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Successive Cycles (successive + cycle)
Selected AbstractsRecurrent palmar,plantar erythrodysaesthesia following high-dose cytarabine treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemiaEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2002Julie H. Crawford Abstract: Palmar,plantar erythrodysaesthesia (PPE) is an uncommon cutaneous complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy which generally presents as a painful erythema involving the palms and soles. It has been suggested that PPE caused by cytarabine does not recur with subsequent cytarabine re-challenge. We report a patient with recurrent, increasingly severe episodes of PPE, ultimately complicated by a severe bullous eruption, following successive cycles of high-dose cytarabine for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Contrary to previous recommendations, our experience cautions against the further use of high-dose cytarabine in patients who develop PPE, and is a timely reminder of the potential toxicity of this agent, which is now increasingly being used as first-line treatment in the management of haematologic malignancies. [source] Immobilization of Porphyrinatocopper Nanoparticles onto Activated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and a Study of its Catalytic Activity as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for a Click Approach to the Three-Component Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles in WaterADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 14-15 2009Hashem Sharghi Abstract An efficient, regioselective, one-pot and two-step synthesis of ,-hydroxy 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from a wide range of non-activated terminal alkynes and epoxides and sodium azide by way of a three-component click reaction using a catalytic amount of [meso -tetrakis(o -chlorophenyl)porphyrinato]copper(II) (5,mol%) in excellent isolated yields is described. The reactions were performed in water as a green solvent at ambient temperature without any additives. By performing two reaction steps in one pot and purifying only at the final step, this procedure excludes any interim purification of in situ generated organic azide intermediates, which significantly improves the overall yield and reduces the reaction time. To benefit from the recovery and reuse of the catalyst, a new heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by simple and successful impregnation of the catalyst onto activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMWCNT). The heterogeneous catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic forced microscopy (AFM), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis to estimate the amount of nitrogen adsorption, and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Leaching experiments after ten successive cycles showed that the catalyst is most strongly anchored to the AMWCNT support. Mechanistically, porphyrinatocopper catalyzes each step of the reaction in different ways as a bifunctional catalyst including epoxide ring opening by azide delivery to epoxide, forming in situ generated 2-azido alcohols followed by activation of the CC triple bond of the starting terminal alkynes by forming a porphyrinatocopper-acetylide intermediate and thereby promoting the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction as the key step to form the triazole framework. [source] FAP-1-mediated activation of NF-,B induces resistance of head and neck cancer to fas-induced apoptosisJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2007Eva Wieckowski Abstract Molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor resistance to apoptosis often involve the Fas/FasL pathway. While squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) express both Fas and FasL, their resistance to self-induced apoptosis or apoptosis mediated by Fas agonistic antibody (CH-11Ab) was independent of the level of Fas surface expression or the presence of soluble Fas in supernatants of primary or metastatic SCCHN cell lines. By in vitro immunoselection, using PCI-15A cell line treated with successive cycles of CH-11 Ab, Fas-resistant sublines with the parental genotype were selected. Such sublines failed to cleave caspase-8 upon Fas engagement and were resistant to CH-11 Ab, although they remained sensitive to VP-16 or staurosporin. In the presence of cycloheximide, the selected SCCHN sublines become susceptible to CH-11 Ab, and showed cleavage of caspase-8, suggesting that apoptosis resistance was mediated by an inhibitory protein(s) acting upstream of caspase-8. Overexpression of Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (FAP-1), but not cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) in SCCHN sublines was documented by Western blots and RT-PCR analyses. The FAP-1+ selected sublines also downregulated cell surface Fas. A high phosphorylation level of I,B,, NF,B activation and upregulation of Bcl-2 expression were observed in the FAP-1+ sublines. Treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor, orthovanadate, or silencing of FAP-1 with siRNA abolished their resistance to apoptosis, suggesting that FAP-1 phosphatase activity could be responsible for NF-,B activation and resistance of SCCHN cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 16,28, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Removal characteristics of some priority organic pollutants from water in a fixed bed fly ash columnJOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 12 2005Mitali Sarkar Abstract The efficiency of a coal fly ash (generated from a thermal power plant) adsorption column for the removal of some priority organic pollutants, viz phenol, o -hydroxyphenol, m -hydroxyphenol and 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution has been studied. The column performance was evaluated from the concept of the formation of a primary adsorption zone and the breakthrough curve. The extent of solute removal obtained from breakthrough curve during column operation was compared with that obtained from the isotherm parameters for batch operation. The loaded solutes in the column were successfully eluted with acetone, achieving 98% recovery. In order to determine the practical applicability of the column operation the process was repeated a number of times and the variation of column capacity with number of operation cycles was evaluated. Even after six successive cycles, the column was found to retain almost 80% capacity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] A REGIONAL ECONOMY, LAND USE, AND TRANSPORTATION MODEL (RELU-TRAN©): FORMULATION, ALGORITHM DESIGN, AND TESTING,JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2007Alex Anas ABSTRACT RELU is a dynamic general equilibrium model of a metropolitan economy and its land use, derived by unifying in a theoretically valid way, models developed by one of the authors [Anas (1982), Anas,Arnott (1991, 1997), Anas,Kim (1996), Anas,Xu (1999)]. RELU equilibrates floor space, land and labor markets, and the market for the products of industries, treating development (construction and demolition), spatial interindustry linkages, commuting, and discretionary travel. Mode choices and equilibrium congestion on the highway network are treated by unifying RELU with the TRAN algorithm of stochastic user equilibrium [Anas,Kim (1990)]. The RELU-TRAN algorithm's performance for a stationary state is demonstrated for a prototype consisting of 4-building, 4-industry, 4-labor-type, 15-land-use-zone, 68-link-highway-network version of the Chicago MSA. The algorithm solves 656 equations in a special block-recursive convergent procedure by iterations nested within loops and loops within cycles. Runs show excellent and smooth convergence from different starting points, so that the number of loops within successive cycles continually decreases. The tests also imply a numerically ascertained unique stationary equilibrium solution of the unified model for the calibrated parameters. [source] Secular changes in stature and body mass index for Chinese youth in sixteen major cities, 1950s,2005AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Cheng-Ye Ji Evidence shows a secular trend in physical growth in China in recent years. We analyze the secular trend of stature and body mass index (BMI) for the period 1950s,2005 to provide biological evidence for policy-makers to identify measures for improving Chinese children's health. Data come from the historical records in 1950s and the successive cycles of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. Subjects were 7- to 18-year-old youth from 16 cities. Sex,age differences in mean stature and BMI values between the surveys were analyzed, and the increments per decade were compared. An overall positive secular trend was found in 1950s,2005. Mean stature of the 18-year olds increased from 166.6 to 173.4 cm for males and from 155.8 to 161.2 cm for females, yielding rates of 1.3 and 1.1 cm/decade; the overall increments of BMI values were 2.6 for males and 1.8 for females, yielding rates of 0.8 and 0.6/decade, respectively. The most significant changes occurred during puberty. The overall positive secular trend is closely associated with the socioeconomic progress and the improvement of livelihood. Strong evidence suggests that in China this trend will be continued for many years. Further studies are needed to explore how to ensure healthy changes for poorer rural youth. Effective preventive strategies and measures should be taken to prevent the progressive increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity accompanying this trend. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Micropropagation of self-rooting juvenile clones by secondary somatic embryogenesis in Hevea brasiliensisPLANT BREEDING, Issue 2 2010Y. W. Hua With 2 figures and 5 tables Abstract Micropropagation of self-rooting juvenile clones in Hevea brasiliensis was established for two clones CATAS 7-33-97 and CATAS 88-13 through the following three steps: induction of primary embryos, embryo multiplication by secondary somatic embryogenesis in three successive cycles from a single culture of primary embryo and plant regeneration. The embryo multiplication coefficients of the two clones increased in the first cycle and reached the maximum in the second and the third cycle at the same rate. Significant effects of origins of embryo fragments and calcium on secondary embryogenesis were detected, the highest ratios of the regenerated embryos to primary embryos appeared, when embryo fragments close to the base of embryos were used and incubated in Murashige and Skoog (MS)-based callogenesis medium with 6.0 mm CaCl2 for CATAS 88-13 and 9.0 mm CaCl2 for CATAS 7-33-97. The highest rates of plant conversion were produced on MS-based plant regeneration medium with 4.5 and 9.0 ,m 2,4-D for CATAS 7-33-97 (85.0%) and 13.5 ,m for CATAS 88-13 (75.0%), being higher than other reports (60%). Finally, the application of this system was discussed. [source] Feeding dynamics in fish experiencing cycles of feed deprivation: a comparison of four speciesAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 7 2002Lei Wu Abstract The temporal dynamics of daily food consumption were examined in individually housed fish that experienced four cycles of 1 week of feed deprivation followed by 2 weeks of feeding to satiation. Four species were compared: European minnows Phoxinus phoxinus: Cyprinidae; three-spined sticklebacks Gasteosteus aculeatus: Gasterosteidae: gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio: Cyprinidae; and the longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris: Bagridae. The stickleback, carp and catfish showed significant compensatory increases in food intake following deprivation, with the response becoming clearer in successive cycles. The temporal pattern of consumption during the refeeding periods differed between the four species. In sticklebacks, daily intake over a refeeding period initially decreased, but then recovered. In minnows, intake tended to decline over a refeeding period. Gibel carp showed an increase in daily intake on refeeding, but this may have reflected an adverse response to weighing. Over a refeeding period, catfish had a weak tendency to show an initial decline, followed by an increase. These differences are discussed in relation to differences in experimental protocols and biological differences between the species. [source] | |||||||||||||