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Sweet Solutions (sweet + solution)
Selected AbstractsOral glucose as an analgesic to reduce infant distress following immunization at the age of 3, 5 and 12 monthsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2007Margit Thyr Abstract Aim: To evaluate oral glucose as an analgesic to reduce infant distress after immunization during the first year of life and to investigate if these effects change during this period. Methods: A prospective controlled trial of the effectiveness of glucose on crying response to immunizations at 3, 5 and 12 months of age. A total of 110 infants were randomized to receive 2 mL of 30% glucose or water. The same solution was given at 3, 5 and 12 months. Crying was registered from onset of the injection up to 120 seconds. Infanrix Polio Hib was administered intra-muscular in the thigh. Observation nurse and parents were blind to the nature of the solution. Results: Administration of glucose reduced the mean crying time by 22% at 3 months, 62% at 5 months and 52% at 12 months. The difference was significant at 5 and at 12 months. In the water group, there was a significant correlation between the children who cried at 3 months and who subsequently cried at 5 and 12 months. No correlations were found in the glucose group. Conclusion: Sweet solution can be used as a simple and safe method to reduce the distress following immunization in infants up to 12 months. [source] GUSTATORY REACTION TIME AND TIME INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS OF TREHALOSE AND SUCROSE SOLUTIONS AND THEIR MIXTURESJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 2 2009MARA VIRGINIA GALMARINI ABSTRACT Dynamic sweetness perception of commercial food grade trehalose, sucrose solutions and their mixtures were studied for a wide range of concentrations. For gustatory reaction time (GRT), concentrations ranged from 2.3 to 13.8% for sucrose and up to 23.0% for trehalose. For time intensity (T-I) sucrose or trehalose solutions (concentration range 2.3,36.8%) and their combinations (23.0 and 36.8% total solids) were analyzed. Trehalose had bigger GRT along the studied range. Both sugars presented similar values for persistence and times of plateau and to maximum intensity, while a significant difference was observed in intensity and GRT at equal concentrations. Trehalose had longer persistence than sucrose in equi -sweet solutions. Overall sweetness profile of some sucrose solutions (i.e., 29.9% sucrose solution and 0.6 sucrose/trehalose ratio mixture at 36.8% total solids) were perceived as similar to mixtures of sucrose/trehalose or single trehalose solutions, which suggests the possibility of sugar replacement without completely modifying sweetness perception. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS It has been suggested that trehalose may be a potential substitute for sucrose and other sugars used in food formulation because, although its chemical structure is very similar to that of sucrose, it is more stable at low pH and high temperatures. It is not involved in caramelization and does not participate in Maillard reaction with amino acids/proteins. In order to fully establish the potential of trehalose as a functional replacement of sucrose we have determined the sweetness dynamic profile (gustatory reaction time and time-intensity curves) of trehalose solutions and sucrose/trehalose solutions; this aspect is needed for adequately replacing (partially or totally) sucrose in food systems. [source] Association Between Sweet Preference and Paternal History of Alcoholism in Psychiatric and Substance Abuse PatientsALCOHOLISM, Issue 12 2003A. B. Kampov-Polevoy Background: The relationship between preference for stronger sweet solutions and propensity to excessive alcohol drinking is supported by both animal and human studies. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that sweet preference is associated with the genetic risk of alcoholism as measured by a paternal history of alcoholism. Methods: Participants were 180 patients admitted to a residential treatment program for the treatment of alcoholism, drug dependence, or psychiatric conditions. In addition to a routine medical examination, patients completed the standard sweet preference test twice (on the 9th and 24th days after admission), and the family history of alcoholism was evaluated. Results: Sweet preference was shown to be stable over time. It was strongly associated with a paternal history of alcoholism, with family history,positive patients approximately 5 times more likely to prefer stronger sweet solutions than family history,negative subjects. Such factors as dependence on alcohol, cocaine, opiates, cannabis, other drugs (including prescription drugs), and tobacco smoking, as well as demographics (gender and age), did not significantly interfere with association between sweet preference and paternal history of alcoholism. Conclusions: These findings provide some support for the hypothesis that preference for stronger sweet solutions is associated with a genetic predisposition to alcoholism as measured by a paternal history of alcoholism. [source] Oral hypertonic glucose spray: a practical alternative for analgesia in the newbornACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2004M Akçam Aim: Pain and stress have been shown to induce significant physiological and behavioural reactions in newborn infants. Pharmacological agents are not recommended in neonates for pain relief in minor procedures. Since different sweet solutions given orally by syringe have been shown to relieve pain in neonates, we decided to compare the analgesic effects of a small dose of glucose solution given orally by spray and by syringe during heel lancing in term neonates, using a validated behavioural acute pain rating scale. Methods: Sixty hyperbilirubinaemic full-term neonates were studied. We used a randomized, masked, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Each infant was assessed three times receiving 0.5 ml 30% glucose in spray form, 0.5 ml 30% glucose by syringe or 0.5 ml sterile water by syringe in random order, 2 min before heel lancing. Results: Pain scores were significantly lower in the 30% glucose given either spray or syringe groups compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant difference in pain scores was found between the 30% glucose spray group and 30% glucose syringe group. Conclusions: A small dose of 0.5 ml 30% glucose spray has an equal analgesic effect to the same dose given by syringe. The spray form has the advantage of being easy to use and is well accepted by newborn babies. [source] Association Between Ethanol and Sucrose Intake in the Laboratory Mouse: Exploration Via Congenic Strains and Conditioned Taste AversionALCOHOLISM, Issue 3 2000David A. Blizard Background: A substantial body of literature indicates that intakes of "sweet' solutions and ethanol are positively correlated across inbred strains of rats and mice but there has been speculation that the correlation is fortuitous and there is no agreement on the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results: We assessed the correlation between intake of sucrose and ethanol in congenic mice created by backcrossing alleles favoring sucrose intake from the BXD RI-5 strain into DBA/2J. In addition, to probe more specifically the interrelationship between intake of the two solutions, we examined aversion generalization from sucrose to ethanol in C57BL/6J mice. Among the congenic mice, a statistically significant product-moment correlation of r= 0.36 (p < 0.02) was found between 6-hr intake of sucrose corrected for differences in baseline water intake and preference for 10% ethanol presented in a 96-hr 2-bottle test. Furthermore, C57BL/6J male mice conditioned to avoid a 0.2 M sucrose solution generalized their aversion to a 10% ethanol solution presented in the same 2-bottle test, drinking 42.1 ± 9.38% (mean ± SE) of their total fluid intake from the ethanol tube, compared with the control group mean of 69.86 ± 8.84%. Conclusions: The positive association between intake of sucrose and ethanol in congenic mice provides strong evidence that the previously demonstrated genetic correlation between intake of these solutions is not the result of fortuitous fixation of unrelated alleles and provides suggestive evidence that, at least in the B6/D2 lineage, the genetic association between intakes of the two solutions reflects close linkage or the pleiotropic effects of the same genes. The demonstration that a conditioned taste aversion to sucrose generalized to ethanol in the C57BL/6J inbred mouse strain is an extension of similar observations in outbred rats and specifically demonstrates that intake of the two solutions is controlled by some of the same physiologic or neurological processes and thus is consistent with the pleiotropic interpretation of the genetic correlation. [source] | ||||||||||