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Swedish Women (swedish + woman)
Selected AbstractsPopulation-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish WomenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2002Ola Forslund Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be used to identify women at risk of the development of cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of HPV screening is dependent on the type-specific HPV prevalence in the general population. The present study describes the prevalence and spectrum of high-risk HPV types found in a large real-life population-based HPV screening trial undertaken entirely within the cervical screening program offered to middle-aged Swedish women. Cervical brush samples from 6,123 women aged 32,38 years were analyzed using a general HPV primer (GP5+/6+) polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) combined with reverse dot-blot hybridization for confirmation and HPV typing by a single assay. In this study, 6.8% (95% CI 6.2,7.5) (417/6,123) were confirmed as high-risk HPV positive. Infections with 13 different high-risk HPV types were detected, of which HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (2.1%; 128/6,123), followed by HPV 31 (1.1%; 67/6,123). Any one of the HPV types 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 66 was detected in 3.6% (223/6,123) of the women. Infection with two, three, and five types simultaneously was identified in 32, 5, and 1 women, respectively. The combination of PCR-EIA as a screening test and reverse dot-blot hybridization as a confirmatory test, was found to be readily applicable to a real-life population-based cervical screening. The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy. J. Med. Virol. 66:535,541, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mortality risk up to 25 years after initiation of treatment among 420 Swedish women with alcohol addictionADDICTION, Issue 3 2009Brit Haver ABSTRACT Aims Women treated for alcohol addiction have mortality rates three to five times those of women from the general population (GP). However, these figures may be inflated because socially disadvantaged women with advanced drinking careers are over-represented in previous studies. Our aim was to study the long-term mortality of socially relatively well-functioning patients coming to their first treatment, compared to matched GP controls. Design The mortality rates and causes of death were compared between patients and their matched GP controls, using data from the Causes of Death Register throughout the follow-up period (0,25 years). Setting A specialized treatment programme for women only, called ,Early treatment for Women with Alcohol Addiction' (EWA) at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Participants Subjects (n = 420) receiving their first treatment at the EWA programme, compared to a group of matched GP women (n = 2037). Findings The women patients had significantly higher mortality than matched GP controls throughout the whole follow-up period, with a relative risk of 2.4. However, the younger women had four times higher mortality than their matched controls. The peak of deaths occurred during the first 5 years, and alcohol-related causes of death were highly over-represented, as were uncertain suicides and accidents. Conclusions First-time-treated women with alcohol addiction have a substantially lower mortality than reported previously from clinical samples, except for the youngest group. Our figures were corrected for confounding factors such as socio-demographic status. We believe our results could apply to broader groups of heavy drinking women, inside or outside specialized treatment settings. [source] Population-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish WomenJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2002Ola Forslund Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be used to identify women at risk of the development of cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of HPV screening is dependent on the type-specific HPV prevalence in the general population. The present study describes the prevalence and spectrum of high-risk HPV types found in a large real-life population-based HPV screening trial undertaken entirely within the cervical screening program offered to middle-aged Swedish women. Cervical brush samples from 6,123 women aged 32,38 years were analyzed using a general HPV primer (GP5+/6+) polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) combined with reverse dot-blot hybridization for confirmation and HPV typing by a single assay. In this study, 6.8% (95% CI 6.2,7.5) (417/6,123) were confirmed as high-risk HPV positive. Infections with 13 different high-risk HPV types were detected, of which HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (2.1%; 128/6,123), followed by HPV 31 (1.1%; 67/6,123). Any one of the HPV types 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 66 was detected in 3.6% (223/6,123) of the women. Infection with two, three, and five types simultaneously was identified in 32, 5, and 1 women, respectively. The combination of PCR-EIA as a screening test and reverse dot-blot hybridization as a confirmatory test, was found to be readily applicable to a real-life population-based cervical screening. The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy. J. Med. Virol. 66:535,541, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cutaneous melanoma in Swedish women: Occupational risks by anatomic site,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2005Beatriz Pérez-Gómez MD Abstract Background Few occupational studies have addressed melanoma in women. Accordingly, our aim was to identify occupations with higher risk of cutaneous melanoma, overall and by site, in Swedish female workers. Methods All gainfully employed Swedish women were followed-up from 1971 to 1989, using Death/Cancer Registers. Occupational risk ratios adjusted for age, period, town size, and geographic zone were computed for each site. Risk patterns for different sites were then compared. Results High risks were observed among educators, bank tellers, dental nurses, librarians/archivists/curators, horticultural workers, and hatmakers/milliners. Telephone operators and textile workers had increased risk, mainly in the leg. Other occupation-specific site excesses were also found. Upper-limb risks were correlated with head/neck and thorax, though these two sites were not associated. Legs registered a special pattern, with a moderate correlation with upper limbs or thorax, and no correlation with head/neck. Conclusions Some occupations with possible exposure to arsenic/mercury displayed increased risk. The generalized excess risk among hatmakers/milliners warrants further attention. The weak correlation between legs and other sites suggests site specificity in melanoma risk factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] What Factors in Early Pregnancy Indicate that the Mother Will Be Hit by Her Partner during the Year after Childbirth?BIRTH, Issue 2 2004A Nationwide Swedish Survey The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and indicators in early pregnancy of a woman being hit by her partner during the year after childbirth. Method: Information was collected by a postal questionnaire in early pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth from the approximately 5,550 women in Sweden who visited an antenatal care clinic for the first time during one of three chosen weeks in 1999 and 2000. Results: Of the 3,266 recruited women, 2,563 returned the follow-up questionnaire. Being hit during the first year after childbirth was reported by 52 of the 2,563 (2%) women: 32 (61%) had been hit by their partner once, 12 (23%) twice, and 8 (15%) three or more times. Risk increased in women who were age 24 years or younger (3.9% had been hit), unmarried (7.1%), born in countries outside Europe (6.8%), with a partner born outside Europe (5.4%), had a low level of education (8.9%), and were unemployed (5.0%). In early pregnancy, women with back pain (4.0%), a chronic illness (4.1%), coital pain (6.1%), frequent depression-related symptoms (8.1%), stomach pain (3.8%), or a urinary tract problem (6.3%) were hit more often than others after childbirth. Conclusions: At least 2 percent of Swedish women giving birth in 2000 were hit by their partner during the year after childbirth. Using identified predictors during antenatal care may increase the likelihood of finding women at risk, thereby enhancing the possibility of interventions to prevent this crime and health hazard. [source] Swedish Women's Interest in Home Birth and In-Hospital Birth Center CareBIRTH, Issue 1 2003Ingegerd Hildingsson RN ABSTRACT:Background: In Sweden, few alternatives to a hospital birth are available, and little is known about consumer interest in alternative birth care. The aim of this study was to determine women's interest in home birth and in-hospital birth center care in Sweden, and to describe the characteristics of these women. Methods: All Swedish-speaking women booked for antenatal care during 3 weeks during 1 year were invited to participate in the study. Three questionnaires, completed after the first booking visit in early pregnancy, at 2 months, and 1 year after the birth, asked about the women's interest in two alternative birth options and a wide range of possible explanatory variables. Results: Consent to participate in the study was given by 3283 women (71% of all women eligible). The rates of response to the three questionnaires were 94, 88, and 88 percent, respectively. One percent of participants consistently expressed an interest in home birth on all three occasions, and 8 percent expressed an interest in birth center care. A regression analysis showed five factors that were associated with an interest in home birth: a wish to have the baby's siblings (OR 20.2; 95% CI 6.2,66.5) and a female friend (OR 15.2; 95% CI 6.2,37.4) present at the birth, not wanting pharmacological pain relief during labor and birth (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.4,15.3), low level of education (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.8,11.4), and dissatisfaction with medical aspects of intrapartum care (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4,9.2). An interest in birth center care was associated with experience of being in control during labor and birth (OR 8.3; 95% CI 3.2,21.6), not wanting pharmacological pain relief (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3,4.1), and a preference to have a known midwife at the birth (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.6,2.9). Conclusion: If Swedish women were offered free choice of place of birth, the home birth rate would be 10 times higher, and the 20 largest hospitals would need to have a birth center. Women interested in alternative models of care view childbirth as a social and natural event, and their needs should be considered. (BIRTH 30:1 March 2003) [source] Risk factors for uterine rupture and neonatal consequences of uterine rupture: a population-based study of successive pregnancies in SwedenBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 10 2007M Kaczmarczyk Objective, Uterine rupture is a rare but a catastrophic event. The aim of the present study was to explore the risk factors for uterine rupture and associated neonatal morbidity and mortality among a cohort of Swedish women attempting vaginal birth in their second delivery. Design, Population-based cohort study. Setting, Sweden. Population, A total of 300 200 Swedish women delivering two single consecutive births between 1983 and 2001. Methods, Swedish population-based registers were used to obtain information concerning demographics, pregnancy and birth characteristics, and neonatal outcomes. Logistic regression was used to analyse potential risk factors for uterine rupture and risk of neonatal mortality associated with uterine rupture. Odds ratios were used to estimate relative risks using 95% CI. Main outcome measure, Uterine rupture and neonatal mortality in the second pregnancy. Results, Compared with women who delivered vaginally in their first birth, women who underwent a caesarean delivery were, during their second delivery, at increased risk of uterine rupture (adjusted OR 41.79; 95% CI 29.73,57.00). Induction of labour, high (,4000 g) birthweight, postterm (,42 weeks) births, high (,35 years) maternal age, and short (,164 cm) maternal stature were also associated with increased risk of uterine rupture. Uterine rupture was associated with a substantially increased risk in neonatal mortality (adjusted OR 65.62; 95% CI 32.60,132.08). Conclusion, The risk of uterine rupture in subsequent deliveries is not only markedly increased among women with a previous caesarean delivery but also influenced by induction of labour, birthweight, gestational age, and maternal characteristics. [source] Premature death among teenage mothersBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 8 2004Petra Otterblad Olausson Objective Some data suggest an association between teenage childbearing and premature death. Whether this possible increase in risk is associated with social circumstances before or after childbirth is not known. We studied premature death in relation to age at first birth, social background and social situation after first birth. Design Population-based cohort study. Setting Women born in Sweden registered in the 1985 Swedish Population Census. Population Swedish women born 1950,1964 who had their first infant before the age of 30 years (N= 460,434). Methods Information on the women's social background and social situation after first birth was obtained from Population Censuses. The women were followed up with regard to cause of death from December 1, 1990 to December 31, 1995. Mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Main outcome measures Mortality rates by cause of death. Results Independent of socio-economic background, teenage mothers faced an increased risk of premature death later in life compared with older mothers (rate ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.4,1.9). The increased risk was most evident for deaths from cervical cancer, lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease, suicide, inflicted violence and alcohol-related diseases. Some, but not all, of these increases in risk were associated with the poorer social position of teenagers mothers. Conclusions Teenage mothers, independent of socio-economic background, face an increased risk of premature death. Strategies to reduce teenage childbearing are likely to contribute to improved maternal and infant health. [source] The effect of the CYP1A2 *1F mutation on CYP1A2 inducibility in pregnant womenBRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Anna Nordmark Aims, To investigate the influence of the CYP1A2*1F mutation on CYP1A2 activity in smoking and nonsmoking pregnant women. Methods Pregnant women (n = 904) who served as control subjects in a case-control study of early fetal loss were investigated. They were phenotyped for CYP1A2 using dietary caffeine and the urinary ratio AFMU + 1X + 1 U/1,7 U. An assay for CYP1A2*1F using 5,-nuclease assay (Taqman) was developed to genotype the population. Results, The frequencies of *1 A and *1F alleles among Swedish women were 0.29 and 0.71, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in CYP1A2 activity between the genotypes, although a trend towards enhanced activity was observed in *1F/*1F (log MRc 0.77) and *1F/*1 A (log MRc 0.82) genotypes compared with the *1 A/*1 A genotype (log MRc 0.71) (anovaP = 0.07). The mean difference between the *1 A homozygotes and the heterozygotes was 0.11 [95% confidence interval of the difference: (,0.21, ,0.01)] and that between the *1 A and *1F homozygotes was 0.05 [95% confidence interval of the difference: (,0.13, 0.03)]. No significant effect (P = 0.22) of the *1F on CYP1A2 activity was observed in smokers, tested using an interaction term (smoking * genotype) in the anova model (*1F/*1F log MRc 0.79, *1F/*1 A log MRc 0.86, and *1 A/*1 A log MRc 0.73). In smokers, there was no difference in ratio between homozygotes for the *1 A and *1F alleles [mean difference ,0.06; 95% confidence interval of the difference: ,0.22, 0.11] or between *1 A/*1 A and *1 A/*1F genotypes [mean difference ,0.13; 95% confidence interval of the difference: ,0.29, 0.04]. Conclusions, The effect of the CYP1A2*1F mutation on CYP1A2 activity in smoking pregnant women could not be confirmed. [source] Knowledge, use and attitudes towards emergency contraceptive pills among swedish women presenting for induced abortionBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Gunilla Aneblom Objective To investigate the knowledge, experiences and attitudes towards emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) among women presenting for induced abortion. Design Survey by self-administered waiting room questionnaires. Setting Three large hospitals in the cities of Uppsala, Västerås and Örebro in Sweden. Population 591 Swedish-speaking women consecutively attending the clinics for an induced abortion during a four-month period in 2000. Results The response rate was 88% (n= 518). As many as 43% had a history of one or more previous abortions and 43% were daily smokers. Four out of five women, 83%, were aware of ECP, but only 15 women used it to prevent this pregnancy. Fewer, 38%, knew the recommended timeframes for use and 54% had knowledge of the mode of action. The two most common sources of information about ECP were media and friends. One out of five, 22%, had previously used the method, and at the time of conception, 55% would have taken ECP if it had been available at home, and 52% were positive to having ECP available over the counter. Conclusions Emergency contraception is well known but is still underused. Lack of awareness of pregnancy risk may be one limiting factor for its use. Making ECP available over the counter may be an important measure towards better availability. Information strategies to the public are needed before ECP will be a widely used back-up method. [source] | ||||||||||