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Syncytial Virus Infection (syncytial + virus_infection)
Kinds of Syncytial Virus Infection Selected AbstractsInfluenza A in Young Children with Suspected Respiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 12 2003Marla J. Friedman DO Objectives: To determine the prevalence of influenza A in young children suspected of having respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and to compare the clinical presentation of these patients with those who have proven RSV infection. Methods: Children younger than or at 36 months of age who presented to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with suspected RSV infection during the influenza A season of 2001,2002 were eligible. Eligible children had an RSV antigen test ordered as part of their initial clinical management. A consecutive sample of children was enrolled for prospective observational analysis. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of influenza A in young children with suspected RSV infection. The secondary outcome measure was a comparison of the clinical presentations, of the two groups. Results: During the study period, 420 patients presented for evaluation of respiratory illness. RSV tests were ordered on 251 patients. Of 197 eligible patients, 124 (63%) tested positive for RSV and 33 (17%) for influenza A. Influenza A patients were more likely to have temperatures at or above 39°C than RSV patients (36% vs. 15%; p = 0.01). RSV patients were more tachypneic (54 vs. 43 breaths/minute; p < 0.0001) and more often had wheezing (90% vs. 8%; p < 0.0001). Twenty influenza patients (61%) were hospitalized. Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of influenza A in young children suspected of having RSV infection. Clinicians should consider influenza A in young febrile children presenting with respiratory illnesses. [source] Recent advances in the management and prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infectionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2001A Greenough Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of morbidity, particularly in prematurely born infants who have had chronic lung disease. Current therapy is essentially supportive. Overall, the results of randomized trials do not support the use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids or Ribavirin. Nitric oxide and exogenous surfactant may improve the respiratory status of those infants who require ventilatory support. Nosocomial infection can be reduced by appropriate handwashing. There is no safe and effective vaccine for use in infants. Immunoprophylaxis reduces hospitalization and requirement for intensive care. Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is preferred to RSV immune globulin as the immunoprophylactic agent. Immunoprophylaxis should be reserved for infants at highest risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection, if this strategy is to be used most cost-effectively. [source] Time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infantsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2000CJL Newth No abstract is available for this article. [source] Ability of low-molecular-weight heparin to alleviate proteinuria by inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus infectionNEPHROLOGY, Issue 7 2008YANNAN GUO SUMMARY: Aim: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a negatively charged glycoprotein and has a very similar structure to that of cell surface heparin sulfate (HS). Thus, LMWH, an analog of HS, may inhibit positively charged respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection through cooperative electrostatic association. Methods: In this study, rats were respectively treated with 400 IU/kg LMWH before, during or after being inoculated with 6 × 106 plaque-forming unit (PFU) RSV. RSV and normal control groups were respectively inoculated by RSV and virus-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). HeLa cells in vitro were pretreated with LMWH, elastase (ELA), heparinase (HpaIII) and protamine before being inoculated with 6 × 101 PFU RSV. RSV infectivity was determined by in situ hybridization and plaque assay. Results: After inoculation, the urinary protein excretion and serum parameters in LMWH-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the RSV group. No abnormalities of glomerular structure were observed in LMWH-treated groups whereas swelling and slight hypercellularity in minority glomeruli and foot process effacement were observed in the RSV group. RSV RNA of LMWH-treated rats had weaker expression than that of the RSV group. In vitro, RSV infection in RSV + LMWH, HpaIII + ELAI, protamine + ELAI, ELAI, HpaIII and protamine treatment cells were significantly lower than that of the RSV control, and that in RSV + LMWH was the least. There were no significant differences in RSV infection between ELAI + LMWH and RSV control. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that there is a correlation between RSV and proteinuria in rats. LMWH can alleviate proteinuria in rats through inhibiting RSV from binding with HS which plays an important role in the onset of RSV infection. [source] Arrhythmias associated with respiratory syncytial virus infectionPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 11 2005STEPHEN D. PLAYFOR MD Summary A 7-week-old infant with respiratory syncytial virus infection abruptly developed complex cardiac arrhythmias in association with a low serum magnesium level. The arrhythmias were successfully treated with a single intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. The child was subsequently found to have a significant atrial septal defect. [source] Nerve growth factor mediates steroid-resistant inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus infection,,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 6 2007Lida Mohtasham MD Abstract Neurotrophic factors and receptors are upregulated in the respiratory tract of humans and rodents infected by the respiratory syncytial virus, leading to airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. The contribution of neurotrophic pathways to the recruitment of immuno-inflammatory cells and their response to anti-inflammatory therapy remains unclear. We sought to determine whether selective nerve growth factor inhibition prevents the immuno-inflammatory response against infection, and explored the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on virus-induced neurotrophic upregulation and the consequent recruitment of immuno-inflammatory cells into the airways. We tried to inhibit the recruitment of lymphocytes and monocytes into the airways of infected weanling rats using immunologic inhibition of nerve growth factor with a specific blocking antibody, or chemical inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase with K252a. The anti-inflammatory activity of inhaled corticosteroids was studied in infected rats treated with budesonide, fluticasone, or vehicle. Immunological or chemical inhibition of nerve growth factor or its high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase pathway inhibited the recruitment of inflammatory cells triggered by nociceptive irritation of infected rat airways, thereby reducing local and systemic immuno-inflammatory responses against the virus. Neurotrophic upregulation in infected airways was not affected by inhaled corticosteroids. As a logical consequence, these commonly used drugs were also unable to stop the recruitment of immune and inflammatory effector cells into infected airways. Overexpression of neurotrophic factors and receptors in airways infected by respiratory syncytial virus is critical for the development of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity, which is resistant to the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:496,504. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Respiratory syncytial virus infection and prophylaxis with palivizumab in immunosuppressed children: The experience of a large Italian neonatal care settingPEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 4 2007Paolo Manzoni No abstract is available for this article. [source] Serum regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted concentrations and eosinophils in respiratory syncytial virus infectionPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2006YUKIHIKO KAWASAKI Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to characterize respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. To do this, the authors evaluated eosinophil counts and chemokines including regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) in children with RSV, adenoviral, and influenza virus infections. Methods: The authors enrolled 80 patients who had been diagnosed with acute viral respiratory infection caused by RSV, adenoviral, or influenza viruses. In total, 35 patients (Group A) had RSV infection, 18 (Group B) had adenoviral infection, and 27 (Group C) had influenza virus infection. The authors evaluated clinical manifestations, white blood cell and eosinophil counts, and serum chemokines including RANTES concentrations in the acute and recovery phases in each group. Results: In recovery phase, eosinophil counts were higher in Group A than Groups B and C. In Group A, eosinophil counts were higher in recovery phase than in the acute phase. In Group A, serum RANTES concentration was significantly higher in the recovery phase than in the acute phase (132 ± 76 pg/mL vs 52 ± 25 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that high values of RANTES in children with RSV infection may be associated with the presence of eosinophils and be an important mediator of inflammatory response. [source] Respiratory syncytial virus infection and immunoprophylaxis for selected high-risk children in Central AustraliaAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 5 2005Srinivas Bolisetty Abstract Background:,There are limited data on the epidemiology and viral aetiology of bronchiolitis in Central Australia and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis in an Australian population. Objective:,To (i) determine the incidence and the viral aetiology of bronchiolitis hospitalisations and (ii) report on the usage of RSV immunoprophylaxis in selected high-risk infants and children in Central Australia. Methodology:,A retrospective review was performed of all hospital separations for bronchiolitis for a three-year period, 1998,2000. Respiratory viruses in the nasopharyngeal aspirates were identified from the cases in the year 2000. A combined retrospective chart review and prospective follow up study was undertaken of all the infants and children who received RSV immunoprophylaxis at the Alice Springs Hospital, Central Australia. Results:,Incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalisation in infants for 1998, 1999 and 2000 were 176, 200 and 180 per 1000, respectively. Nine high-risk children had RSV immunoprophylaxis on a total of 46 occasions and there were two mild RSV-related illnesses in them. None had severe lower respiratory tract illness. Conclusion:,The incidence of bronchiolitis in Central Australia is extremely high. The usage of RSV immunoprophylaxis may be justified in selected high-risk children living in high endemic areas. [source] Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with aerosolized ribavirin and the humanized monoclonal antibody palivizumab: a single centre experienceBRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Dimitris A. Tsitsikas No abstract is available for this article. [source] Increased prevalence of otitis media following respiratory syncytial virus infectionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2010S Kristjánsson Abstract Aim:, The aim of this study was to analyse whether, during the 18 months following a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants, there were differences in the prevalence of common infections such as acute otitis media (AOM), compared with controls. We also wanted to see whether passive smoking could be a contributory factor. Methods:, In a longitudinal study, 33 children who attended the emergency room with an RSV infection (age ,7 months) were compared with 37 age-matched controls recruited from routine infant check-ups. The 18-month follow-up consisted of a questionnaire focusing on environmental factors and the child's health during the last 12 months. An allergy skin prick test (SPT) was performed and venous blood was obtained. Results:, The prevalence of AOM and the use of antibiotics were higher in the RSV group than in the controls (p = 0.009 and p = 0.027 respectively). The number of AOMs and the use of antibiotics correlated, r = 0.8. In the RSV group, one or both parents smoked in 52% compared with 14% in the controls (p < 0.001). There were no differences in allergy SPT results. Conclusion:, The infants with RSV infection had AOM and were prescribed antibiotics more frequently during the follow-up period. Furthermore, smoking was far more common among the parents of the RSV group. We speculate that passive smoking could be a contributory factor to the infections noted here. [source] Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) serum levels in infants during respiratory syncytial virus infectionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2009Sofi Johansson No abstract is available for this article. [source] Pitfalls in the design and analysis of paediatric clinical trials: a case of a ,failed' multi-centre study, and potential solutionsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2009Johanna H Van Der Lee Abstract Aim: To increase awareness of possible pitfalls in the design and analysis of a multi-centre randomized clinical trial and to give an overview of alternative study designs and their consequences for power analyses in case of limited availability of trial participants. Methods: Investigation of the assumptions in the power calculation and re-analysis of the original data of a ,failed' trial on the effect of dexamethasone on the duration of mechanical ventilation in young children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Use of ,boundaries approach' is explored using the data from this trial. A comprehensive overview of the various modern solutions for the design of a subsequent trial in this field is given. Results: Two frequent major deficiencies of trial design and data analysis are reviewed in depth, i.e. too optimistic assumptions for the sample size calculation and failure to adjust for centre effects. Conclusion: Critical review of trial assumptions and if necessary sample size recalculation based on an internal pilot by a data monitoring committee is recommended to maximize the probability of obtaining conclusive results. [source] Respiratory syncytial virus infection provokes airway remodelling in allergen-exposed mice in absence of prior allergen sensitizationCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 7 2008Article first published online: 8 JUL 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Serum concentrations of interferon-, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 eight years after an early respiratory syncytial virus infectionCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 1 2005H. Juntti Summary Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may influence the development of recurrent wheezing and atopy, but the mechanisms are unclear. Objective The purpose was to evaluate serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), CD14, IgE, IL-5 and IFN-, in children 6,10 years after an RSV infection and their correlation with subsequent asthma and atopy. Methods Fifty-one subjects admitted to hospital for RSV infection during the first year of life and controls matched for birth date and sex underwent clinical examinations including lung function, skin prick and blood tests. Results The RSV subjects had significantly higher serum concentrations of IFN-, and sICAM-1 than the controls (for IFN-, 224.9 pg/mL (standard deviation (SD) 271.3) vs. 187.1 pg/mL (372.9), difference 37.8 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) ,90.3 to 166.0, P=0.05; for sICAM-1 170.2 ng/mL (SD 63) vs. 147.8 ng/mL (SD 57), difference 22.4 ng/mL, 95% CI ,1.4 to 46.1, P=0.04). The RSV subjects with asthma had significantly higher concentrations of IFN-, than the controls with asthma, and the RSV subjects with wheezing during the previous 12 months had significantly higher concentrations of both IFN-, and sICAM-1 than the controls with wheezing. Conclusions Children hospitalized for RSV infection in infancy still differ in IFN-, and sICAM-1 production 6,10 years after the infection. The data suggest that the pathomechanism of asthma and wheezing after an early RSV infection may be different from that of children without an early RSV infection. [source] | ||||||||||