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Temporal Lobe Atrophy (temporal + lobe_atrophy)
Kinds of Temporal Lobe Atrophy Selected AbstractsNeocortical Temporal FDG-PET Hypometabolism Correlates with Temporal Lobe Atrophy in Hippocampal Sclerosis Associated with Microscopic Cortical DysplasiaEPILEPSIA, Issue 4 2003Beate Diehl Summary: ,Purpose: Medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS), with or without cortical dysplasia (CD), is associated with atrophy of the hippocampal formation and regional fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) hypometabolism. The relation between areas of functional and structural abnormalities is not well understood. We investigate the relation between FDG-PET metabolism and temporal lobe (TL) and hippocampal atrophy in patients with histologically proven isolated HS and HS associated with CD. Methods: Twenty-three patients underwent en bloc resection of the mesial and anterolateral neocortical structures. Ten patients were diagnosed with isolated HS; 13 patients had associated microscopic CD. Temporal lobe volumes (TLVs) and hippocampal volumes were measured. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET were co-registered, and regions of interest (ROIs) determined as gray matter of the mesial, lateral, and anterior temporal lobe. Results: All patients (HS with or without CD) had significant ipsilateral PET hypometabolism in all three regions studied (p < 0.0001). In patients with isolated HS, the most prominent hypometabolism was in the anterior and mesial temporal lobe, whereas in dual pathology, it was in the lateral temporal lobe. TLVs and hippocampal volumes were significantly smaller on the epileptogenic side (p < 0.05). The PET asymmetries ipsilateral/contralateral to the epileptogenic zone and TLV asymmetries correlated significantly for the anterior and lateral temporal lobes (p < 0.05) in the HS+CD group, but not in the isolated HS group. Mesial temporal hypometabolism was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Temporal neocortical microscopic CD with concurrent HS is associated with more prominent lateral temporal metabolic dysfunction compared with isolated HS in TL atrophy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and correlate the PET hypometabolic patterns with outcome data in patients operated on for HS with or without CD. [source] Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and medial temporal lobe atrophy: the LADIS studyDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 2 2007E. S. C. Korf Abstract Hypothesis, Based on recent findings on the association between vascular risk factors and hippocampal atrophy, we hypothesized that hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) in subjects without disability, independent of the severity of white matter hyperintensities. Methods, In the Leukoaraiosis And DISability in the elderly (LADIS) study, we investigated the relationships between DM, hypertension, blood pressure and MTA in 582 subjects, stratified by white matter hyperintensity severity, using multinomial logistic regression. MTA was visually scored for the left and right medial temporal lobe (score 0,4), and meaned. Results, Mean age was 73.5 years (sd 5.1), 54% was female. Of the subjects, 15% had DM, and 70% had a history of hypertension. The likelihood of having MTA score 3 was significantly higher in subjects with DM (OR 2.9; 95% CI: 1.1,7.8) compared with an MTA score of 0 (no atrophy). The odds ratio for MTA score 2 was not significantly increased (OR 1.8; CI: 0.9,4). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a history of hypertension were not associated with MTA. There was no interaction between DM and hypertension. Stratification on white matter hyperintensities (WMH) did not alter the associations. Conclusion Our study strengthens the observation that MTA is associated with DM, independently of the amount of small vessel disease as reflected by WMH. [source] Is there any role for computed tomography measurements of medial temporal lobe atrophy in dementia?INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008A review of the literature, case series from a memory clinic Abstract Neuroimaging in dementia has focused on documenting any burden of vascular disease or excluding any reversible intracranial pathology. We review the use of computed tomography to examine for medial temporal lobe atrophy in dementia and compare this with a case series of such measurements from our memory clinic. Measures of medial temporal lobe atrophy were used to separate patients with Alzheimer's disease from those with normal cognition, mood disorders or other forms of early dementia. [source] Is late onset depression a prodrome to dementia?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 11 2002Isaac Schweitzer Abstract Background Recent research suggests there are clinical and biological differences between late onset depression (LOD) and early-onset depression (EOD). Objectives In this paper we review clinical, epidemiological, structural neuroimaging and genetic investigations of late life depression that have been performed over the past two decades and offer evidence that LOD is often a prodromal disorder for dementia. Results LOD patients are more likely to have cognitive impairment and to have more deep white matter lesions (DWMLs). Evidence concerning cortical and temporal lobe atrophy is conflicting, while the ApoE 4 allele is not associated with LOD. Conclusions It is likely that LOD is not a prodrome for a particular type of dementia, but the majority of patients who do develop dementia will acquire Alzheimer's disease (AD) or a vascular dementia, as these are by far the most common causes of dementia. This issue requires further clarification with follow-up of patients over the long term. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A comparison between the accuracy of voxel-based morphometry and hippocampal volumetry in Alzheimer's diseaseJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 3 2004Cristina Testa PhD Abstract Purpose To compare the accuracy of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest (ROI)-based hippocampal volumetry to detect medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and Methods A total of 27 AD patients (age 74 ± 9 years; 22 women; Mini-Mental State Exam [MMSE] 21 ± 4) and 25 controls (age 70 ± 8; 16 women; MMSE 29 ± 1) were studied. Accuracy of VBM to detect gray matter loss in those seven AD patients and 11 controls with similar ROI-based hippocampal measures and of ROI-based volumetry to detect gray matter loss in those four AD patients and five controls with similar VBM-based hippocampal measures was assessed. VBM was performed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Results The area under the curve was 0.96 (95% C.I., 0.92,1.00) for VBM, 0.89 (95% C.I., 0.80,0.98) for ROI-based hippocampal measures, and 0.99 (95% C.I., 0.96,1.00) for both. In subjects with similar ROI-based hippocampal measures, VBM detected atrophy in AD patients at P < 0.0001, while in subjects with similar VBM-based hippocampal measure, volumetry was not significant (P = 0.11). Both measures independently contributed to discrimination (P = 0.004 and P = 0.032) in a logistic regression model. Conclusion These results indicate that VBM is more accurate, but the combination of both methods provides the highest accuracy for detection of hippocampal atrophy in AD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;19:274,282. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Progressive Cerebral Disease in Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Causes Anterograde Amnesia and Neuropsychiatric DisorderJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 2 2006Dominic A. Carone PhD ABSTRACT The authors report neuropsychological (NP) and serial quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a 29-year-old woman with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG). Disease course was characterized by acute psychosis, tremor, fever, seizures, and progressive cognitive impairment. At the time of symptom onset, brain MRI revealed mild lesion volume and normal parenchymal volume. This was followed by dramatic progression of brain lesions and atrophy over 2 years, at which point the patient expired. Atrophy was most prominent in the mesial temporal lobes. NP testing revealed marked amnesia and mild impairments in other cognitive domains. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of LG in which bilateral temporal lobe atrophy is evident and accompanied by anterograde amnesia. We speculate that temporal lobe atrophy was influenced by the established susceptibility of this region in various neurological diseases. [source] Neuroimaging Determinants of Cognitive Performances in Stroke Associated With Small Vessel DiseaseJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 2 2005V. Mok MD ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Controversies still exist as to the neuroimaging determinants of cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The authors studied the neuroimaging correlates of cognitive performances among patients with stroke associated with SVD. Methods. The authors per formed cerebral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging among 74 consecu tive patients admitted to the acute stroke unit because of stroke associated with SVD. They examined the association between cognitive performances and the following neuroimaging features: volume of white matter changes (WMC), multiplicity of lacunae, location of lacunae, total cerebral atrophy, and frontal and medial temporal lobe atrophy. Results. Apart from age and education, univariate linear regression analyses revealed that WMC volume, presence of thalamic lacunae, cerebral atrophy, and left frontal lobe atrophy predicted performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination while WMC volume, presence of thalamic infarcts, cerebral atrophy, and frontal lobe atrophy of both sides predicted performance on the Mattis Dementia Rat ing Scale-Initiation/Preservation subscale. In the multivariate analyses, education (R2= 0.22, P < .001), left frontal lobe atrophy (R2= 0.10, P= .004), and presence of thalamic lacunae (R2= 0.04, P= .049) were found to predict performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination while age (R2= 0.23, P < .001) and presence of thalamic lacunae (R2= 0.08, P= .011) were found to predict performance on the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-Initiation/Preservation. Conclusions. Among patients with stroke associated with SVD, thalamic lacunae and frontal lobe atrophy are key determinants of cognitive performances. [source] | ||||||||||