			Home About us Contact

Baseline Questionnaire (baseline + questionnaire)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Helping smokers to decide on the use of efficacious smoking cessation methods: a randomized controlled trial of a decision aid

ADDICTION, Issue 3 2006
Marc C. Willemsen
ABSTRACT Aims Most smokers attempt to stop smoking without using help. We evaluated the efficacy of a decision aid to motivate quitters to use efficacious treatment. Setting and participants A total of 1014 were recruited from a convenience sample of 3391 smokers who intended to quit smoking within 6 months. Design and intervention Smokers were assigned randomly to either receive the decision aid or no intervention. The decision aid was expected to motivate quitters to use efficacious cessation methods and contained neutral information on treatment methods, distinguishing between efficacious and non-efficacious treatments. Measurements Baseline questionnaire and follow-ups were used 2 weeks and 6 months after the start of the intervention., Findings The decision aid increased knowledge of cessation methods and induced a more positive attitude towards these methods. Furthermore, 45% reported increased confidence about being able to quit and 43% said it helped them to choose between treatments. However, no clear effect on usage of treatment aids was found, but the intervention group had more quit attempts (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.14,2.02) and higher point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up (20.2% versus 13.6%; OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07,2.11). Conclusions An aid to help smokers decide to use efficacious treatment when attempting to quit smoking had a positive effect on smoking cessation, while failing to increase the usage of efficacious treatment. This finding lends support to the notion that the mere promotion of efficacious treatments for tobacco addiction might increase the number of quit attempts, irrespective of the actual usage of treatment. [source]

Use of mouthguards by basketball players in Victoria, Australia

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Helen Cornwell
Abstract ,,,Basketball is a popular sport in Australia. Although orofacial injuries are common, mouthguard (MG) wear in basketball appears to be low. The purposes of this study were: to measure mouthguard wear by basketball players before and after a promotional intervention; to assess players' knowledge of the value of mouthguards for prevention of injury; and to describe their experience of orofacial injury. Two questionnaires (baseline and follow-up) were administered to a convenience sample of 496 basketball players in Victoria, Australia. Players recruited were youths (12,15-year olds, n = 208) and adults (18 years and over, n = 288), from all basketball levels (social to elite). Completion of the baseline questionnaire was followed immediately by an intervention comprising written and verbal information, a mouthguard blank and instructions on mouthguard construction. The follow-up questionnaire was mailed to all respondents 10,12 weeks later; 135 youths (65%) and 157 adults (54%) completed this. Mouthguard wear at baseline was low but was more frequent at games (62%) than at training (25%). Despite 90% of players acknowledging the protective value of a mouthguard, wear by youths did not increase following the intervention, and wear by adults increased by only 14% for training and 10% at games. Previous orofacial injury was recorded at baseline by 23% of players, but few had requested compensation from Basketball Australia (youths, 17%; adults, 30%). Two predictor variables were statistically identified as related to mouthguard wear: previous orofacial injury and age group. Mouthguard wear was significantly more frequent amongst players with previous injury; such players were 2.76 times more likely to be wearers than those without previous injury. Youths were 2.31 times more likely to wear mouthguards than adults. Only 34 players (12% of respondents at follow-up) had a mouthguard constructed from the blank provided. Although youth and adult groups differed, the overall extent of mouthguard use was disappointingly low. Despite wide recognition of mouthguard value, the intervention had little effect on promoting their use. [source]

Migraine Treatment With Rizatriptan and Non-Triptan Usual Care Medications: A Pharmacy-Based Study

HEADACHE, Issue 9 2004
Roger Cady MD
Objective.,To compare the effectiveness of rizatriptan to other non-triptan medications in the relief of migraine headache in usual care settings. Background.,Although rizatriptan has been shown to provide effective relief of migraine symptoms in clinical trials, limited data exist directly comparing its effectiveness with non-triptan medications. Methods.,Migraineurs aged 18 to 55 who had been prescribed a new antimigraine drug (rizatriptan 10 mg or a selected class of non-triptan oral medications) were recruited to participate in the study through a national retail pharmacy chain. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire at the enrollment and reported their treatment experiences by filling out the treatment diary after using the newly prescribed medication. The treatment outcomes of patients receiving rizatriptan were compared with those receiving non-triptan medications. Logistic regression analysis was applied to test statistical significance with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results.,Of the 728 patients who entered the study, 693 (95.2%) completed the treatment diary. Patients treated with rizatriptan (192) and non-triptans (501) reported the following outcomes, respectively,onset of headache relief within 30 minutes post-dose: 25% versus 18%; self-defined significant headache relief within 2 hours post-dose: 71% versus 54%; pain free or mild pain at 2 hours post-dose: 58% versus 47%; completely symptom-free within 2 hours of post-dose: 32% versus 20%; return to usual activities within 2 hours post-dose: 39% versus 35%; and satisfied with treatment: 67% versus 55% (P < .05 in all comparisons with exception of returning to usual activities). Conclusion.,Rizatriptan was significantly more effective than non-triptans in the relief of migraine headaches for patients obtaining prescribed migraine medications from a retail pharmacy. Additional studies at other usual care settings may be needed to confirm the findings. [source]

Physical activity in adolescence and smoking in young adulthood: a prospective twin cohort study

ADDICTION, Issue 7 2007
Urho M. Kujala
ABSTRACT Aims To control for familial confounds, we studied the association between adolescent physical activity and later smoking in twin siblings discordant for their baseline physical activity. Design and measurements In this prospective population-based twin study, we asked whether persistent physical activity/inactivity in adolescence (assessed at 16, 17 and 18.5 years) predicted questionnaire-reported daily smoking at ages 22,27. Twins who, on the three baseline questionnaires, consistently reported frequent leisure physical activity (more than three times weekly) were classified as persistent exercisers, those who exercised less than three times monthly were called persistently inactive, others were occasional exercisers. Setting Finland. Participants A total of 4240 individuals, including 1870 twin pairs. Findings In analyses of individual twins, compared to persistent activity, persistent physical inactivity predicted increased risk of daily smoking (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio 5.53, 95% confidence interval 3.88,7.88, P < 0.001). The risk remained elevated even after excluding all those who had smoked 50 cigarettes or more life-time at baseline and adjusted for educational level in adolescence. In within-pair analyses compared to the active members of discordant twin pairs, the physically inactive co-twins had increased risk of future daily smoking (sex-adjusted odds ratio 3.39, 95% confidence interval 1.56,7.39, P = 0.002). Conclusions Persistent physical inactivity in adolescence relates to adult smoking, even after familial factors are taken into account. [source]