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Telecommunications

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting38%
Engineering22%
Polymers and Materials Science10%
Humanities and Social Sciences10%
Mathematics and Statistics6%
Information Science and Computing3%
Earth and Environmental Science3%
2 Other Domains8%
Distribution within Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting
General & Introductory Economics26%
Management Science/Operational Research13%
Financial Economics7%

Terms modified by Telecommunications

  • telecommunication company
  • telecommunication equipment
  • telecommunication industry
    		•
  • telecommunication infrastructure
  • telecommunication market
  • telecommunication network
    		•
  • telecommunication sector
  • telecommunication services
  • telecommunication system
    		•
  • telecommunication technology
  • telecommunication wavelength

    • Selected Abstracts

    TELECOMMUNICATIONS: East and West Africa

    AFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 7 2010
    Article first published online: 1 SEP 2010
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    TELECOMMUNICATIONS: Africa Telecom Conference

    AFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 2 2010
    Article first published online: 1 APR 2010
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    LIBERALIZATION OF EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: SECTORAL DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURAL MUTATIONS

    ANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2007
    Philippe BANCE
    ABSTRACT,:,This contribution intends to draw up an assessment of structural changes in the telecommunications sector impelled by the European policy of liberalization. Deep transformations with contrasted results have occurred. A strong differentiation in offer of services and a considerable fall in cost appears. After a strong growth, however, investment sharply decreased with the financial crisis. Employment has become a variable of adjustment for companies subjected to strong risks due to the economic situation. Lastly, the assertion of the universal service of telecommunications is accompanied by an important reduction of public service missions. [source]

    The Choice Among Interbank Settlement Systems: The European Experience

    ECONOMIC NOTES, Issue 1 2003
    Angelo Baglioni
    This paper addresses the choice of banks between alternative channels for interbank payments. The conventional view assumes a tradeoff between the safety of real-time gross settlement (RTGS) and the liquidity savings of multilateral netting. Moreover, correspondent banking is believed to be inefficient, both in terms of liquidity and of administrative costs. In the last decade, however, the impulse of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, technological changes and the management of RTGS systems by central banks have reduced the difference between the various systems. This is especially true for risk, whereas liquidity cost crucially depends on the refinancing policy adopted by the central bank and the co-ordination among the participants. On the basis of the recent evolution of payment systems in Europe, we verify the importance of liquidity, as well as other variables like transaction costs, for the choice of banks among different settlement systems. Cost factors imply that the nature of payments flows (value, commercial versus financial) and some structural features of the banking systems (dimension of the intermediaries, concentration of the banking sector) become important. The analysis is carried out both through a theoretical model and a cross-country comparison based on three data sources: ECB (European Central Bank, EBA (Euro Banking Association) and SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication). [source]

    Relay communications for Mars exploration

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING, Issue 2 2007
    Charles D. Edwards
    Telecommunication is an essential and challenging aspect of planetary exploration. For Mars landers, the constraints of mass, volume, power and energy typically limit their communications capabilities on the long-distance link back to Earth. By deploying relay spacecraft in Martian orbit, these landers can achieve much greater data return and can obtain contact opportunities at times when Earth is not in view. Currently, both NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) have pursued this strategy, deploying relay payloads on their Mars science orbiters. This relay infrastructure has significantly benefited the science return from the 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers and is poised to support the Phoenix Lander and Mars Science Laboratory missions later this decade. Longer-term plans call for continued growth in relay capability, greatly increasing data return from the Martian surface to enable exciting new Mars exploration concepts and advance our understanding of our planetary neighbour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    The Problem of Media Habits

    COMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 2 2010
    Robert LaRose
    To what extent is repeated media consumption behavior a matter of habit rather than continuing and active self-instruction? The physiological and cognitive origins of habits are examined in the context of current research in neurology and social psychology. The result is a reconceptualization of media habits along a continuum from consciously enacted behaviors to those that are activated automatically by external stimuli. Communication research perspectives of the role of habits in media consumption are critically reviewed. From this analysis, habits emerge as automatic thought processes that are powerful predictors of media behavior and a model of habitual media consumption is proposed. Le problème des habitudes médiatiques Robert LaRose Dans quelle mesure la répétition d'un comportement de consommation médiatique est-elle une affaire d'habitude plutôt qu'un choix continu et actif? Les origines physiologiques et cognitives des habitudes sont étudiées dans le contexte de la recherche actuelle en neurologie et en psychologie sociale. Il en résulte une reconceptualisation des habitudes médiatiques selon un continuum allant des comportements conscients à ceux qui sont automatiquement activés par des stimulus extérieurs. Les perspectives de la recherche en communication sur le rôle des habitudes dans la consommation médiatique sont passées en revue d'un ,il critique. De cette analyse, les habitudes émergent comme étant des processus de pensée automatiques qui sont de forts prédicteurs des comportements médiatiques. Un modèle de la consommation médiatique habituelle est proposé. Das Problem von Mediengewohnheiten Robert LaRose Inwiefern ist ein wiederholtes Medienkonsumverhalten eine Frage der Gewohnheit und nicht der ständigen aktiven Selbstkonstruktion? Im Kontext aktueller Forschung in der Neurologie und Sozialpsychologie werden die physiologischen und kognitiven Ursprünge von Gewohnheiten betrachtet. Das Ergebnis ist eine Neukonzeptualisierung von Mediengewohnheiten entlang eines Kontinuums von bewusst ausgeführten Verhaltensweisen hin zu jenen Verhaltensweisen, die automatisch von externalen Stimuli aktiviert werden. Die Perspektive der Kommunikationsforschung zur Rolle von Gewohnheiten bei der Mediennutzung wird kritisch untersucht. Basierend auf dieser Analyse entstehen Gewohnheiten als automatische Gedankenprozesse, die wiederum starke Prädiktoren für Medienverhalten sind. Ein Modell der habitualisierten Mediennutzung wird vorgeschlagen. El Problema de los Hábitos de los Medios Robert LaRose Department of Telecommunication, Information Studies, and Media, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Resumen ¿Hasta qué punto el comportamiento repetitivo de consumo de los medios es un asunto de hábito en vez de auto instrucción continúa y activa? Los orígenes psicológicos y cognitivos de los hábitos son examinados en el contexto de la investigación corriente en neurología y psicología social. El resultado es una reconceptualización de los hábitos de los medios a través de un continuo entre los comportamientos conscientemente representados y aquellos que son automáticamente activados por estímulos externos. Las perspectivas de la investigación en comunicación sobre el rol de los hábitos de consumo de los medios son revisados críticamente. De este análisis, los hábitos emergen como procesos de pensamiento automático los cuales son vaticinadores poderosos del comportamiento de los medios y un modelo de consumo habitual de los medios es propuesto. [source]

    The Regulation of Telecommunications in the Czech Republic

    EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 3 2003
    Andrew Skudder
    The rapid development of the telecommunications sector was to act as a catalyst for the general improvement of the entire national economy, whilst at the same time helping the country to meet its policy goal of creating the conditions precedent to its successful integration into the European Union. The purpose of this article is to trace the progress of the Czech telecommunications market to date and to assess the regulatory framework adopted by the Czech government in light of its stated policy goals. After giving a brief history of the development of the market and the corresponding development of a regulatory régime this article shall turn to examine the current legal position after the adoption of the recent Law on which came into force on 1 July 2000. As well as suggesting necessary modifications and amendments due to certain flaws or omissions in the Act, modifications arising from the adoption by the EU of its new regulatory framework for communications shall also be suggested. [source]

    Intermediate frequency zero-crossing detection of filtered MSK based on irregular sampling

    EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 7 2007
    Tobias Scholand
    Short range communication systems such as Bluetooth and DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) deploy Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK), which is a continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme derived from minimum shift keying (MSK). Since these short range communication systems require low-cost transceiver structures, the development of appropriate receiver techniques has been a major research topic. Particularly, analogue limiter--discriminator--integrator (LDI) dump filtering techniques have received considerable attention. With the availability of digital signal processing (DSP), the digital implementation of LDI techniques has become increasingly attractive. In order to make LDI receivers more accessible, zero-crossing detection was proposed. First, the authors shall focus on the establishment of an appropriate mathematical discrete-time system model, taking bandlimiting receiver filters into account explicitly. This system model serves as the basis for the development of a multitude of digital zero-crossing detection techniques. Starting from this mathematical discrete-time system model, the authors shall focus on a novel, yet promising, approach to digital zero-crossing detection in the intermediate frequency domain, using irregular sampling instead of the commonly employed regular sampling. The novel detectors shall be termed zero-crossing decorrelation detectors (ZXDDs), because a decorrelating approach will be used. The authors shall present three different variants of the ZXDD. The performance of these ZXDD schemes has been analysed in simulations by the authors and obtained results shall be presented and compared to the performance of known LDI and zero-crossing detection based techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Special Issue of European Transactions on Telecommunications on ,Next Generation Wireless and Mobile Communications',

    EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2006
    Bernhard Walke
    First page of article [source]

    Catania B. ,Antonio Meucci: how electrotherapy gave birth to telephony'.

    EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 3 2004
    European Transactions on Telecommunications2003;14(6):53
    The article to which this Erratum refers was published in European Transactions on Telecommunications 2003; 14(6) :539,552 [source]

    Semiconductor Carbon Nanotubes as Ultrafast Switching Materials for Optical Telecommunications,

    ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 6 2003
    S. Tatsuura
    The third-order nonlinear optical property ,(3)I of a film of single-walled carbon nanotubes was studied in the infrared region. The film combines a high ,(3)I (,0.85,×,10,7 esu at resonant wavelength) with a rapid transmittance recovery (from differential transmission spectra, see Figure), making it suitable for highly efficient and ultrafast devices for optical telecommunications. [source]

    Methods and Models in Transport and Telecommunications: Cross Atlantic Perspectives, edited by Aura Reggiani and Laurie A. Schintler

    JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2007
    Robin Lindsey
    First page of article [source]

    The Cost Structure of Australian Telecommunications

    THE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 239 2001
    Harry Bloch
    Since 1991 Australian telecommunications has undergone substantial reform. To a large extent, the economic correctness of pro-competitive policy depends on the non-existence of natural monopoly technology. This paper provides estimates of the Australian telecommunications system cost structure, and tests for subadditivity from 1943 to 1991. Additivity of the cost function after 1945 rejects the natural monopoly hypothesis and supports recent government policy. Diminished natural monopoly characteristics suggest that co-ordination between firms through networking can achieve similar economies as internal co-ordination within a monopoly. This finding is important, given the trend towards network unbundling, and service provision through interconnection. [source]

    Telecommunications Reforms In Malaysia

    ANNALS OF PUBLIC AND COOPERATIVE ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2002
    C. Lee
    The article examines the range and scope of physical and structural changes that have taken place in the telecommunications sector in Malaysia in the past 15 years. It reviews the main policy reforms that have shaped the sector, including corporatization and privatization, and liberalization in fixed line and cellular services. The article documents the increase in competition, particularly in the cellular phone service market. Major regulatory reforms were introduced in the 1990s with the passage of the Communications and Multimedia Act and the establishment of the Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission. The key principles for regulating the sector are reviewed, including those directed towards economic regulation and consumer protection. With the absence of a formal competition law in Malaysia, the onus for addressing competition issues in the telecommunications sector rests with the sectoral regulator. [source]

    Regulatory Competition and Accountability: Comparing Universal Service in Telecommunications in Australia and Taiwan,

    AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2009
    Chen-Dong Tso
    The recent trend of transforming regulatory bureaus into independent agencies has raised concerns over accountability once the regulator is cut loose from political control. There is also concern that the promotion of public values may be at risk when the regulatory function is outsourced to a mission-limited independent agency. To find possible solutions to these problems, this study compares the provision of telecommunications universal service in Australia with that in Taiwan to determine how different accountability designs lead to different means of ensuring universal service provision. Following a detailed investigation, this article finds that the consumer sovereignty model used in Australia performs better than the fiduciary trusteeship model in Taiwan in constraining the capture of the regulator by the dominant carrier. Overall, the author argues that, as a social goal, ensuring universal service should rely on both a politically mandated institution and competing regulatory agencies that accommodate different value groups so that a line is drawn between the social and commercial spheres. [source]

    Contested Resources: Unions, Employers, and the Adoption of New Work Practices in US and UK Telecommunications

    BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 3 2007
    Matias Ramirez
    The pattern of adoption of high-performance work practices has been explained in terms of strategic contingency and in terms of union presence. We compare the post-deregulation/privatization changes in work practice at AT&T, Bell Atlantic and British Telecom. On the basis of these cases, we argue that the choice of new work practices should be understood as a consequence not only of the company's resources or changes in its environment, nor of a simple union presence, but also as a consequence of the practices' effects on union power, the nature of the union's engagement, and the union's strategic choices. [source]

    Business,Regulatory Relations: Learning to Play Regulatory Games in European Utility Markets

    GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2005
    DAVID COENArticle first published online: 13 JUN 200
    Although regulation is on the rise in the European Union, the liberalization of the telecommunication and energy markets has not created a uniform European Regulatory model. The principle focus of this article is to examine the interaction and regulatory learning between national regulatory authorities and business in the U.K. and German utility markets to assess the degree of convergence and demonstrate how the regulatory relationship has evolved beyond that envisaged in the initial delegation of powers to the regulator. The article shows that independent regulatory authorities have moved from distant and often confrontational relationships with business to strategic working relationships driven by exchanges of information and reputation building and that regulatory learning and trust have evolved at distinct speeds in sectors and countries depending on the number of regulatory authorities in a market place, the degree to which there are concurrent powers between authorities, their discretion in the consultation process, and the length of time that regulatory authorities had existed. Consequently, significant variance is continuously seen in the business,regulator relationships in comparing the young legalist German regulatory authorities with the established independent and discretion-based regulators in the U.K. [source]

    Effect of Substitution on the Change of Refractive Index in Dithienylethenes: An Ellipsometric Study,

    ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2004
    C. Bertarelli
    Abstract An ellipsometric study was carried out in order to investigate the photoinduced change of the refractive index (,n) of a series of diarylethenes across the entire spectral range 260,1700,nm. This technique allowed examination of the influence of the resonance conditions on the refractive index. Changing the chemical design of diarylethenes by introducing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents in 5,5,-positions of thiophyene allowed derivation of some correlations between chemical structure and ,n. A strong donor substituent directly linked to the 5,5,-position of the diarylethene moiety gave rise to an increase in the change of the refractive index. 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-formyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene phenyl hydrazone showed a large and stable ,n of 0.005 at 1.5,,m and appeared to be a good candidate for the development of telecommunication devices. [source]

    Path finding under uncertainty

    JOURNAL OF ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION, Issue 1 2005
    Anthony Chen
    Path finding problems have many real-world applications in various fields, such as operations research, computer science, telecommunication, transportation, etc. In this paper, we examine three definitions of optimality for finding the optimal path under an uncertain environment. These three stochastic path finding models are formulated as the expected value model, dependent-chance model, and chance-constrained model using different criteria to hedge against the travel time uncertainty. A simulation-based genetic algorithm procedure is developed to solve these path finding models under uncertainties. Numerical results are also presented to demonstrate the features of these stochastic path finding models. [source]

    Travel and communication and international differences in GDP per capita

    JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2007
    Edward Anderson
    Abstract Economic theory predicts that wage and income levels will be higher in those developing countries to which business travel and telecommunication from developed countries is cheaper and easier. Cross-country regression analysis, using data from the World Tourism Organisation and the method of two-stage least squares, supports this prediction. Levels of per capita GDP are higher in those developing countries which receive higher inflows of business travel from other countries, even when controlling for other influences on per capita GDP with which those inflows are correlated. There is also evidence that governments in developing countries can attract higher inflows of business travel from developed countries by investing in travel and communications infrastructure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Effect of Grazing on Restoration of Endemic Dwarf Pine (Pinus culminicola Andresen et Beaman) Populations in Northeastern Mexico

    RESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 1 2005
    J Jiménez
    Abstract A pilot experiment designed to test the effect of cattle, small mammals, and elevation on the success of reforestation of an endemic dwarf pine species in northeastern Mexico was implemented. Pinus culminicola (Andresen et Beaman) grows only in four high peaks in the Sierra Madre Oriental and is under pressure from grazing, wildfires, and human activities such as mining, road development for timber extraction, and telecommunication and aerial navigation devices. We planted and monitored 2-year-old seedlings at three elevations within the natural distribution range of this species at Cerro El Potosí in Nuevo León, Mexico. At each elevation three treatments were established: (1) seedlings protected from cattle plus small mammals, (2) seedlings protected from cattle, and (3) seedlings with free access to cattle and small mammals. Seedling survival was approximately 50% in (1) after 4 years, but there were no surviving seedlings with free access to cattle. Elevation in general did not account for variation in survival. Seedling growth was poor during the 4 years, which implies that seedlings remain susceptible to grazing and trampling by cattle and small mammals. The implications for a large-scale restoration program are discussed. [source]

    Comparison between Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis in Electroencephalograms Modelling

    BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007
    C. Bugli
    Abstract Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a classical technique in statistical data analysis, feature extraction and data reduction, aiming at explaining observed signals as a linear combination of orthogonal principal components. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a technique of array processing and data analysis, aiming at recovering unobserved signals or ,sources' from observed mixtures, exploiting only the assumption of mutual independence between the signals. The separation of the sources by ICA has great potential in applications such as the separation of sound signals (like voices mixed in simultaneous multiple records, for example), in telecommunication or in the treatment of medical signals. However, ICA is not yet often used by statisticians. In this paper, we shall present ICA in a statistical framework and compare this method with PCA for electroencephalograms (EEG) analysis. We shall see that ICA provides a more useful data representation than PCA, for instance, for the representation of a particular characteristic of the EEG named event-related potential (ERP). (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

    The Public Interest in Converging Communications

    ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 4 2000
    Caroline Thomson
    The convergence of broadcasting, telecommunications and computing raises the question of whether the converged markets will continue to meet the public interest. That interest is in seeing the full potential benefits of convergence , including benefits to the economy, to consumers and to society. Neither the marketplace, nor external regulation of the marketplace, will online deliver those benefits to the fullest possible extent. The BBC's role is more important than ever, in helping to ensure that the powers of digital technology are harnessed for the benefit of all. [source]

    The Regulation of Telecommunications in the Czech Republic

    EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 3 2003
    Andrew Skudder
    The rapid development of the telecommunications sector was to act as a catalyst for the general improvement of the entire national economy, whilst at the same time helping the country to meet its policy goal of creating the conditions precedent to its successful integration into the European Union. The purpose of this article is to trace the progress of the Czech telecommunications market to date and to assess the regulatory framework adopted by the Czech government in light of its stated policy goals. After giving a brief history of the development of the market and the corresponding development of a regulatory régime this article shall turn to examine the current legal position after the adoption of the recent Law on which came into force on 1 July 2000. As well as suggesting necessary modifications and amendments due to certain flaws or omissions in the Act, modifications arising from the adoption by the EU of its new regulatory framework for communications shall also be suggested. [source]

    Metal-Free Alkyne Polyhydrothiolation: Synthesis of Functional Poly(vinylenesulfide)s with High Stereoregularity by Regioselective Thioclick Polymerization

    ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 8 2010
    Cathy K. W. Jim
    Abstract A new synthetic route to sulfur-rich polymers has been developed. The alkyne polyhydrothiolations of 4,4,-thiodibenzenethiol (1) and arylene dipropiolates (2,5) mediated by amines proceed at room temperature in a regioselective fashion, furnishing sole anti-Markovnikov products of poly(vinylenesulfide)s (P1/2,P1/5) with high molecular weights (Mw up to 32 300) and high stereoregularities (Z content up to 81.4%) in high yields (up to 98.2%). Polymers P1/2,P1/4 are soluble in common organic solvents. They are optically transparent, allowing almost all visible and IR light to transmit through. Thanks to the high sulfur contents of the polymers, their films show high refractive indices (n,=,1.73,1.70) in the wavelength region of 500,1700 nm as well as high Abbé numbers (,D' up to 539) and low optical dispersions (D' down to 0.002) at wavelengths important for telecommunications. Their refractivities can be further enhanced (n up to 2.06) by metal complexation and their films can be crosslinked by UV irradiation, which enables ready fabrication of fluorescent photopatterns. [source]

    Luminescence of Nanocrystalline Erbium-Doped Yttria

    ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009
    Yuanbing Mao
    Abstract In this paper, the luminescence, including photoluminescence, upconversion and cathodoluminescence, from single-crystalline erbium-doped yttria nanoparticles with an average diameter of 80,nm, synthesized by a molten salt method, is reported. Outstanding luminescent properties, including sharp and well-resolved photoluminescent lines in the infrared region, outstanding green and red upconversion emissions, and excellent cathodoluminescence, are observed from the nanocrystalline erbium-doped yttria. Moreover, annealing by the high power laser results in a relatively large increase in photoluminescent emission intensity without causing spectral line shift. These desirable properties make these nanocrystals promising for applications in display, bioanalysis and telecommunications. [source]

    Ownership, corporate governance and industrial relations in the banking and telecommunications sectors: the case of Greece

    INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010
    Stella ZambarloukouArticle first published online: 10 MAY 2010
    ABSTRACT The article examines how changes in ownership and corporate governance have affected industrial relations systems by drawing on the recent experience of Greece in two sectors: banking and telecommunications. The findings show that despite the seeming institutional stability in industrial relations arrangements, substantive change has taken place in the aforementioned sectors, which has resulted in the decentralisation of bargaining procedures. [source]

    A multi-agent-based negotiation support system for distributed transmission cost allocation

    INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN ACCOUNTING, FINANCE & MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2001
    Yonghe Yan
    We have developed a multi-agent system (MAS), based on the network flow model and KQML, called MASCAN, to support negotiations in the cost allocation of network transmission. This is very important to industries that have different entities connected with lines or pipes, such as the Internet and telecommunications. Such an approach is especially useful to the utility industries, such as electricity and gas, and the transportation industry. In the system, each agent represents a node in a network, for example supplier or consumer. Agents do not receive any centralized controls or information from centralized sources to guarantee autonomy,a key requirement for the agent. In this all decisions are made locally based on the rules or knowledge that each agent has or captured to communicate or coordinate with other agents for the cheapest path under fair-play requirements. We also assume that each agent is rational, that is, one of the goals or objectives of agent decisions or movements is to minimize costs or increase profits. The solution to cost allocation is to search for the equilibrium point of a non-cooperative game subject to the given constraints, for example network capacity. We applied MASCAN to model and support the negotiation of cost allocation in power transmission, and the results and how this approach supported the process of negotiation are perceived to be closer to the real-world negotiation and the outcomes were accepted more easily by the participants. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    Self-Aligned Nanolenses with Multilayered Ge/SiO2 Core/Shell Structures on Si,(001),

    ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 2 2007
    H.-C. Chen
    Selective etching of multilayered Ge-quantum-dot/Si-spacer has been used to fabricate stacked Ge@SiO2 nanolenses with the ability to filter and focus 1.5,,m light. These lenses have potential for use as Si-compatible photodetector materials for telecommunications. The left figure is a schematic sketch of the nanolenses and the right figure is a transmission electron microscopy image of the lenses. [source]

    GPSPA: a new adaptive algorithm for maintaining shortest path routing trees in stochastic networks

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 10 2004
    Sudip Misra
    Abstract This paper presents a new efficient solution to the Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Problem, using the principles of Generalized Pursuit Learning. It proposes an efficient algorithm for maintaining shortest path routing trees in networks that undergo stochastic updates in their structure. It involves finding the shortest path in a stochastic network, where there are continuous probabilistically based updates in link-costs. In vast, rapidly changing telecommunications (wired or wireless) networks, where links go up and down continuously and rapidly, and where there are simultaneous random updates in link costs, the existing algorithms are inefficient. In such cases, shortest paths need to be computed within a very short time (often in the order of microseconds) by scanning and processing the minimal number of nodes and links. The proposed algorithm, referred to as the Generalized Pursuit Shortest Path Algorithm (GPSPA), will be very useful in this regard, because after convergence, it seems to be the best algorithm to-date for this purpose. Indeed, it has the advantage that it can be used to find the shortest path within the ,statistical' average network, which converges irrespective of whether there are new changes in link-costs or not. Existing algorithms are not characterized by such a behaviour inasmuch as they would recalculate the affected shortest paths after each link-cost update. The algorithm has been rigorously evaluated experimentally, and it has been found to be a few orders of magnitude superior to the algorithms available in the literature. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]