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Systemic Increase (systemic + increase)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences60%
Medical Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Localized and Systemic Increase of Phenols in Tomato Roots Induced by Glomus versiforme Inhibits Ralstonia solanacearum

JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2004
H. H. Zhu
Abstract Ralstonia solanacearum is an important plant pathogen in tropical and subtropical countries. Here, we describe the inhibition of R. solanacearum as a result of increased phenols induced locally or systemically by an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus. In pot cultures, R. solanacearum populations in the rhizosphere, on root surfaces and in the xylem were decreased by 26.7, 79.3 and 81.7%, respectively, following inoculation of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with Glomus versiforme Berch. Colonization of the plants by both R. solanacearum and G. versiforme increased the contents of soluble phenols and cell-wall bound phenols in root tissue, but with different patterns. Whereas R. solanacearum preferably promoted the cell-wall bound phenol content, G. versiforme preferably enhanced the soluble phenol content. Split root experiments revealed that R. Solanacearum was inhibited by G. versiforme, and that G. versiforme also increased the phenol content systemically, but to a lesser extent than locally. [source]

Systemic increase in type,I interferon activity in Sjögren's syndrome: A putative role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 7 2008
Manon
Abstract In the salivary glands of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSjS) patients, type,I IFN activity is increased, but systemic levels of type,I IFN proteins are rarely detected. This study focused on the systemic activity of type,I IFN in pSjS, as well as the role of peripheral plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). Monocytes obtained from pSjS patients showed an increased expression of 40,genes. Twenty-three of these genes (58%), including IFI27, IFITM1, IFIT3 and IFI44, were inducible by type,I IFN. pSjS serum had an enhanced capability of inducing IFI27, IFITM1, IFIT3 and IFI44 in the monocytic cell line THP-1, likely due to the action of IFN-,. This effect could be inhibited by blocking the type,I IFN receptor, supporting a high type,I IFN bioactivity in pSjS serum. In addition, circulatory pDC showed increased expression of CD40. This expression was correlated to the expression level of the type,I IFN-regulated genes IFI27 and IFITM1 in monocytes of the same individual. This study indicates that the increased type,I IFN activity observed in pSjS patients is not only a local but also a systemic phenomenon and points to pDC as a possible source of this activity. [source]

Systemic Potato virus YNTN infection and levels of salicylic and gentisic acids in different potato genotypes

PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
-Stres, H. Kre
Endogenous levels of free and conjugated salicylic (SA) and gentisic (GA) acids, both putative signal molecules in plant defence, were analysed in order to investigate their involvement in the resistance of four potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes with different susceptibilities to Potato virus YNTN (PVYNTN) infection: the highly susceptible cv. Igor and its extremely resistant transgenic line, the extremely resistant cv. Sante and the tolerant cv. Pentland Squire. The lowest levels of free and conjugated SA were observed in the extremely resistant cv. Sante, while free GA, which was detected in all the other varieties, was absent. The extremely resistant transgenic cv. Igor contained the highest basal total SA level and the lowest level of total GA of all four cultivars. In susceptible cv. Igor, but not in resistant transgenic cv. Igor, a systemic increase of free SA was measured 1 day postinfection (dpi). Even more significant increases of free and conjugated SA and GA were detected 11 dpi when systemic symptoms appeared. In inoculated but not in upper noninoculated leaves of resistant transgenic cv. Igor, significant increase of SA conjugates occurred, but not before 11 dpi. The increase of SA and GA in susceptible cv. Igor could contribute to the general elevated levels of phenolic compounds as a response to stress caused by virus infection. It appears that basal levels of SA and GA do not correlate with resistance to PVYNTN in potato plants. [source]

Phosphatidic acid activates a wound-activated MAPK in Glycine max

THE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 5 2001
Sumin Lee
Summary Many plant species demonstrate a systemic increase in phosphatidic acid (PA) levels after being wounded (Lee et al., 1997). To understand the role of PA in wound signal transduction, we investigated if PA can activate protein kinases in soybean (Glycine max L.). We found that a MAPK is activated in soybean seedlings in both wounded and neighboring unwounded leaves. The wound-activated soybean kinase is specifically recognized by an antibody against the alfalfa MAPK, SIMK. When PA production is inhibited with n -butanol, an inhibitor of phospholipase D, the wound-induced activation of the MAPK is suppressed, suggesting that an elevation in PA levels is essential for its activation. Supporting this is the observation that exogenous PA activates the MAPK in suspension-cultured soybean cells. Activation of the 49 kDa MAPK occurs almost exclusively by PA, as other lipids are unable to or can only weakly activate the kinase. PA-induced activation of the MAPK is not a direct effect on the kinase but is mediated by upstream kinases. Our results suggest that PA acts as a second messenger in wound-induced MAPK signaling in plants. [source]

Impaired lymphangiogenesis due to excess vascular endothelial growth factor-D/Flt-4 signalling in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
N. Honda
Summary Background, Vascular abnormalities are one of the primary pathological components of systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, it has not been determined if there are also abnormalities in the formation of lymphatic vessels in SSc. Objective, To evaluate lymphangiogenic activity in SSc skin. Methods, The numbers of D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels in skin specimens from healthy control subjects and patients with SSc were counted and compared. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D and Flt-4 (fms-related tyrosine kinase 4, VEGFR-3, one of the receptors for VEGF-D) in the skin. Serum VEGF-D levels were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results, The number of lymphatic vessels in patients with SSc was significantly decreased compared with healthy control subjects. Mean relative transcript levels of FIGF (VEGF-D) and FLT4 (Flt-4) in skin tissue from patients with SSc were significantly increased compared with healthy control subjects. By the analysis of the association between serum VEGF-D levels and the clinical or laboratory features, we found that patients with SSc with higher serum VEGF-D levels more frequently have skin ulcers than those with normal VEGF-D levels. Conclusions, A systemic increase of VEGF-D, as well as local overexpression of FIGF and FLT4, may be the cause of disturbed lymphangiogenesis in SSc skin and play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc. We showed the possibility that regulation of VEGF-D/Flt-4 signalling could lead to new treatment of skin ulcers in SSc by controlling the formation of lymphatic vessels. [source]