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Surgical Prophylaxis (surgical + prophylaxis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Targeted Tailored Management of the Breast Cancer Patient at Risk for Harboring a Germline Mutation,Current Trends Affecting the Selection of Patients Considering Surgical Prophylaxis for Breast Cancer

THE BREAST JOURNAL, Issue 2009
Edibaldo Silva MD
Abstract:, Recent reports have documented the increasing use of mastectomy in women with breast cancer otherwise amenable to breast conservation. Similarly, other reports document an increase in the number of women undergoing contra-lateral prophylactic mastectomy for a single unilateral breast cancer. These trends are abetted by increasing use of MRI, inadequate risk counseling, and patient fear. Adequate and reliable risk assessment and genetic counseling are indispensable for the appropriate and personalized treatment of these individuals. In all of these instances, such counseling should be instituted well before the patients are submitted to any surgical intervention. An algorithm is presented which permits the orderly selection of patients who may benefit from such aggressive surgical intervention. [source]

Efficacy of desmopressin as surgical prophylaxis in patients with acquired von Willebrand disease undergoing thyroid surgery

HAEMOPHILIA, Issue 2 2002
M. FRANCHINI
Coagulation abnormalities may occur in patients with thyroid diseases. We report on 14 patients undergoing thyroid surgery for a thyroid disease with an alteration of coagulation parameters resembling von Willebrand disease. Subcutaneous desmopressin was first tested and then used successfully in these patients as surgical prophylaxis, with no side-effects or bleeding complications during or after surgery. This study highlights the need for coagulation studies in patients with thyroid diseases undergoing thyroid surgery. Subcutaneous desmopressin may be used in these patients in order to prevent a surgically related bleeding risk. [source]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and beyond: what's new in the world of the ,golden staph'?

ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 6 2004
Caroline Marshall
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to plague our hospitals. With the appearance of isolates that are resistant to vancomycin, now, more than ever, we must direct our efforts to controlling its development and spread. New antimicrobials have become available for treatment, but may only be a short-term answer. Our efforts towards control must be directed towards infection control measures such as improved hand hygiene with user-friendly products, such as alcohol-based hand disinfectants. Intranasal mupirocin may have a place in prevention of surgical site infection, although this role has not yet been clearly defined. Other areas where MRSA control may be effected include prudent controlled use of antibiotics, including surgical prophylaxis. [source]

Animal studies for the prevention of endophthalmitis

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009
RP KOWALSKI
Topical anti-infectives are commonly used to prevent post-surgical endophthalmitis. Animal models can be used for the development and selection of topical anti-infectives for optimizing ocular surgical prophylaxis. The primary outcome measures for providing prophylactic efficiency are antibacterial efficacy and anti-infective penetration into the anterior chamber. This curreent presentation will focus on a rabbit prevention of endophthalmitis model. Publish data will be presented detailing clinical correlation and limitations of the models. [source]

Performance indicators and the public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 10 2008
H. Humphreys
Abstract Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) makes evident the importance of the quality of patient care, and the increasing demand for public reporting of HCAI surveillance data and related quality indicators is thus not surprising. However, there is little evidence that public reporting results in improved patient care. Debate continues about which HCAI-related indicators are the best measures of performance and thus the most appropriate for public reporting. Suitable indicators should allow improvements leading to better patient outcomes, and should be comparable among hospitals and countries. Appropriate examples include central vascular catheter infections, surgical prophylaxis and surgical site infections. [source]

Audit of antibiotic prescribing in two governmental teaching hospitals in Indonesia

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 7 2008
U. Hadi
Abstract This article estimates the magnitude and quality of antibiotic prescribing in Indonesian hospitals and aims to identify demographic, socio-economic, disease-related and healthcare-related determinants of use. An audit on antibiotic use of patients hospitalized for 5 days or more was conducted in two teaching hospitals (A and B) in Java. Data were collected by review of records on the day of discharge. The method was validated through concurrent data collection in Hospital A. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine variables to explain antibiotic prescribing. Prescriptions were assessed by three reviewers using standardized criteria. A high proportion (84%) of 999 patients (499 in Hospital A and 500 in Hospital B) received an antibiotic. Prescriptions could be categorized as therapeutic (53%) or prophylactic (15%), but for 32% the indication was unclear. Aminopenicillins accounted for 54%, and cephalosporins (mostly third generation) for 17%. The average level of antibiotic use amounted to 39 DDD/100 patient-days. Validation revealed that 30% of the volume could be underestimated due to incompleteness of the records. Predictors of antibiotic use were diagnosis of infection, stay in surgical or paediatric departments, low-cost nursing care, and urban residence. Only 21% of prescriptions were considered to be definitely appropriate; 15% were inappropriate regarding choice, dosage or duration, and 42% of prescriptions, many for surgical prophylaxis and fever without diagnosis of infection, were deemed to be unnecessary. Agreement among assessors was low (kappa coefficients 0.13,0.14). Despite methodological limitations, recommendations could be made to address the need for improving diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery processes in this setting. [source]