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Syringe
Terms modified by Syringe Selected AbstractsSuction Device for Epidermal Grafting in Vitiligo: Employing a Syringe and a Manometer to Provide an Adequate Negative PressureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2000Han-uk Kim MD Background. Suction devices for epidermal grafting need a suction pump to provide a negative pressure. The authors have developed a suction device in which a syringe and a manometer are employed to provide a negative pressure. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of our suction device in vitiligo patients. Methods. The suction device was used to obtain epidermal blisters from the donor site. A CO2 laser was employed to remove the depigmented epidermis. The blister roofs of the donor site were harvested and were placed onto the recipient area. Ten patients with stable vitiligo were treated by epidermal grafting. Results. Epidermal blisters were produced by suction in all patients. Also, all 10 patients regained repigmentation. Conclusion. Our suction blister device is simple and inexpensive to make, and it may become an alternative to the other suction devices. [source] Determination of the binding constant between alprostadil and alpha-cyclodextrin by capillary electrophoresis: Implications for a freeze-dried formulationJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 7 2005Benjamin R. Schipper Abstract The binding constant between alprostadil (PGE1) and ,-cyclodextrin (,-CD) was determined at three temperatures by capillary electrophoresis. ,-CD is an excipient material in Caverject Dual Chamber Syringe (DCS), added to enhance stability. The binding constant was used to calculate the amount of PGE1 free upon reconstitution and injection, the latter of which is critical to product performance. Measurement was made in a pH 7.2 separation buffer to ensure a negative charge on PGE1. The concentration of PGE1 was fixed while the concentration of ,-CD was varied over a suitable range. As the amount of PGE1 bound to ,-CD increases, the weighted average of the resultant mobility decreases, thereby allowing a binding isotherm to be generated from which the stability constant was extracted via nonlinear regression analysis. A value of 708,±,64 M,1 was obtained at 27°C, while at physiological temperature (37°C) the value was 537,±,27 M,1. These results compare favorably to values previously obtained by NMR. Calculation of the percent PGE1 free upon reconstitution and injection show it to be near the desired outcome of 100%. Hence, we were able to conclude that the amount of free drug delivered by Caverject DCS is nominally the same as for Caverject S. Po., an earlier-developed product that contains no ,-CD. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 94:1528,1537, 2005 [source] In response to ,Syringe labelling in critical care areas', Souter A, Anaesthesia 2003; 58: 713.ANAESTHESIA, Issue 11 2003W. J. Russell No abstract is available for this article. [source] Hepatitis C virus risk behaviors within the partnerships of young injecting drug usersADDICTION, Issue 7 2010Judith A. Hahn ABSTRACT Aims Young injection drug users (IDU) are at high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV). We sought to determine whether perceiving one's injecting partner to be HCV positive was associated with decreased odds of engaging in receptive needle/syringe sharing (RNS) or ancillary equipment sharing (AES) with that partner. Design Cross sectional study. Setting 2003 to 2007 in San Francisco. Participants 212 young (under age 30) IDU who were HCV antibody negative reported on 492 injecting partnerships. Measurements Self-reported RNS and AES within injecting partnerships. Findings RNS and AES (in the absence of RNS) occurred in 23% and 64% of injecting partnerships in the prior month. The odds of engaging in RNS were significantly lower for relationships in which the participant reported that his/her partner was HCV positive (odds ratio [OR] 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25,0.95). This association was attenuated when adjusted for reusing one's own needle/syringe (adjusted OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.28,1.15). The odds of engaging in AES were lower for participants who did not know the HCV status of their partner, only among non-sexual partnerships (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.29,0.76). Conclusions Because perceiving one's partner to be HCV positive was associated with decreased RNS, increased HCV testing and partner disclosure may be warranted. AES was common and was decreased only among non-sexual partnerships in which the HCV status of the partner was not known. This suggests that interventions to reduce AES in young IDU must be widespread. [source] Injecting 1000 Centistoke Liquid Silicone With Ease and PrecisionDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2003Anthony V. Benedetto DO, FACP BACKGROUND Since the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the 1000 centistoke liquid silicone, Silikon 1000, for intraocular injection, the off-label use of this injectable silicone oil as a permanent soft-tissue filler for facial rejuvenation has increased in the United States. Injecting liquid silicone by the microdroplet technique is the most important preventive measure that one can use to avoid the adverse sequelae of silicone migration and granuloma formation, especially when injecting silicone to improve small facial defects resulting from acne scars, surgical procedures, or photoaging. OBJECTIVE To introduce an easy method for injecting a viscous silicone oil by the microdroplet technique, using an inexpensive syringe and needle that currently is available from distributors of medical supplies in the United States. METHOD We suggest the use of a Becton Dickinson 3/10 cc insulin U-100 syringe to inject Silikon 1000. This syringe contains up to 0.3 mL of fluid, and its barrel is clearly marked with an easy-to-read scale of large cross-hatches. Each cross-hatch marking represents either a unit value of 0.01 mL or a half-unit value of 0.005 mL of fluid, which is the approximate volume preferred when injecting liquid silicone into facial defects. Because not enough negative pressure can be generated in this needle and syringe to draw up the viscous silicone oil, we describe a convenient and easy method for filling this 3/10 cc diabetic syringe with Silikon 1000. RESULTS We have found that by using the Becton Dickinson 3/10 cc insulin U-100 syringe, our technique of injecting minute amounts of Silikon 1000 is facilitated because each widely spaced cross-hatch on the side of the syringe barrel is easy to read and measures exact amounts of the silicone oil. These lines of the scale on the syringe barrel are so large and clearly marked that it is virtually impossible to overinject the most minute amount of silicone. CONCLUSION Sequential microdroplets of 0.01 cc or less of Silikon 1000 can be measured and injected with the greatest ease and precision so that inadvertent overdosing and complications can be avoided. [source] Current Concepts of Fat Graft Survival: Histology of Aspirated Adipose Tissue and Review of the LiteratureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2000Boris Sommer MD Background. Controversy remains about the longevity of correction in autologous fat grafts and its relation to adipocyte survival. Reported long-term fat graft survival rates differ widely, depending on harvesting method, means of reinjection, injection site, and evaluation methods. Objective. To demonstrate histologic findings of aspirated adipose tissue and compare the findings to the reports in the literature. Methods. Review of the literature and the histology of transplanted fat 7 years after subcutaneous implantation and trypan blue staining to determine the vitality of defrosted adipocytes. Results. Fat cells survive aspiration with a suction machine or syringe equally well. Use of a liposuction cannula or 14-gauge needle gives comparable results. Local anesthesia or tumescent local anesthesia is recommended for the donor site, preferably with addition of epinephrine. Conclusion. Clinical longevity of correction after autologous fat transfer is determined by the degree of augmentation resulting from the amount of fibrosis induced and the number of viable fat cells. Survival of aspirated fat cell grafts depends mainly on the anatomic site, the mobility and vascularity of the recipient tissue, or underlying causes and diseases, and less on harvesting and reinjection methods. [source] Suction Device for Epidermal Grafting in Vitiligo: Employing a Syringe and a Manometer to Provide an Adequate Negative PressureDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 7 2000Han-uk Kim MD Background. Suction devices for epidermal grafting need a suction pump to provide a negative pressure. The authors have developed a suction device in which a syringe and a manometer are employed to provide a negative pressure. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of our suction device in vitiligo patients. Methods. The suction device was used to obtain epidermal blisters from the donor site. A CO2 laser was employed to remove the depigmented epidermis. The blister roofs of the donor site were harvested and were placed onto the recipient area. Ten patients with stable vitiligo were treated by epidermal grafting. Results. Epidermal blisters were produced by suction in all patients. Also, all 10 patients regained repigmentation. Conclusion. Our suction blister device is simple and inexpensive to make, and it may become an alternative to the other suction devices. [source] Biological bases of face preference in 6-week-old infantsDEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2003Elliott M. Blass Six-week-old infants (N =40) who started the experiment in either a calm or crying state, received sucrose from an experimenter, while in eye contact with her. Sucrose was delivered either by syringe or on a pacifier. After 3.5 min., the experimenter retired, the mother came into the test room and placed her infant over her shoulder en face with a video camera. The experimenter and a confederate, both dressed identically, sat in front of and slightly to either side of the infant and the infant could choose to look at either experimenter. To minimize position bias, experimenters switched sides every 30 sec. To maintain a stable level of infant attention, they simultaneously called the baby's name at 10 sec. intervals. When an infant looked at one or the other experimenters, she raised her thumb in camera view. Only crying infants who sucked a sweet pacifier showed a preference for their experimenter. As a group none of the other infants did so. However, there was a wide distribution of sucking times in calm week 6 infants. Choice was linearly related to sucking duration. Infants who sucked for substantial periods of time, showed a strong preference for the experimenter. Those who sucked for minimal periods of time strongly preferred the confederate. Based on these findings and ones from 9- and 12-week-old infants, a model is presented in which preference in this experimental paradigm is determined by idealized levels of central activation. These levels may be inferred from the normal crying function at a particular age. [source] Liesegang rings in fine needle aspirate of breast cysts with predominance of apocrine cells: A study of 14 casesDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2008F.I.A.C., Raj K. Gupta M.D. Abstract Fine needle aspirate (FNA) from 14 cases (age range 17,84 years), with Liesegang rings (LR's) in breast cysts seen over a period of 26 years comprised the material of this study from more than 38,000 FNA's of the breast which had been done for a variety of breast lesions. In six of the 14 cases, the aspirate was obtained under ultrasound guidance whereas in the remaining cases it was collected from a palpable lesion. The aspiration was performed using a 22 gauge needle and the syringe and needle contents were washed in a cytology container with 30% ethyl alcohol in physiologic saline. The cytologic preparations from half of the sample were made on a 5 micron Schleicher and Schuell filter and stained by Papanicolaou method whereas from the remainder of the sample a cell block was made and sections cut, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and used for immunohistochemical study. Filter preparations and cell blocks revealed cyanophilic, spherical, ring-like structures of various sizes and shape mostly with double walls, and striations with amorphous material in the lumen and under polarized light were nonrefractile. Seen also were several apocrine cells and some macrophages and the LR's were found to be negative on immunostains for EMA and CK, and a panel of other special stains (Table I). Since LR's can be mistaken for ova, larvae, or parasites, it is important to be aware of their potential presence in aspirate samples of breast cysts to avoid a misdiagnosis. The exact mechanism of formation of LR's is not fully understood and certain views as proposed are discussed in this presentation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:701,704. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Micro-reactor for transesterification of plant seed oilsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Phattaraporn Kaewkool Abstract The fatty acid compositions of vegetable or other plant seed oils are generally determined by gas chromatography (GC). Methyl esters (the most volatile derivatives) are the preferred derivatives for GC analysis. Esters of higher alcohols are good for the separation of volatile and positional isomers. All the esters of the C1,C8 alcohols of vegetable oils were silmilarly prepared by passing the reaction mixture containing the desired alcohol, oil and tetrahydrofuran through the micro-reactor (a 3-mL dispossible syringe packed with 0.5,g of NaOH powder). The reaction products were acidified with acetic acid and the mixture was analyzed by high-performance size exclusion chromatography and GC. Transesterification was quantitative for primary alcohols, but an appreciable amount of free fatty acids was formed for secondary alcohols. Coriander seed oil was quantitatively esterified with 2-ethyl 1-hexanol with the micro-reactor in less than 1,min. Oleic and petroselinic acid 2-ethyl 1-hexyl esters are baseline separated on an Rtx-2330 capillary column (30,m×0.25,mm, 0.25,µm film thickness). [source] A Simple Pore Water Hydrogen Diffusion Syringe SamplerGROUND WATER, Issue 6 2007Don A. Vroblesky Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an important intermediate product and electron donor in microbial metabolism. Concentrations of dissolved H2 are often diagnostic of the predominant terminal electron-accepting processes in ground water systems or aquatic sediments. H2 concentrations are routinely measured in ground water monitoring wells but are rarely measured in saturated aquatic sediments due to a lack of simple and practical sampling methods. This report describes the design and development (including laboratory and field testing) of a simple, syringe-based H2 sampler in (1) saturated, riparian sediments, (2) surface water bed sediments, and (3) packed intervals of a fractured bedrock borehole that are inaccessible by standard pumped methods. [source] Tandem dialyzers with dual monitors to meet Kt/V targetsHEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2005N. Sridhar Objective:,A large body mass and/or a poorly functioning vascular access predispose to inadequate Kt/V. Double dialyzers in parallel and tandem have been shown to enhance Kt/V to levels recommended by K/DOQI. We experienced difficulties with unintended excessive ultrafitration (UF), positive transmembrane pressure (TMP)-triggered pump stoppage, need for large volume saline infusion (inflating Kt/V), and a high incidence of clotting of the second dialyzer in tandem. Since blood and dialysate flow rates are higher in the tandem configuration, Kt/V should be theoretically higher. We developed a technique of using the tandem configuration with two monitors in which all the UF could be limited to the second dialyzer, the TMP of the two dialyzers independently controlled, TMP reversal eliminated, and saline infusion and unintended UF minimized. Methods:,3 large male patients with AV grafts (AVG) and 2 with tunneled catheters (TC) had 7 treatments (with Kt/V and URR calculated using the stop-flow technique in the last 5) sessions of each of single, double parallel, and tandem configurations. Blood (Qb) and dialysate-flow (Qd) were halved with Y-connectors in the parallel configuration. Qb through both dialyzers and Qd through the second were controlled with the first monitor and Qd (TMP set to near zero) through the first dialyzer controlled with the second monitor using recirculating saline through its blood pump (with the "venous" pressure adjusted using an air-filled syringe) in the tandem configuration. The patient's blood did not circulate through the blood-pump of the first machine. Qd was 500 ml/min through each dialyzer in the single and tandem and 250 ml/min in the parallel configurations. Processed blood volume (dialysis time) was exactly 85 L with AVG and 60 L with TC. Heparin dosage was constant. ANOVA, 2 × k tables, and Neuman-Keuls test were used in analyzing data. Results:,Mean Kt/V (%URR) increased from 1.15 (62) with single to 1.35 (68) with parallel (p < 0.02) and 1.48 (71) with tandem (p < 0.001) dialyzers in patients with AVG but not TC [1.05 (58), 1.02 (55), and 1.25 (64) with single, parallel, and tandem, respectively]. Tandem dialyzers met targets for URR (p < 0.001) and Kt/V ( p < 0.05) more frequently than parallel with AVG but not TC. Conclusions:,Tandem dialyzers with 2 monitors are more successful than parallel dialyzers in delivering target Kt/V and URR when Qb is not compromised. [source] Ex vivo assessment of irrigant penetration and renewal during the cleaning and shaping of root canals: a digital subtraction radiographic studyINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010F. Bronnec Bronnec F, Bouillaguet S, Machtou P.Ex vivo assessment of irrigant penetration and renewal during the cleaning and shaping of root canals: a digital subtraction radiographic study. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 275,282, 2010. Abstract Aim, To assess radiographically irrigant penetration in the root canal system of curved roots during root canal shaping procedures ex vivo. Methodology, Thirty extracted mandibular molar teeth with moderate to severe curvature were used. A special aiming device was used to guarantee that each successive radiograph was taken with the same positioning. The mesiolingual canal of each tooth was instrumented using the ProTaper system. For each step of the shaping procedure, two irrigation modalities were repeated in the same order. Active irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium diatrizoate solution (Hypaque 50%) immediately followed by agitation with a size 08 K-file. Passive irrigation consisted of a 0.5-mL flush of sodium hypochlorite solution delivered with a syringe through a 27-gauge notched tip needle. A digital radiograph was taken after each modality and stored on computer for subsequent digital subtraction and measures of the depths of irrigant penetration. Comparisons were performed within an analysis-of-variance framework in a repeated-measures approach. Results, The penetration of irrigants was significantly greater for each successive step of the shaping procedure when the two modalities were analysed separately (P < 0.001). The difference between the two modalities was statistically significant for each step of the shaping procedure (P < 0.0001). Conclusions, Shaping root canals improved both penetration and exchange of irrigant inside the root canal system. Complete renewal of the solution was impossible to achieve with a conventional syringe delivery system and a limited volume of solution. Recapitulation with a K-file after flushing improved irrigant penetration. [source] Measurement of pressure and flow rates during irrigation of a root canal ex vivo with three endodontic needlesINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 7 2007C. Boutsioukis Abstract Aim, To monitor ex vivo intra-canal irrigation with three endodontic needles (25, 27 and 30 gauge) and compare them in terms of irrigant flow rate, intra-barrel pressure, duration of irrigation and volume of irrigant delivered. Methodology, A testing system was constructed to allow measurement of selected variables with pressure and displacement transducers during ex vivo intra-canal irrigation with a syringe and three different needles (groups A, B, C) into a prepared root canal. Ten specialist endodontists performed the irrigation procedure. Each operator performed ten procedures with each needle. Data recorded by the transducers were analysed using Friedman's test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Mann,Whitney U -test and Kendall's Tb test. The level of significance was set to 95%. Results, Significant differences were detected among the three needles for most variables. Duration of delivery and flow rates significantly decreased as the needle diameter increased, whilst pressure increased up to 400,550 kPa. Gender of the operator had a significant impact on the results. Experience of the operators (years) were negatively correlated to volume of irrigant (all groups), to the duration of delivery (groups A, B) and to the average flow rate (group A). Conclusions, Finer diameter needles require increased effort to deliver the irrigant and result in higher intra-barrel pressure. The syringe and needles used tolerated the pressure developed. Irrigant flow rate should be considered as a factor directly influencing flow beyond the needle. Wide variations of flow rate were observed among operators. Syringe irrigation appears difficult to standardize and control. [source] Pressures generated in vitro during Stabident intraosseous injectionsINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 5 2005J. M. Whitworth Abstract Aim, To test the hypothesis that the Stabident intraosseous injection is a potentially high-pressure technique, which carries serious risks of anaesthetic cartridge failure. Methodology, A standard Astra dental syringe was modified to measure the internal pressure of local anaesthetic cartridges during injection. Intra-cartridge pressures were measured at 1 s intervals during slow (approximately 15 s) and rapid (<10 s) injections of 2% Xylocaine with 1 : 80 000 adrenaline (0.25 cartridge volumes) into air (no tissue resistance), or into freshly prepared Stabident perforation sites in the anterior mandible of freshly culled young and old sheep (against tissue resistance). Each injection was repeated 10 times over 3 days. Absolute maximum pressures generated by each category of injection, mean pressures at 1 s intervals in each series of injections, and standard deviations were calculated. Curves of mean maximum intra-cartridge pressure development with time were plotted for slow and rapid injections, and one-way anova (P < 0.05) conducted to determine significant differences between categories of injection. Results, Pressures created when injecting into air were less than those needed to inject into tissue (P < 0.001). Fast injection produced greater intra-cartridge pressures than slow delivery (P < 0.05). Injection pressures rose more quickly and to higher levels in small, young sheep mandibles than in larger, old sheep mandibles. The absolute maximum intra-cartridge pressure developed during the study was 3.31 MPa which is less than that needed to fracture glass cartridges. Conclusions, Stabident intraosseous injection conducted in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions does not present a serious risk of dangerous pressure build-up in local anaesthetic cartridges. [source] Children's prescription medicines: parents' perceptions on dosing intervals, dosing devices and prescription adviceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, Issue 1 2007Dr. Therése Kairuz senior lecturer, pharmacy practice Objective To gather information on devices used to administer liquid medicines, dosing intervals for antibiotic administration, and parents' perceptions of the advice received from pharmacists about prescription medicines, for children up to the age of six years. Setting Six schools from different socio-economic areas were selected within the Auckland area of New Zealand. To facilitate distribution and collection of questionnaires, the headmaster or a teacher was known to the researchers. Method An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to year 1 and 2 students (aged five and six years) to take home for completion by a parent or primary caregiver. Respondents were asked to refer to their youngest child and/or to the last time they had given medicines or received a prescription for a child. Key findings A total of 299 completed questionnaires were received (48.2%); 60 questionnaires had not been distributed by school teachers in error, and the overall return rate was thus adjusted to 53.4%. The device used most frequently to administer medicines to younger children up to the age of three years was an oral medicine syringe, while nearly one-third of children aged three to six years received medicine in a ,teaspoon'. Almost half the respondents (48.8%) indicated they would be most likely to forget the midday dose of antibiotics, and dosing deviated from recommended intervals. Most respondents had received advice from a pharmacist on how to take the medicine, and had understood instructions and had the opportunity to ask questions. Conclusion This study highlights areas that pharmacists can include when advising parents and guardians about children's medicines, such as ideal dosing intervals of antibiotics and the use of accurate dosing devices. [source] Sonographic examination of the oral phase of swallowing: Bolus image enhancementJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 2 2002Michael J. Casas DDS Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of 4 liquid boluses to enhance pixel brightness and the ease with which the boluses could be identified during the sonographic evaluation of oral swallowing in healthy young adults. Methods Ten healthy adult volunteers (5 men and 5 women), ranging in age from 21 to 31 years, underwent sonographic evaluation of the oral phase of swallowing while sitting in their usual feeding position. We compared the ability of the 4 following liquids to improve sonographic visualization of swallowing with that of water: a carbonated cola beverage, 5.0 ml of Thick-It in 120 ml of water, 2.5 ml of Thick-It in 120 ml of water, and 7.5 ml of confectioners' sugar in 120 ml of water. Water was used as a control. In each case, 5 ml of the liquid was introduced into the subject's oral cavity using a syringe, and the subject was instructed to swallow. Digitized still images and recorded video sequences of sonographic examinations of the swallowing were analyzed. The brightness of the bolus image on selected digitized video frames was measured digitally using Image Analyst software. Pixel brightness within selected regions of interest for each of the test liquids was statistically compared with that for water. Seven clinicians rated the visualization of each test liquid and water on paired sonographic videotape sequences. These ratings and the level of agreement between them were statistically tested. Results Only the carbonated cola beverage demonstrated statistically greater pixel brightness than that of water on digitized video frames (p = 0.01), whereas both cola (with a moderate inter-rater agreement, , = 0.50) and 5.0 ml Thick-It mixed with 120 ml of water (with a fair inter-rater agreement, , = 0.24) were significantly better visualized on sonographic video sequences. Conclusions The digital still-frame analysis confirmed the clinicians' ratings of bolus visualization on real-time sonography, but dynamic sonography is more important than still frames in assessing sonographic swallow media because the dynamic images more closely parallel what is seen in clinical practice. Future investigations of sonographic contrast agents for use in the examination of the oral phase of swallowing should use both static digital (still-frame) and dynamic (real-time) assessment methods, as well as expert reviewers. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:83,87, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcu.10034 [source] Direct Dentin Bonding Technique Sensitivity When Using Air/Suction Drying StepsJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2008PASCAL MAGNE DMD ABSTRACT Statement of Problem:, Moisture control before and after application of the primer/adhesive components of etch-and-rinse dentin bonding agents is usually achieved using a stream of air delivered by an air syringe. Suction drying with a suction tip is a common alternative for moisture control, but data about the use of suction drying instead of the air syringe is scarce or nonexistent. Purpose:, The purpose of this study was to compare the dentin microtensile bond strength (MTBS) using either the air syringe or the suction tip to control the amount of moisture. Materials and Methods:, Fifteen freshly extracted human molars were divided randomly into three groups of five. A three-step etch-and-rinse dentin bonding agent (OptiBond FL) was used. Group 1 was the control group and utilized air drying alone (with an air syringe) during the placement of the dentin adhesive on the ground-flat occlusal dentin surface. Group 2 also used air drying alone, but teeth were prepared with a standardized MOD cavity. Group 3 utilized suction drying alone in the standardized MOD cavity. All teeth were restored with 1.5-mm-thick horizontal increments of composite resin (Filtek Z100). Specimens were stored in water for 24 hours, then prepared for a nontrimming MTBS test. Bond strength data were analyzed with a Kruskal,Wallis test at p < 0.05. Specimens were also evaluated for mode of fracture and interface characterization using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Results:, The mean MTBSs were not statistically different from one another (p = 0.54) at 54.0 MPa (air-drying, flat dentin), 53.4 MPa (air-drying, MOD), and 49.2 MPa (suction drying, MOD). Microscopic evaluation of failure modes indicated that most failures were interfacial. Failed interfaces, when analyzed under SEM, appeared typically mixed with areas of failed adhesive resin and areas of cohesively failed dentin. Conclusions:, There are no differences in MTBS to human dentin using either the air syringe or the suction tip to control the amount of moisture. The conventional three-step dentin bonding agent used in the present study not only proved insensitive to the moisture-control method but also to the effect of increased polymerization shrinkage stress (ground-flat versus MOD preparation). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although the effect of common errors on the performance of total-etch adhesives has been investigated, data about the use of suction drying instead of an air syringe is scarce or nonexistent. The present study demonstrated that both the air syringe and the suction tip can be used to control moisture when using etch-and-rinse dentin bonding agents. The conventional three-step dentin bonding agent tested, OptiBond FL, demonstrated low technique sensitivity. [source] Wound infiltration with magnesium sulphate and ropivacaine mixture reduces postoperative tramadol requirements after radical prostatectomyACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2009P. TAUZIN-FIN Purpose: This prospective, randomized, double-dummy study was undertaken to compare the effects of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) administered by the intravenous vs. the infiltration route on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. Methods: Forty ASA I or II men scheduled for radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anaesthesia were randomized into two groups (n=20 each). Two medication sets A and B were prepared at the pharmacy. Each set contained a minibag of 50 ml solution for IV infusion and a syringe of 45 ml for wound infiltration. Group MgSO4.IV patients received set A with 50 mg/kg MgSO4 in the minibag and 190 mg of ropivacaine in the syringe. Group MgSO4/L received set B with isotonic saline in the minibag and 190 mg of ropivacaine +750 mg of MgSO4 in the syringe. The IV infusion was performed over 30 min at induction of anaesthesia and the surgical wound infiltration was performed during closure. Pain was assessed every 4 h, using a 100-point visual analogue scale (VAS). Postoperative analgesia was standardized using IV paracetamol (1 g/6 h) and tramadol was administered via a patient-controlled analgesia system. The follow-up period was 24 h. Results: The total cumulative tramadol consumption was 221 ± 64.1 mg in group MgSO4.IV and 134 ± 74.9 mg in group MgSO4.L (P<0.01). VAS pain scores were equivalent in the two groups throughout the study. No side-effects, due to systemic or local MgSO4 administration, were observed. Conclusion: Co-administration of MgSO4 with ropivacaine for postoperative infiltration analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy produces a significant reduction in tramadol requirements. [source] Circulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in relation to sampling methods, femoral and carotid atherosclerosisJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2008F. J. Olson Abstract. Objectives., To examine whether circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were associated with ultrasound-assessed intima-media thickness (IMT) and echolucent plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries. To examine preanalytical sources of variability in MMP-9 concentrations related to sampling procedures. Subjects and design., Plasma and serum MMP-9 levels were compared with ultrasound assessed measures of femoral and carotid atherosclerosis, in a cross-sectional study of 61-year-old men (n = 473). Preanalytical sources of variability in MMP-9 levels were examined in 10 healthy subjects. Main outcome measures were circulating levels of MMP-9 in serum and plasma, IMT of the carotid and femoral arteries, and plaque status based on size and echolucency. Setting., Research unit at university hospital. Results., Plasma concentrations of total and active MMP-9 were associated with femoral artery IMT independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and were higher in subjects with moderate to large femoral plaques. Plasma MMP-9 concentration was higher in men with echolucent femoral plaques (P = 0.006) compared with subjects without femoral plaques. No similar associations were found for carotid plaques. MMP-9 concentrations were higher in serum than in plasma, and higher when sampling was performed with Vacutainer than with syringe. MMP-9 levels in serum were more strongly associated with peripheral neutrophil count compared with MMP-9 levels in plasma. Conclusions., Plasma MMP-9 levels were associated with atherosclerosis in the femoral artery, and total MMP-9 concentration was higher in men with echolucent femoral plaques. The choice of sample material and sampling method affect the measurements of circulating MMP-9 levels. [source] A Novel Automated Injection System for AngiographyJOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001JAMES A. GOLDSTEIN M.D. The present method of performing manual coronary angiography requires repetitive manipulation of a cumbersome stopcock-manifold system and contrast injection by hand syringe. This study reports a novel mechanical contrast injector with automated manifold that provides finger touch operator-controlled contrast injections. The ACIST Injection System components include a software-controlled syringe injector, a disposable automated manifold without stopcocks, a disposable hand controller, and a touch screen control panel. The ACIST system was evaluated in 50 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (n = 37) or coronary interventions (n = 13). In all cases, the system was easy to use and provided excellent quality images even with four catheters, as well as imaging during stent positioning with 6Fr guides. This mechanical injector facilitates precision operator-controlled angiographic injections, provides superb high quality coronary images even with very small lumen catheters, and expedites ventriculography during angiographic procedures. (J Interven Cardiol 2001;14:147,152) [source] Dentine hypersensitivity in subjects recruited for clinical trials: clinical evaluation, prevalence and intra-oral distributionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2002D. G. Gillam Relatively few studies have reported on the frequency, distribution and severity of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) in subjects recruited for clinical trials of desensitizing agents. Potential subjects (n= 48 M, 81 F, mean age 35·1 years) for inclusion into such a study were screened to determine the extent of the problem. 117 subjects (41 M, 76 F) mean age 24·9 years were clinically examined. Evaluation by questionnaire indicated that the prevalence of DH was proportionately higher in the 20,29·9 years (34·9%), and 30,39·9 years groups (33·3%), respectively. Sensitivity to cold was the main presenting symptom. Tactile (probe) and cold air (dental air syringe) stimuli were used to clinically evaluate DH. Of the teeth eligible for evaluation 1561/3136 (49·8%) responded to either one or both of the test stimuli; 274/3136 (8·7%) responded to tactile only stimulation, 779/3136 (24·8%) to thermal only stimulation and 508/3136 (16·2%) to both tactile and thermal stimulation. Of those teeth responding to the stimuli, 477 (30·6%) were premolars, 437 (28%) incisors, 415 (26·8%) molars and 232 (14·9%) canines. The results agree with those of previously reported studies in that DH is most frequently observed on premolars and that proportionately more teeth are sensitive to evaporative than to tactile stimulation. Furthermore it would appear from the results of the study that tactile is less effective than thermal/evaporative stimulation in the evaluation of DH. [source] In-vitro release of bupivacaine from injectable lipid formulations investigated by a single drop technique , relation to duration of action in-vivoJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2002Lars Söderberg The aim of this study was to develop an in-vitro release method suitable for injectable slow-release lipid formulations of local anaesthetics (or other drugs). We also aimed that the results of the in-vitro measurements should have a clear relationship to duration of action in-vivo. Six formulations of bupivacaine base in medium-chain triglyceride-glyceryl dilaurate mixtures were developed. A new apparatus was constructed for determination of their in-vitro release profiles. A bulbous glass tube was fixed inside a standard glass bottle, which was then filled with release medium. A stirring magnet was enclosed in the perforated polypropylene cylinder holding the glass tube. The stirring created a continuous, rotating downward flow of medium inside the tube, which kept the lipid phase, introduced by means of a syringe, suspended as a single, free drop. Release profiles were obtained by sampling of the release medium for up to 72 h and analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. The duration of action in-vivo of the respective formulations was tested by the hot-plate method in rats. The release profiles of bupivacaine in-vitro were mono-exponential for four formulations and bi-exponential for the other two. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of glyceryl dilaurate in the formulation and the slow half-life of release of bupivacaine. All formulations showed prolonged duration of action in-vivo, median values within the range 4.5,12 h, as compared with a 2-h effect of bupivacaine hydrochloride solution. A comparison of in-vitro release curves and durations of action in-vivo suggested that to maintain nerve blockade in-vivo the formulations must release bupivacaine at a rate of approximately 350 ,g h,1 under the in-vitro conditions. To conclude, we designed and tested a novel apparatus for measuring release of a local anaesthetic (or other drug) from a fluid or semi-solid formulation in-vitro. Release rates obtained in-vitro by means of this technique may be used to guide the development of formulations with suitable durations of action in-vivo. The apparatus is, however, as yet a prototype. Rigorous evaluation of performance should be carried out on devices built to specific standards according to their intended application. [source] Synergistic Effects of Iontophoresis and Jet Injector Pretreatment on the In-vitro Skin Permeation of Diclofenac and Angiotensin IIJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 10 2000KENJI SUGIBAYASHI A non-needle syringe (jet injector) was utilized to increase skin permeation of drugs by iontophoresis. Briefly, physiological saline was initially flushed by the injector to make a pore in the stratum corneum of excised hairless rat skin, and the iontophoretic skin permeation of two model compounds, sodium diclofenac and angiotensin II, was followed using a 2-chamber diffusion cell. Constant voltage and constant current iontophoresis treatments were evaluated. Pretreatment using the jet injector alone resulted in about 13- and 22-fold increases in the steady-state flux of diclofenac and angiotensin II, respectively, through the skin, compared with non-treated controls. Jet injector pretreatment with constant voltage iontophoresis further enhanced skin permeation of diclofenac and angiotensin II, and the enhancement was also greater than that by constant voltage iontophoresis alone. Thus, a synergistic effect was observed. The ratio of enhancement was greater compared with the control. Jet injector pretreatment with constant current iontophoresis, however, did not always yield higher skin permeation of the drugs than injector pretreatment alone, although the lag time was shortened. The difference in the enhancement between the constant voltage- and constant current iontophoresis can be explained by the electric current through the excised skin. Constant current iontophoresis after a short period of constant voltage iontophoresis with multiple jet injector pretreatments may be the best way to increase drug permeability while preventing severe skin damage. [source] Technique for visual demonstration of germinating arbuscular mycorrhizal spores and their multiplication in potsJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2007Jitendra Panwar Abstract We describe a simple technique for the germination of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM),fungal spores and their multiplication in pots. Glomus fasciculatum, G. mosseae, and Gigaspora margarita were used. A single wheat seedling was tied to a glass slide, previously covered with filter paper with the help of thread. One single surface-sterilized AM-fungal spore was placed on the middle portion of the root of the wheat seedling using a sterilized syringe. The slide was placed vertically in a 100,mL glass beaker filled with 25,mL of root exudates,water (1:4, v/v) solution, which was collected by growing twenty wheat seedlings in a 150,mL beaker filled with 100,mL sterilized distilled water for 7 d. The slide was observed daily using a compound microscope to follow the time course of germination. In this technique, the spore is directly in contact with the host root, and a visualization of spore germination, hyphal development, and appressorium formation is possible without disrupting fungal growth or the establishment of the symbiosis. The method allows to document the germination events and to assess hyphal-elongation rates by photographing the same spore on consecutive days. The inoculated seedling was used to initiate single-spore multiplication in a sterilized (autoclave on 3 alternate days at 120°C for 120,min at 1.05,kg,cm,2 pressure) potted sandy soil (150,mL volume) into which the slide with the inoculated seedling was inserted carefully through a previously made slit. The wheat seedlings in all pots (4 treatments and 15 replications) became colonized by mycorrhiza, confirming that the establishment of the AM-fungal symbiosis is highly reproducible. Our technique permits the relatively undisturbed growth of the symbiotic partners, the visualization of germinating AM-fungal spores, and their multiplication in pots. This simple and low-cost method facilitates the production of pure lines of AM fungi from single spores, allowing for the study of intraspecific variation and potentiality for cytological, biochemical, physiological, and taxonomical studies. [source] Molecularly imprinted polymers as affinity-based separation media for sample preparationJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 10 2009Jun HaginakaArticle first published online: 26 MAY 200 Abstract This review article deals with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as affinity-based separation media for sample preparation. An over view of two types of MIPs (molecularly imprinted particle and monolith) used for the sample preparation and modes of molecularly imprinted SPE (online mode, offline mode, on-column extraction, SPME, and microextraction in packed syringe) is given, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these types and modes. Next, problems (template leakage and incompatibility with aqueous conditions) associated with molecularly imprinted SPE and how to overcome those problems are described. Finally, pharmaceutical, food, bioanalytical, and environmental application of molecularly imprinted SPE will be discussed. [source] Simple sample transfer technique by internally expanded desorptive flow for needle trap devicesJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 12 2008In-Yong Eom Abstract Needle trap devices (NTDs) are improving in simplicity and usefulness for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) since their first introduction in early 2000s. Three different sample transfer methods have been reported for NTDs to date. All methods use thermal desorption and simultaneously provide desorptive flow to transfer desorbed VOCs into a GC separation column. For NTDs having ,side holes', GC carrier gas enters a ,side hole' and passes through sorbent particles to carry desorbed VOCs, while for NTD not having a ,side hole', clean air as desorptive flow can be provided through a needle head by a air tight syringe to sweep out desorbed VOCs or water vapor has been reported recently to be used as desorptive flow. We report here a new simple sample transfer technique for NTDs, in which no side holes and an external desorptive flow are required. When an NTD enriched by a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) or n -alkane mixture (C6,C15) is exposed to the hot zone of GC injector, the expanding air above the packed sorbent transfers the desorbed compounds from the sorbent to the GC column. This internal air expansion results in clean and sharp desorption profiles for BTEX and n -alkane mixture with no carryover. The effect of desorption temperature, desorption time, and overhead volumes was studied. Decane having vapor pressure of ,1 Torr at 20°C showed ,1% carryover at the moderate thermal desorption condition (0.5 min at 250°C). [source] Liquid flow in capillary (electro)chromatography: Generation and control of micro- and nanoliter volumesJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 6-7 2003Erdmann Rapp Abstract We describe and discuss instrumental developments in capillary (electro)chromatography which are of particular relevance for generating (and controlling) required volumetric flow rates in the micro- and nanoliter range through packed capillaries. Both isocratic and gradient elution are considered. For capillary HPLC this practically involves only commercial instrumentation, with systems based on syringe or piston pumps, but it also realizes the innovative concept of a high-pressure electrokinetic pump. The numerous systems that have been used to generate electroosmotic flow through chromatographic beds are classified under the following headings: i) basically commercial capillary electrophoresis instruments (adapted for electrochromatography); ii) home-built configurations; and iii) commercial capillary electrochromatography systems. Concerning the reviewed instrumentation, emphasis is placed on feasibility, automation, as well as system-inherent delay times and dead volumes. [source] Improved approach for transferring and cultivating Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A (DSM 2834)LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009H. Summer Abstract Aim:, A method for cultivating Methanosarcina acetivorans was further developed to handle these anaerobic archaea without special equipment such as an anaerobic chamber. Methods and Results:, Medium was filtered and oxygen removed under a nitrogen gas-phase. A dithiothreitol-filled syringe was used to transfer cells from high density grown cultures to new medium. Growth time and cell mass were determined, as well as cell viability was proven by light microscopy. Conclusion:, Cell transfer and growth was successful using this approach. Significance and Impact of the Study:, This updated technique allows almost every laboratory the opportunity to grow these methanogenic organisms for further studies. The described method could be used for proteomic analysis and is also interesting for further protein structure determination. [source] A novel option for dosing of proton pump inhibitors: dispersion of lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet in water via oral syringeALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 11 2004D. A. Gremse Summary Background :,A new formulation of lansoprazole, the lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet, rapidly disintegrates in water eliminating the need for swallowing whole pills. Aim :,To assess the effect that dispersing the lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet in water would have on lansoprazole pharmacokinetics. Methods :,Forty healthy adult men and women (18,43 years) received two single 15 mg lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet doses separated by 3 days (one administered directly onto the tongue without water and one dispersed in water and administered orally via syringe) in a randomized, crossover fashion. Serial plasma samples were determined from 0 to 12 h for each dose. Ratios of central values for peak plasma exposure (Cmax) and mean overall extent of exposure (area under the plasma concentration) were used to compare the bioavailability. Results :,The two dosing regimens were bioequivalent, with the point estimate for area under the plasma concentration equalling 1.080 (confidence interval 1.012,1.152) and the point estimate for Cmax equalling 1.082 (confidence interval 0.961,1.218). Conclusions :,Dispersing the 15 mg lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet in water and administering the dose orally via syringe is bioequivalent to the 15 mg intact lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet with respect to lansoprazole area under the plasma concentration and Cmax. This dosing route provides an additional, convenient dosing option for lansoprazole. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||