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Term Impact (term + impact)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Engineering	40%

Kinds of Term Impact

long term impact

Selected Abstracts

MODELING THE LONG TERM IMPACTS OF USING RIGID STRUCTURES IN STREAM CHANNEL RESTORATION1

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 6 2006
Sue L. Niezgoda
Abstract: Natural channel designs often incorporate rigid instream structures to protect channel banks, provide grade control, promote flow deflection, or otherwise improve channel stability. The long term impact of rigid structures on natural stream processes is relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to use long term alluvial channel modeling to evaluate the effect of rigid structures on channel processes and assess current and future stream channel stability. The study was conducted on Oliver Run, a small stream in Pennsylvania relocated due to highway construction. Field data were collected for one year along the 107 m reach to characterize the stream and provide model input, calibration, and verification data. FLUVIAL-12 was used to evaluate the long term impacts of rigid structures on natural channel adjustment, overall channel stability, and changing form and processes. Based on a consideration of model limitations and results, it was concluded that the presence of rigid structures reduced channel width-to-depth ratios, minimized bed elevation changes due to long term aggradation and degradation, limited lateral channel migration, and increased the mean bed material particle size throughout the reach. Results also showed how alluvial channel modeling can be used to improve the stream restoration design effort. [source]

ORIGINAL RESEARCH,SURGERY: Short Term Impact on Female Sexual Function of Pelvic Floor Reconstruction with the Prolift Procedure

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 11 2009
Tsung-Hsien Su MD
ABSTRACT Introduction., The Prolift system is an effective and safe procedure using mesh reinforcement for vaginal reconstruction of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but its effect on sexual function is unclear. Aim., To evaluate the impact of transvaginal pelvic reconstruction with Prolift on female sexual function at 6 months post-operatively. Methods., Thirty-three sexually active women who underwent Prolift mesh pelvic floor reconstruction for symptomatic POP were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery. Their sexual function was assessed by using the short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) before and after surgery. The quality of life was also evaluated with the short forms of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) as a control for efficacy of the procedure. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system was used to evaluate the degree of prolapse. Main Outcome Measures., PISQ-12 scores at 6 months post-operatively. Results., The total PISQ-12 score decreased from 29.5 ± 9.0 to 19.3 ± 14.7 (P < 0.001), indicating worsening of sexual function 6 months post-operatively. The behavioral, physical, and partner-related domains of PISQ-12 were each significantly reduced (5.2 ± 3.7 vs. 2.9 ± 3.7, P = 0.016; 15.4 ± 4.7 vs. 10.4 ± 8.6, P = 0.001; 8.9 ± 3.8 vs. 6.4 ± 5.5, P = 0.01, respectively). UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores were significantly improved at the 6-month follow-up, as was anatomic recovery. Of the 33 subjects, 24 (73%) had worse sexual function 6 months after the procedure. Conclusion., The Prolift procedure provided an effective anatomic cure of POP, but it had an adverse effect on sexual function at 6 months after surgery. Su TH, Lau HH, Huang WC, Chen SS, Lin TY, Hsieh CH, and Yeh CY. Short term impact on female sexual function of pelvic floor reconstruction with the Prolift procedure. J Sex Med 2009;6:3201,3207. [source]

Development and evaluation of a cd-rom to support student learning in dentist,patient communication

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2003
J. T. Newton
The interaction between dentist and patient is central to the provision of effective healthcare. A multidisciplinary team containing expertise in the social and behavioural sciences, medicine, dentistry, education and information technology was formed to design a CD-ROM to support more traditional teaching and learning in this area. The final version of the program consists of a ,virtual' patient from whom students are asked to take a medical history. The ,patient' interacts with the student and responds to the style of their questioning by changes in anxiety, or degree of annoyance. To date, the CD-ROM has been evaluated in two stages. The first stage was a predictive formative evaluation by the research/development team, and the second stage was a formative evaluation by 144 dental students of the first full prototype. A third stage, to be conducted next year, will involve measuring the longer term impact of the CD-ROM through the assessment of students' abilities to communicate with patients. The evaluation had two components: students made rates of how useful and easy to use they found the program, and students' attitudes towards interacting with patients were evaluated adopting constructs from the theory of Planned Behaviour. Students were positive about the use of the CD-ROM, though they requested some changes in the functionality of the program. Compared to a sample of students who had not used the CD-ROM, the students who used the CD-ROM felt more positive about communicating with their patients, at the end of the course, and expressed stronger intentions to communicate well with patients. We conclude that the CD-ROM we have developed in a useful adjunct to learning in dentist,patient communication. [source]

Introduction to special series: Measurement and analysis of the potential long term impact of pulp and paper mill effluent on receiving waters

INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2009
Timothy J Hall
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

STREAMFLOW DEPLETION: MODELING OF REDUCED BASEFLOW ANI INDUCED STREAM INFILTRATION FROM SEASONALLY PUMPED WELLS,

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 1 2001
Xunhong Chen
ABSTRACT: Numerical modeling techniques are used to analyze streamflow depletion for stream-aquifer systems with baseflow. The analyses calculated two flow components generated by a pumping well located at a given distance from a river that is hydraulically connected to an unconfined aquifer. The two components are induced stream infiltration and reduced baseflow; both contribute to total streamflow depletion. Simulation results suggest that the induced infiltration, the volume of water discharged from the stream to the aquifer, has a shorter term impact on streamflow, while the reduced baseflow curves show a longer term effect. The peak impacts of the two hydrologic processes on streamflow occur separately. The separate analysis helps in understanding the hydrologic interactions between stream and aquifer. Practically, it provides useful information about contaminant transport from stream to aquifer when water quality is a concern, and for areas where water quantity is an issue, the separate analysis offers additional information to the development of water resource management plan. [source]

Conceptualization and sources of costs from breast cancer: Findings from patient and caregiver focus groups

PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2005
Sophie Lauzier
Assessment of economic burden of breast cancer to patient and family has generally been overlooked in assessing the impact of this disease. We explored economic aspects from the perspective of women and their caregivers. Focus groups were conducted in 3 Quebec cities representing urban and semi-urban settings: 3 with 26 women first treated for non-metastatic breast cancer in the past 18 months, and 3 with 24 primary caregivers. We purposefully selected participants with different characteristics likely to affect the nature or extent of costs. Thematic content analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts. Costs of breast cancer could be substantial, but were not the most worrisome aspect of the illness during treatments. Some costs were considered unavoidable, others depended on ability to pay. Costs occurred over a long period, with long term impact, and were borne by the whole family and not just the woman. Principal cost sources discussed were those associated with accessing health care, wage losses, reorganization of everyday life, and coping with the disease. This study provided deeper understanding of cost dynamics and the experience of costs among Canadian women with non-metastatic breast cancer, whose treatment and medical follow-up costs are borne through a system of universal, publicly funded health care. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

ORIGINAL RESEARCH,SURGERY: Short Term Impact on Female Sexual Function of Pelvic Floor Reconstruction with the Prolift Procedure

Profit and Price Effects of Multi-species Individual Transferable Quotas

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2005
Diane P. Dupont
Regulators in many countries have adopted individual transferable quotas as a means of dealing with the open access problem inherent in fisheries. Using individual vessel data prior to and after the introduction of ITQs in Canada's multi-species Scotia-Fundy mobile gear fishery, the paper uses an index number profit decomposition to compare vessel performance over time and across individual vessels. The approach allows us to undertake both an ex post evaluation of short-term impacts of ITQs and an ex ante evaluation of longer term impacts. With respect to short-term impacts, the results suggest that larger vessels have benefited the most from the introduction of ITQs, but that all vessels have enjoyed increases in the prices received for those fish species that are included in the quota program. With respect to longer-term impacts, the transferability provisions of the ITQ program have encouraged exit and more efficient operations to prevail. [source]

MODELING THE LONG TERM IMPACTS OF USING RIGID STRUCTURES IN STREAM CHANNEL RESTORATION1

Young people who attend specialist alcohol treatment: who are they and do they need special treatment?

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 4 2008
Devon Indig
Abstract Objective: Patterns of drinking in adolescence and young adulthood may have major short term impacts and influences on later drinking, yet little is known about the characteristics of young people who seek help for alcohol problems. Here we examine the characteristics of treatment episodes for adolescents and young adults who present to specialist alcohol treatment in New South Wales (NSW). Methods: The NSW Minimum Data Set for Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services was examined for all alcohol-related treatment episodes (N=21,012) reported between July 2004 and June 2005. We compared treatment episodes for adolescents aged 12-19 years, young adults aged 20-29 years and clients aged 30 years or more for their demographics, drug use and service delivery characteristics. Results: Clients aged under 30 years were significantly more likely to be referred into specialist treatment by a police, court or criminal justice diversion program compared with older clients (adolescent: OR=3.7, 95%CI: 3.1-4.4; young adult: OR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.9-2.4). Concern about cannabis use was significantly higher among younger clients (adolescents: OR=2.8 95%CI: 2.3-3.3; young adults: OR=2.1, 95%CI: 2.0-2.4) than those aged 30 years or more. Younger clients were also more likely to be of Indigenous origin or seen in a rural setting. Conclusions: Adolescent and young adult alcohol treatment clients include a higher proportion of clients who are Indigenous, legally coerced, and who have concerns with polydrug use. Service providers should seek to tailor their treatment programs to better meet these unique needs and to better attract young people into voluntary treatment. [source]