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Theoretical Interpretation (theoretical + interpretation)
Selected AbstractsCopper-Azide-Thioarylazoimidazoles , Structure, Spectra, Redox Properties, Magnetism and Theoretical InterpretationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2010Prasenjit Bhunia Abstract Azido-copper(II) and -copper(I) complexes of 1-alkyl-2-[(o -thioalkyl)phenylazo]imidazole (SRaaiNR,) have been prepared and studied. Complex 2 [Cu(SRaaiNR,)(,1,1 -N3)(N3)]2 dimerises via end-to-end (,1,3)-N3 to form a tetrameric structure. Azido-copper(I) complexes of the ligands are obtained as MeOH-bridged dimers, [Cu(SRaaiNR,)(N3)(,-OHMe)]2 (3). The electronic spectra suggest that a small reorganisation energy (0.08 eV) is associated with the change in electronic configuration, structure and oxidation state from CuII to CuI. Redox interconversion, CuII , CuI, [Cu(SMeaaiNMe)(,-N3)(N3)]2 (2a) , [Cu(SMeaaiNMe)(N3)(,-OHCH3)]2 (3a), has been performed in one case. The tetranuclear complex shows ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. The spectra, redox chemistry and magnetism are explained by DFT studies. [source] Rheological Characteristics of Pimento Purée: Theoretical InterpretationJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2002E. Cepedaand ABSTRACT: Rheological characteristics of pimento purée were investigated at different temperatures (5 to 40 °C). The purée serum was a cloudy liquid (0to40 ,m particles) with Newtonian behavior, and flow activation energy of 25.9 kJ/ mol. The power law model was applied to fit the pseudoplastic behavior of pimento purée. The activation energy for flow, evaluated with the Arrhenius-Guzman equation, was low and depended on the variety. A modified Krieger-Dougherty model with 2 parameters was proposed to describe the effect of wet pulp fraction on the relative viscosity. In the semi-empirical model, the colloidal contribution to the viscosity at low shear rate and the parameter variations with the shear rate were considered. [source] Spin-polarized XANES: theoretical analysis of the Ni K-edge of NiF2PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 15 2005G. Smolentsev Abstract Theoretical interpretations of spin-dependent X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra measured by selectively monitoring of the Ni K-beta emission while scanning the excitation energy through the Ni K absorption edge have been performed. Analysis is based on a combination of self-consistent spin-polarized calculation of muffin-tin potential and a full multiple scattering theory of X-ray absorption. This approach allows us to separate the influence of dipole transition matrix elements and the density of empty electronic states on spin-dependent XANES. It is found that the matrix elements affect splitting between spin-up and spin-down spectra only near the absorption threshold, while differences in densities of states slightly shift the spectra in the region 25,35 eV above the main edge. The effects of the multielectron-term-dependent broadening of spin-dependent XANES and mixing of purely spin-polarized spectra were taken into account. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Quantum statistics of charged particles and fingerprints of wigner crystallization in D dimensionsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 15 2006N. H. March Abstract After a brief summary of the physical arguments underlying Wigner's original concept in 1934 of a quantal electron crystal, theoretical interpretation of a number of experimental findings are presented. These include (i) low-density carriers in semiconductors in applied magnetic fields in both three, and recently two, dimensions; and (ii) low-temperature phase diagram of underdoped high Tc cuprates; fullerides with relatively low Tc are also referred to in a related context. Interpretation of areas (i) and (ii) focuses on the relevance of both Fermi,Dirac and anyonic (fractional) statistics, the latter in relation to the proposed melting curve of the two-dimensional (2D) magnetically induced Wigner solid into the Laughlin liquid phase, which is the seat of the fractional quantum Hall effect. A brief discussion follows of crystalline phases additional to the Wigner solid, namely Skyrmion and Hall crystals. Bose,Einstein statistics is then referred to, but now in relation to finite-size confined quantal assemblies, with fingerprints of Wigner molecules the focus. Finally, quasi-1D lattices are considered, both in Bechgaard salts and in the very recent single-electron counting experiment of Bylander et al. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 [source] A new holistic exploratory approach to Systems Biology by Near Infrared Spectroscopy evaluated by chemometrics and data inspectionJOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS, Issue 10-11 2007Lars Munck Abstract There is a need for an improved biological and theoretical interpretation of Near Infra-Red Spectral (NIRS) fingerprints from tissues that could contribute with holistic overview to fine-grained detail modelled in Systems Biology. The concept of gene expression in self-organised networks was experimentally tested in a barley endosperm model with molecularly defined and undefined mutants. Surprisingly reproducible gene-specific NIRS fingerprints were observed directly in log1/R MSC pre-treated spectra that could not be accurately represented by destructive mathematical models. A mutant spectrum in an isogenic background represents the physiochemical expression of the gene in the whole network (tissue). The necessary holistic overview that is needed experimentally to introduce Ilya Prigogine's theory on self-organisation in Systems Biology was supplied by defining the spectral phenome. Interval spectral information on genotypes and environment was classified by interval Extended Canonical Variates Analysis (iECVA). Genetic changes in spectra were interpreted by interval Partial Least Squares Regression (iPLSR) correlations to chemical variables. A new pathway regulation was detected. The finely grained ,bottom up' modelling of molecular and chemical data from pathways requires a coarsely grained exploratory ,top down' overview by NIRS to account for the outcome of self-organisation. The amplification of expression from a gene to the phenome (pleiotropy) can now for the first time be quantified as a whole reproducible phenomenological pattern by NIRS and compared to other gene spectra. It explains published findings that transformed respectively mutated genes in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and cancer patients can be detected unsupervised from tissues by spectroscopy, chemometrics and data inspection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Knowledge exploitation, knowledge exploration, and competency trapKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 3 2006Weiping LiuArticle first published online: 11 AUG 200 It is no surprise that knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration have become the consistent theme in organizational learning literature. Strategy and organization theorists have similarly observed the dynamic capabilities anchored in a firm's ability to simultaneously exploit current technologies and resources to secure efficiency benefits, and creating variation through exploratory innovation. While some studies argue that excessive exploration or excessive exploitation can lead to a competency trap, the ,competency trap' component actually has received less empirical scrutiny. This paper provides a study about how competency traps are formed in the process of knowledge exploration and exploitation as well as their effects on business performance. The paper includes three main sections: First, the theoretical interpretation of the ,competency trap' construct is broadened by investigating the formation of competency traps based on organizational learning theory; second, factors leading to the formation of different competency traps are identified; and third, the relationship between an organization's competency trap and business performance is investigated. The article ends with a discussion of implications for the organizational learning literature. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells and quantum dots on GaAs(11n) substrates studied by photoreflectance spectroscopyPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 2 2007J. S. Rojas-Ramirez Abstract Pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) and self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs(11n)A substrates. Photoreflectance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the transitions in the heterostructures. The transitions in QWs have two contributions, a blue shift due to the compressive strain, and a red shift due to the quantum confined Stark effect produced by the piezoelectric field. A traditional theoretical interpretation of the QWs transitions employing a simple well model with sharp interfaces shows discrepancies with the experimental results. In order to satisfactorily explain the transitions we proposed to include segregation effects of Indium at the wells interfaces. The matrix transfer method was implemented to numerically solve the Schrödinger equation taking into account In segregation effects by including an asymmetric potential well with a profile depending on the details of the In incorporation. With segregation effects included, the calculated transitions fit very well the PR spectra. On the other hand, the transitions in self-assembled QDs were obtained by fitting the PR spectra employing a first derivative line-shape function. For n = 2, 4, 5, two functions were required to fit the spectra. For n = 3 only one function was required, in agreement with the more uniform QDs size distribution observed by atomic force microscopy on GaAs(113)A. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Is polaron effect important for resonant Raman scattering in self-assembled quantum dots?PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 2 2005M. I. Vasilevskiy Abstract While the diagonal (or intra-level) interaction of a confined exciton with optical phonons in self-assembled quantum dots (SAQD's) is rather weak, the non-diagonal one can lead to a considerable change of the exciton spectrum and the formation of a polaron. An impact of this effect on resonant inelastic light scattering is studied theoretically. The polaron spectrum is obtained by numerical diagonalisation of the exciton,phonon interaction Hamiltonian in a truncated Hilbert space of the non-interacting excitons and phonons. Based on this spectrum, the probability of the multi-phonon Raman scattering is calculated, which is compared to that obtained within the standard perturbation theory approach (where phonon emission and absorption are irreversible). It is shown that there are two major effects of the polaron formation: (i) the intensity of the two-phonon (2 LO) peak, relative to that of the fundamental 1 LO one is strongly increased and (ii) the resonant behaviour of the 1 LO peak differs considerably from the perturbation theory predictions. With the correct theoretical interpretation, resonant Raman scattering in SAQD's opens the possibility of accessing the (renormalised) exciton spectrum and exciton,phonon coupling constants. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] The psychic life of colonial power: racialised subjectivities, bodies and methodsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2005Damien W. Riggs Abstract Ongoing histories of racism in colonial nations such as Australia challenge us as academics to consider how we understand racism and its role in practices of both privilege and oppression. In this article we as two non-indigenous people living in Australia attempt to work through issues of collective responsibility by focusing on what we believe are three key issues in the study of racism: 1) methodology and researcher subjectivity, 2) subjectification as a practice of racialisation and 3) racialised embodiment and its relation to power. In exploring these three issues we utilise theoretical interpretations of subjectivity and embodiment alongside a brief examination of a speech by Prime Minister Howard in order to elaborate our claim that racism is foundational to white subjectivities in Australia. By examining colonial violence and our relation to it, we seek to develop a framework within which psychological research on racism in Australia may disturb white claims to belonging by continuing to explore how racism works in the service of the ,good nation'. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Theorizing TQM: An Austrian and Evolutionary Economics InterpretationJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 2 2000Todd H. Chiles Born out of management practice, the principles of TQM (total quality management) have had a profound and unparalleled impact on modern business history. However, as a body of practical knowledge, TQM has been largely atheoretical. As a consequence, this important management philosophy has remained amorphous and shrouded in considerable conceptual haziness and ambiguity. Recent theorizing, primarily emphasizing the application of organizational behaviour theories to TQM, has begun to provide greater clarity, but much work remains to be done. This paper attempts to contribute to this nascent theory-building literature by employing theory from market process economics (MPE), namely, Austrian and evolutionary economics, which explains how processes of dynamic change, adaptation, and learning are driven by entrepreneurial creativity. We contend that the patterns in this body of theory match, to a remarkable degree, the patterns of practical knowledge contained in the TQM literature. We demonstrate this ,pattern-matching' by showing that MPE effectively provides the theoretical underpinnings of TQM's three main principles , customer focus, continuous improvement and teamwork , as well as the respective TQM topics of customer perceptions, adaptation in dynamic environments, and knowledge creation. Having established MPE as a credible theoretical lens for interpreting TQM, it can be used to clarify fuzzy areas that have remained in the TQM literature with the potential to take us beyond what we know now. We illustrate this with three examples that show how we can resolve debates in TQM over incentive systems, recognize that TQM embraces methodological pluralism in the collection and analysis of data, and highlight hidden dangers that attend benchmarking. While MPE has no monopoly on theoretical interpretations of TQM, it is unique in its ability to comprehensively cover the incredible breadth of this practical body of knowledge, and in its interpretation of TQM as a dynamic economic endeavour. [source] Governance in Houston: Growth Theories and Urban PressuresJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 5 2003Igor Vojnovic This research will present a historical review of the role of local government and then examine two theoretical interpretations, the public choice and political economy perspectives, in explaining Houston's governance and public policy directions. The work will also show that recent events in Houston that might initially appear to contradict the city's historical development practices, such as greater ethnic sensitivity and increasing concern for the environment, have in no way challenged the city's pro-growth agenda. The new directions in Houston's policy are simply a reflection of a different growth strategy reflecting changing demographics in the city and the new reality of Houston's diversifying economy. [source] The Principal Components of Growth in the Less Developed CountriesKYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2008Derek Headey SUMMMARY This paper re-examines the international evidence on the sources of growth in less developed countries (LDCs) using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Although EFA was first used in the development context by Adelman and Morris (1967) it has rarely been used since, despite being ideally suited to a context in which a large number of latent factors have been hypothesized to determine growth, and in which an even greater number of imperfectly measured and multicollinear proxies have been used to measure these latent factors. This paper uses EFA to minimize these problems of omitted variables biases, multicollinearity and measurement error, by reducing a large array of hypothesized growth determinants into a parsimonious and non-collinear set of composite indices. The paper then provides theoretical interpretations of the derived indices, tests their statistical significance and quantitative importance in otherwise conventional growth regressions, and uses these results to reappraise the usefulness of cross-country empirics in deriving robust, policy-relevant knowledge of the principal components of growth in LDCs, including the so called ,economic miracles'. [source] | ||||||||||||||||