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Surrogate

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences35%
Life Sciences27%
Chemistry15%
Engineering5%
Humanities and Social Sciences4%
Mathematics and Statistics3%
Earth and Environmental Science2%
4 Other Domains9%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Gastroenterology & Hepatology8%
Allergy & Clinical Immunology5%
31 Other Subdomains67%

Kinds of Surrogate

  • base surrogate
  • biodiversity surrogate
    		•
  • good surrogate
  • potential surrogate
    		•
  • reasonable surrogate
  • reliable surrogate
    		•
  • useful surrogate

    • Terms modified by Surrogate

  • surrogate biomarker
  • surrogate decision maker
  • surrogate endpoint
  • surrogate indicator
    		•
  • surrogate marker
  • surrogate measure
  • surrogate model
  • surrogate models
    		•
  • surrogate mother
  • surrogate outcome
  • surrogate outcome measure
  • surrogate parameter
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Cost-Efficiency of Decaying Wood as a Surrogate for Overall Species Richness in Boreal Forests

    CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
    ARTTI JUUTINEN
    biodiversidad; gestión de bosques; indicadores de riqueza de especies; seleccion de sitios Abstract:,Decaying wood is one of the most important elements for species richness in boreal forests. We tested how well reserve selection based on the amount and quality of decaying wood results in a representation of four ecologically different taxa (beetles, birds, wood-inhabiting fungi, and vascular plants). We also compared the cost-efficiency of the use of dead-wood indicators with comprehensive species inventory. Our database included 32 seminatural old-forest stands located in northern Finland. Decaying wood was a relatively good indicator of saproxylic species but not overall species richness. Even though dead wood did not reflect accurately overall species richness, our results indicated that the use of decaying wood as an indicator in site selection was more cost-efficient than using information from large-scale species inventories. Thus, decaying wood is a valuable surrogate for species richness, but other cost-efficient indicators that reflect the requirements of those species which are not dependent on decaying wood should be identified. Resumen:,La madera en descomposición es uno de los elementos importantes para la riqueza de especies en bosques boreales. Probamos como resulta la selección de reservas con base en la cantidad y calidad de madera en descomposición en la representación de cuatro taxa ecológicamente distintos (escarabajos, aves, hongos habitantes en la madera y plantas vasculares). También comparamos la rentabilidad del uso de indicadores de madera muerta con inventarios integrales de especies. Nuestra base de datos incluyó 32 sitios de bosque maduro seminatural localizados en el norte de Finlandia. La madera en descomposición fue un indicador relativamente bueno de especies saproxílicas pero no de la riqueza total. Aunque la madera en descomposición no reflejó la riqueza total con precisión, nuestros resultados indicaron que el uso de madera en descomposición como un indicador en la selección de sitios fue más rentable que el uso de información de inventarios de especies de gran escala. Por lo tanto, la madera en descomposición es un sustituto valioso de la riqueza de especies, pero se deben identificar otros indicadores rentables que reflejen los requerimientos de aquellas especies que no dependen de la madera en descomposición. [source]

    Electronic Medical Record Review as a Surrogate to Telephone Follow-up to Establish Outcome for Diagnostic Research Studies in the Emergency Department

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2005
    Jeffrey A. Kline MD
    Abstract Background: Follow-up for diagnostic research studies might be facilitated if medical record review (MRR) could be used instead of telephone calls. Objectives: The authors hypothesized that MRR would yield similar accuracy to telephone follow-up. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of 2,178 initially disease-free patients who were followed after enrollment in a diagnostic study of either acute coronary syndrome (45 days) or pulmonary embolism (90 days) conducted in an urban teaching emergency department (ED). Disease status (positive or negative) was defined explicitly. Using structured data forms, trained researchers performed MRR using a comprehensive electronic database, and formulated an opinion about disease status. Trained researchers, blinded to the MRR, then dialed telephone numbers, asked questions from a script, and categorized disease status. The criterion standard was adjudication by consensus of two of three physicians who independently determined disease status based on explicit criteria and access to all follow-up data. Results: Adjudicators found that 13 of 2,178 patients developed disease during follow-up; all 13 true positives occurred among the 2,054 (94.3%) of patients who acknowledged intent to return to the study hospital. Telephone follow-up was successful in 81% of patients, and found all 13 true positives (sensitivity 100%) but with three additional false-positive cases. MRR disclosed 12 of 13 cases of disease (sensitivity 92%) with no false-positive cases. Further review of the one false-negative case from MRR revealed that it occurred after the prescribed time limit for follow-up. Conclusions: Under limited circumstances, accurate clinical follow-up for diagnostic studies conducted in the ED can be obtained by medical record review. [source]

    Surrogate-based infill optimization applied to electromagnetic problems

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2010
    I. Couckuyt
    Abstract The increasing use of expensive computer simulations in engineering places a serious computational burden on associated optimization problems. Surrogate-based optimization becomes standard practice in analyzing such expensive black-box problems. This article discusses several approaches that use surrogate models for optimization and highlights one sequential design approach in particular, namely, expected improvement. The expected improvement approach is demonstrated on two electromagnetic problems, namely, a microwave filter and a textile antenna. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010. [source]

    Surrogate Versus Couple Therapy in Vaginismus

    THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2007
    Itzhak Ben-Zion MD
    ABSTRACT Introduction., Women who do not have a cooperative partner cannot complete the usual therapeutic process in the treatment of vaginismus, because they cannot progress to the stage of practicing the insertion of the man partner's fingers and the insertion of a penis. Aim., To compare traditional couple therapy with therapy utilizing a surrogate partner. Methods., The study was controlled and retrospective. Data were obtained from the treatment charts of patients who had come to the clinic for treatment of vaginismus. Sixteen vaginismus patients who were treated with a man surrogate partner were compared with 16 vaginismus patients who were treated with their own partners. Main Outcome Measures., Successful pain-free intercourse upon completion of therapy. Results., One hundred percent of the surrogate patients succeeded in penile,vaginal intercourse compared with 75% in the couples group (P = 0.1). All surrogate patients ended the therapy because it was fully successful, compared with 69% in the couples group. Twelve percent of the couples group ended the therapy because it failed, and 19% because the couples decided to separate. Conclusions., Treating vaginismus with a man surrogate partner was at least as effective as couple therapy. Surrogate therapy may be considered for vaginismus patients who have no cooperative partner. Ben-Zion I, Rothschild S, Chudakov B, and Aloni R. Surrogate vs. couple therapy in vaginismus. J Sex Med 2007;4:728,733. [source]

    Titelbild: Design and Folding of [GluA4(O,ThrB30)]Insulin ("Ester Insulin"): A Minimal Proinsulin Surrogate that Can Be Chemically Converted into Human Insulin (Angew. Chem.

    ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 32 2010
    32/2010)
    Die effiziente chemische Totalsynthese von Insulin war über 40,Jahre lang eine Herausforderung. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S.,5621,ff. zeigen Y. Sohma, S.,B.,H. Kent und Mitarbeiter, dass eine Ester-verknüpfte "Nulllängen"-Vorstufe genauso effizient faltet wie Volllängen-Proinsulin und leicht durch Verseifung in das vollständig aktive Insulin überführt werden kann. (Titelbild: D. Kent nach einem Entwurf von Y. Sohma.) [source]

    Design and Folding of [GluA4(O,ThrB30)]Insulin ("Ester Insulin"): A Minimal Proinsulin Surrogate that Can Be Chemically Converted into Human Insulin,

    ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 32 2010
    Youhei Sohma Prof.
    Insulinfaltung: Ein esterverknüpftes Polypeptid-Proinsulinsurrogat faltet effizient unter Disulfidbindungsbildung und lässt sich zum nativen Insulin mit voller biologischer Aktivität verseifen. Diese Strategie vermeidet die mäßig erfolgreiche Kombination der individellen Insulin-A- und -B-Ketten und bietet einen einfachen und effektiven Ansatz zur chemischen Totalsynthese von Humaninsulin und dessen Analoga. [source]

    The evidence base for registration and reimbursement of new pharmaceuticals in cancer treatment: Surrogate and real health outcomes

    ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
    Wayne D HALL
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient InCl3 -Catalyzed Hydration of Nitriles to Amides: Acetaldoxime as an Effective Water Surrogate.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 27 2010
    Eun Sun Kim
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    Asymmetric Allylboration of ,,,-Enals as a Surrogate for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Amines and ,-Amino Acids.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 33 2005
    P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
    Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

    Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates: An Asymmetric Claisen Surrogate.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 6 2005
    Erin C. Burger
    Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

    Semisynthesis of an Analogue of Antitumor Bicyclic Hexapeptide RA-VII by Fixing the Ala-2/Tyr-3 Bond to cis by Incorporating a Triazole cis-Amide Bond Surrogate.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 30 2004
    Yukio Hitotsuyanagi
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Synthesis of 3-Aminolactams as X-Gly Constrained Pseudodipeptides and Conformational Study of a Trp-Gly Surrogate.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 16 2004
    Marta Ecija
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    2-Thiazolidinone: A Novel Thiol Protective Surrogate of Complete Atom Efficiency, a Practical Synthesis of (+)-Biotin.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2004
    Masahiko Seki
    Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source]

    A Simple, Non-Nucleosidic Base Surrogate Increases the Duplex Stability of DNA Containing an Abasic Site

    CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 2 2004
    Simon
    Abasic sites represent a common type of lesion in DNA. If not repaired, they can lead to mutations during replication or to cell death. Due to their biological importance, there is a strong interest in methods of recognizing abasic sites in DNA both for diagnostic and also for potential pharmaceutical applications. Extended aromatic residues can have a substantial positive influence on the stability of double-stranded DNA containing abasic sites. We report here the use of a simple, non-nucleosidic phenanthrene as a base surrogate, which effectively enhances the duplex stability of DNA with an abasic site. The influence of the linker length on the stability of the duplex is investigated. Data and model considerations indicate that stabilization is a result of stacking interactions between the phenanthrene and DNA base pairs. [source]

    Priority Wetland Invertebrates as Conservation Surrogates

    CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
    S. J. ORMEROD
    agua dulce; caracoles; conservación; especies paraguas; especies sustitutas; gasterópodos Abstract:,Invertebrates are important functionally in most ecosystems, but seldom appraised as surrogate indicators of biological diversity. Priority species might be good candidates; thus, here we evaluated whether three freshwater invertebrates listed in the U.K. Biodiversity Action Plan indicated the richness, composition, and conservation importance of associated wetland organisms as defined respectively by their alpha diversity, beta diversity, and threat status. Sites occupied by each of the gastropods Segmentina nitida, Anisus vorticulus, and Valvata macrostoma had greater species richness of gastropods and greater conservation importance than other sites. Each also characterized species assemblages associated with significant variations between locations in alpha or beta diversity among other mollusks and aquatic macrophytes. Because of their distinct resource requirements, conserving the three priority species extended the range of wetland types under management for nature conservation by 18% and the associated gastropod niche-space by around 33%. Although nonpriority species indicated variations in richness, composition, and conservation importance among other organisms as effectively as priority species, none characterized such a wide range of high-quality wetland types. We conclude that priority invertebrates are no more effective than nonpriority species as indicators of alpha and beta diversity or conservation importance among associated organisms. Nevertheless, conserving priority species can extend the array of distinct environments that are protected for their specialized biodiversity and environmental quality. We suggest that this is a key role for priority species and conservation surrogates more generally, and, on our evidence, can best be delivered through multiple species with contrasting habitat requirements. Resumen:,Los invertebrados son funcionalmente importantes en la mayoría de los ecosistemas, pero raramente son valorados como indicadores sustitutos de la diversidad biológica. Las especies prioritarias pueden ser buenos candidatos; por lo tanto, aquí evaluamos sí tres especies de invertebrados enlistados en el Plan de Acción para la Biodiversidad del Reino Unido eran indicadores de la riqueza, la composición e importancia para la conservación de organismos de humedal asociados definida por su diversidad alfa, diversidad beta y estatus de amenaza respectivamente. Los sitios ocupados por cada uno de los gasterópodos Segmentina nitida, Anisus vorticulus and Valvata macrostoma tuvieron una mucho mayor riqueza de gasterópodos y mayor importancia para la conservación que otros sitios. Cada uno también caracterizó a los ensambles asociados con variaciones significativas entre localidades en la diversidad alfa o entre otros moluscos y macrofitas acuáticas en la diversidad beta. Debido a sus diferentes requerimientos de recursos, la conservación de las tres especies prioritarias se amplió la extensión de todos los tipos de humedal bajo manejo para la conservación de la naturaleza en 18% y el nicho-espacio de los gasterópodos asociados se amplió alrededor de 33%. Aunque las especies no prioritarias indicaron variaciones en riqueza, composición e importancia de conservación entre otros organismos tan efectivamente como las especies prioritarias, ninguna caracterizó un rango tan amplio de humedales de alta calidad. Concluimos que los invertebrados prioritarios no son más efectivos que las especies no prioritarias como indicadores de la diversidad alfa y beta ni de la importancia para la conservación entre organismos asociados. Sin embargo, la conservación de especies prioritarias puede ampliar el conjunto de ambientes diferentes que son protegidos por su biodiversidad especializada y calidad ambiental. Sugerimos que este es un papel clave para las especies prioritarias y, más generalmente, para los sustitutos de conservación, y, con base en nuestra evidencia, puede ser desarrollado mediante múltiples especies con requerimientos de hábitat contrastantes. [source]

    Kava in Arnhem Land: a review of consumption and its social correlates

    DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 3 2000
    Alan R. Clough
    Abstract The debate about the effects and public health importance of the way Aboriginal people drink kava has been confounded by claims, based on anecdote, of imputed health effects. Anecdote and comment have promoted the perception that dosage levels among Aboriginal people are much greater than in Pacific island societies. In this paper we review published data about kava consumption, and evaluate it with respect to information collected from observation of one Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land (Northern Territory) where people tend to consume kavaat a steady tempo; 37g of kava powder containing around 3800mg of kava lactones in 670ml of water in an hour. The highest levels of consumption in Arnhem Land have been reported to be up to 900g/week of kava powder with heavy consumers drinking at least 610g/week, levels comparable to estimates for Pacific-island societies. The significance of a steady drinking tempo means that an individual's weekly kava consumption relates directly to the amount of time spent drinking which, in turn, is correlated with categories of social setting of drinking (p < 0.0002). Lone drinkers appear to be the heaviest users while lowest consumption takes place in private domestic situations, where people enjoy kava as part of family group activities. Surrogates of consumption levels may be found in local socio-economic circumstances. This approach may be useful when more direct measurement of consumption is difficult or impossible. [source]

    Enantioselective Aza-Morita,Baylis,Hillman Reaction Using Aliphatic ,-Amidosulfones as Imine Surrogates

    ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 4 2010
    Nacim Abermil
    Abstract The bifunctional catalyst 6,-deoxy-6,-acylamino-,-isocupreidine (1) served both as a base to trigger the in situ generation of N -sulfonylimine from readily available ,-amidosulfones and as a chiral nucleophile to initiate the enantioselective aza-Morita,Baylis,Hillman (aza-MBH) reaction. ,-Methylene-,-amino-,-alkyl carbonyl compounds, difficultly accessible previously, can now be synthesized in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. [source]

    Effect of a Disease-Specific Planning Intervention on Surrogate Understanding of Patient Goals for Future Medical Treatment

    JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 7 2010
    Karin T. Kirchhoff PhD
    OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a disease-specific planning process can improve surrogate understanding of goals of patients with life-limiting illnesses for future medical treatments. DESIGN: A multisite randomized controlled trial conducted between January 1, 2004 and July 31, 2007. SETTING: Six outpatient clinics of large community or university health systems in three Wisconsin cities. PARTICIPANTS: Competent, English-speaking adults aged 18 and older with chronic congestive heart failure or chronic renal disease and their surrogate decision-makers. INTERVENTION: Trained health professionals conducted a structured, patient-centered interview intended to promote informed decision-making and to result in the completion of a document clarifying the goals of the patient with regard to four disease-specific health outcome situations and the degree of decision-making latitude granted to the surrogate. MEASUREMENTS: Surrogate understanding of patient goals for care with regard to four expected, disease-specific outcomes situations and of the degree of surrogate latitude in decision-making. RESULTS: Three hundred thirteen patient,surrogate pairs completed the study. As measured according to kappa scores and in all four situations and in the degree of latitude, intervention group surrogates demonstrated a significantly higher degree of understanding of patient goals than control group surrogates. Intervention group kappa scores ranged from 0.61 to 0.78, whereas control group kappa scores ranged from 0.07 to 0.28. CONCLUSION: Surrogates in the intervention group had a significantly better understanding of patient goals and preferences than surrogates in the control group. This finding is the first step toward ensuring that patient goals for care are known and honored. [source]

    Identification of Listeria innocua Surrogates for Listeria monocytogenes in Hamburger Patties

    JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 4 2008
    E.C. Friedly
    ABSTRACT:,Listeria innocua M1 has been used by many researchers as a nonpathogenic thermal processing surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes. However, L. innocua M1 has been criticized because its thermal survivability characteristics are not as closely parallel to L. monocytogenes as some would like in a variety of foods and processing conditions. The present study was conducted to compare multiple L. innocua and L. monocytogenes strains to validate L. innocua M1 as the ideal surrogate under high-temperature thermal processing conditions for L. monocytogenes. The D - and z -values of L. innocua M1, L. innocua strain SLCC 5639 serotype (6a), SLCC 5640 (6b), SLCC 2745 (4ab), and L. monocytogenes F4243 (4b) were calculated for raw hamburger patties. Hamburger patties were inoculated with 107,8 CFU/g of L. monocytogenes or L. innocua. Samples were heat treated at 4 temperatures (62.5 to 70 °C). At each temperature, the decimal reduction time (D -value) was obtained by linear regression of survival curves. The D - and z -values were determined for each bacterium. The D -values of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes serotypes ranged from 3.17 to 0.13 min at 62.5 to 70 °C, and the z -values of L. innocua and L. monocytogenes were 7.44 to 7.73 °C. Two of the 4 L. innocua serotypes used in this experiment have the potential for use as surrogates in hamburger meat with varying margins of safety. L. innocua M1 should serve as the primary nonpathogenic surrogate with the greatest margin of safety in verifying a new thermal process to destroy L. monocytogenes. [source]

    Evidence that Branch Cuvettes are Reasonable Surrogates for Estimating O3 Effects in Entire Tree Crowns

    PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
    C. Then&
    Abstract: Within the scope of quantifying ozone (O3) effects on forest tree crowns it is still an open question whether cuvette branches of adult trees are reasonable surrogates for O3 responses of entire tree crowns and whether twigs exhibit autonomy in defense metabolism in addition to carbon autonomy. Therefore, cuvette-enclosed branches of mature beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees were compared with branches exposed to the same and different ozone regimes by a free-air fumigation system under natural stand conditions by means of a vice versa experiment. For this purpose, cuvettes receiving 1 × O3 air were mounted in trees exposed to 2 × O3 and cuvettes receiving 2 × O3 air were mounted in trees exposed to 1 × O3 in the upper sun crown. At the end of the fumigation period in September 2004, leaves were examined for differences in gas exchange parameters, pigments, antioxidants, carbohydrates, and stable isotope ratios. No significant differences in foliar gas exchange, total carbohydrates, stable isotope ratios, pigment, and antioxidant contents were found as a consequence of cuvette enclosure (cuvette versus free-air branches) of the same O3 concentrations besides increase of glucose inside the cuvettes and reduction of the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments. No significant ozone effect was found for the investigated gas exchange and most biochemical parameters. The total and oxidized glutathione level of the leaves was increased by the 2 × O3 treatment in the cuvette and the free-air branches, but this effect was significant only for the free-air branches. From these results we conclude that cuvette branches are useful surrogates for examining the response of entire tree crowns to elevated O3 and that the defence metabolism of twigs seems to be at least partially autonomous. [source]

    Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocarbocycles: Arylboron Reagents as Surrogates of 1,2-Dimetalloarenes,

    ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 22 2010
    Ryo Shintani Dr.
    Von Eninen zu Spirocyclen: Eine Rhodium-Dien-katalysierte Addition von Natriumtetraarylboraten an 2-Cycloalken-1-one mit einer anhängenden Alkineinheit führt zu Spirocarbocyclen. Dabei werden zwei neue C-C-Bindungen durch das Tetraarylborat gebildet, und der chirale Dienligand sorgt für den hoch enantioselektiven Aufbau quartärer Kohlenstoffspirozentren. [source]

    Marine fish diversity on the Scotian Shelf, Canada

    AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 4 2003
    Nancy L. Shackell
    Abstract 1.Marine life in offshore regions has not been fully censused, yet related conservation policy relies on our ability to identify areas of high biodiversity. 2.We assessed the census of marine finfish on the Scotian Shelf, Northwest Atlantic using data collected during annual research vessel surveys between 1970 and 2000. The species accumulation curve did not reach an asymptote reflecting that new species continued to be discovered throughout the survey period. Only 0.12% of the area of the Scotian Shelf has been sampled since 1970. 3.Since 1974, when over 50% of the species had been discovered, the community composition has been relatively constant. However, the dominance structure has changed dramatically as reflected in the geographic contraction of the formerly abundant, large-bodied piscivores concomitant with the geographic expansion of their prey species. 4.The region is under-sampled, and species' distribution and abundance are changing. A precise estimate of diversity is elusive. As an alternative, we searched for physical correlates of finfish diversity to identify its possible surrogates. Surrogates have potential both as a method for understanding process and as a tool for conservation management. We examined the effect of area and depth range on species richness. High species richness was associated with larger areas and greater depth range at large spatial scales. 5.Highly diverse areas include the Bay of Fundy, the Eastern Gully, the slopes, Western Bank and the northeastern shelf. Until now, the northeastern shelf has been under-appreciated as a highly diverse area. Such information will be important for environmental impact assessments as well as selection of ,sensitive' or protected areas. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: anti-Diastereo- and Enantioselective Carbonyl (Hydroxymethyl)allylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level: Allyl Carbonates as Allylmetal Surrogates.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 32 2010
    Yong Jian Zhang
    Abstract The first enantioselective carbonyl (hydroxymethyl)allylation in the presence of aromatic, allylic, or aliphatic alcohols (II) is reported employing an (S)-SEGPHOS-modified iridium C,O-benzoate complex to provide products (III) in good isolated yields, good anti-diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrazoles via [2 + 3]-Dipolar Cycloaddition Using Alkyne Surrogates.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 25 2010
    Sureshbabu Dadiboyena
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: One-Pot Synthesis of Oxazoles Using Isocyanide Surrogates.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 52 2009
    Laurent El Kaim
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Allylation Using Sulfones as Surrogates of Alkanes.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2009
    Jimmie D. Weaver
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: Carbonyl Propargylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level Employing 1,3-Enynes as Surrogates to Preformed Allenylmetal Reagents: A Ruthenium-Catalyzed C,C Bond-Forming Transfer Hydrogenation.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 41 2008
    Ryan L. Patman
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: A Bench-Stable Homodinuclear Ni2,Schiff Base Complex for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of ,-Tetrasubstituted anti-,,,-Diamino Acid Surrogates.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 26 2008
    Zhihua Chen
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselecitve Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination of Ammonia and Convenient Ammonia Surrogates.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 12 2008
    Mark J. Pouy
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

    Enecarbamates as Imine Surrogates: Nucleophilic Addition of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to Enecarbamates.

    CHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2007
    Shu Kobayashi
    Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]