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Surgical Simulation (surgical + simulation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences28%

Selected Abstracts

Surgical simulation,a ,good idea whose time has come'

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 7 2003
H. R. Champion
Technology assisted training will have a major impact worldwide [source]

STRANDS: Interactive Simulation of Thin Solids using Cosserat Models

COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2002
Dinesh K. Pai
Strandsare thin elastic solids that are visually well approximated as smooth curves, and yet possess essential physical behaviors characteristic of solid objects such as twisting. Common examples in computer graphics include: sutures, catheters, and tendons in surgical simulation; hairs, ropes, and vegetation in animation. Physical models based on spring meshes or 3D finite elements for such thin solids are either inaccurate or inefficient for interactive simulation. In this paper we show that models based on the Cosserat theory of elastic rods are very well suited for interactive simulation of these objects. The physical model reduces to a system of spatial ordinary differential equations that can be solved efficiently for typical boundary conditions. The model handles the important geometric non-linearity due to large changes in shape. We introduce Cosserat-type physical models, describe efficient numerical methods for interactive simulation of these models, and implementation results. [source]

A meshless Total Lagrangian explicit dynamics algorithm for surgical simulation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 8 2010
Ashley Horton
Abstract A method is presented for computing deformation of very soft tissue. The method is motivated by the need for simple, automatic model creation for real-time simulation. The method is meshless in the sense that deformation is calculated at nodes that are not part of an element mesh. Node placement is almost arbitrary. Fully geometrically nonlinear Total Lagrangian formulation is used. Geometric integration is performed over a regular background grid that does not conform to the simulation geometry. Explicit time integration is used via the central difference method. As an example the simple but fully nonlinear Neo-Hookean material model is employed. The results are compared with a finite element simulation to verify the usefulness of the method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Non-locking tetrahedral finite element for surgical simulation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 7 2009
Grand Roman Joldes
Abstract To obtain a very fast solution for finite element models used in surgical simulations, low-order elements, such as the linear tetrahedron or the linear under-integrated hexahedron, must be used. Automatic hexahedral mesh generation for complex geometries remains a challenging problem, and therefore tetrahedral or mixed meshes are often necessary. Unfortunately, the standard formulation of the linear tetrahedral element exhibits volumetric locking in case of almost incompressible materials. In this paper, we extend the average nodal pressure (ANP) tetrahedral element proposed by Bonet and Burton for a better handling of multiple material interfaces. The new formulation can handle multiple materials in a uniform way with better accuracy, while requiring only a small additional computation effort. We discuss some implementation issues and show how easy an existing Total Lagrangian Explicit Dynamics algorithm can be modified in order to support the new element formulation. The performance evaluation of the new element shows the clear improvement in reaction forces and displacements predictions compared with the ANP element in case of models consisting of multiple materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Minimally invasive surgical technologies: Challenges in education and training

ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2010
J Sándor
Abstract The laparoscopic revolution has fundamentally changed surgical technology. However, this new technology, with its unique psychomotor adaptations, has been a challenge for both experienced and novice surgeons. This review summarizes the history of practical education and training methods and those currently used to ensure surgeons safely practice these new surgical skills. Traditional training boxes, augmented reality simulators and virtual reality simulators represent recently developed educational tools. There are objective programs that subsequently assess the results of training by these simulation methods. Additionally, the advent of robotics in laparoscopic surgery has been accompanied by the introduction of computer-based robotic surgical simulators. Surgical curricula should also include non-technical skills training, particularly as global certification of technical and non-technical surgical skills is expected in the near future. Ultimately, these new systems of surgical simulation contribute to a decrease in surgical error as well as with reduced morbidity and mortality. [source]

Non-locking tetrahedral finite element for surgical simulation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 7 2009
Grand Roman Joldes
Abstract To obtain a very fast solution for finite element models used in surgical simulations, low-order elements, such as the linear tetrahedron or the linear under-integrated hexahedron, must be used. Automatic hexahedral mesh generation for complex geometries remains a challenging problem, and therefore tetrahedral or mixed meshes are often necessary. Unfortunately, the standard formulation of the linear tetrahedral element exhibits volumetric locking in case of almost incompressible materials. In this paper, we extend the average nodal pressure (ANP) tetrahedral element proposed by Bonet and Burton for a better handling of multiple material interfaces. The new formulation can handle multiple materials in a uniform way with better accuracy, while requiring only a small additional computation effort. We discuss some implementation issues and show how easy an existing Total Lagrangian Explicit Dynamics algorithm can be modified in order to support the new element formulation. The performance evaluation of the new element shows the clear improvement in reaction forces and displacements predictions compared with the ANP element in case of models consisting of multiple materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

An efficient hourglass control implementation for the uniform strain hexahedron using the Total Lagrangian formulation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 11 2008
Grand Roman Joldes
Abstract The under-integrated hexahedron is one of the best candidates for use in real-time surgical simulations, because of its computational efficiency. This element requires a very efficient method of controlling the zero energy (hourglass) modes that arise from one-point integration. An efficient implementation of the perturbation hourglass control method proposed by Flanagan and Belytschko for the uniform strain hexahedron is presented. The implementation uses the Total Lagrangian formulation and takes into consideration large deformations and rigid body motions. By using the Total Lagrangian formulation most of the necessary components for calculating the hourglass forces can be pre-computed, leading to a significant reduction of the additional computation time required for hourglass control. The performance evaluation results show the very good accuracy and computational efficiency of the presented algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]