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Substance Loss (substance + loss)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Substance loss caused by scaling with different sonic scaler inserts , an in vitro study

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 1 2001
Thomas Kocher
Abstract Background, aims: Depending on the phase of periodontal treatment, power-driven inserts with different power levels are necessary: during initial treatment and flap operations, it must be possible to remove calculus which firmly adheres to the root surface with great efficiency; in contrast, gentle root-surface instrumentation has a high priority during maintenance treatment. Recently, modified sonic scaler inserts have been introduced: diamond-coated inserts for open flap operations and slim probe-shaped sonic scaler inserts for deplaqueing during maintenance. Method: We compared the substance removal by these inserts to that of a conventional insert. In a bench system which allows application force, stroke height, and width and frequency of instrumentation to be monitored and also permits assessment of the topography before and after instrumentation (yielding depth removal and removed volume), we instrumented aluminum rods in triplicate and bovine roots in a 5-fold repetition. Results: With high application forces (1.0 N), the diamond-coated inserts removed 30 to 50% more substance than the conventional one. Except for the slim inserts, there was a significant linear relationship between increasing force and removed volume. Probe-shaped inserts do not remove considerable substance even with increasing pressures. Conclusions: Diamond-coated inserts remove tooth substance very effectively and must thus be handled with care: more pressure effects more removal. Probe-shaped inserts can be used without risk during maintenance visits. [source]

Significant influence of scaler tip design on root substance loss resulting from ultrasonic scaling: a laserprofilometric in vitro study

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2004
Søren Jepsen
Abstract Objectives: Ultrasonic scalers have become increasingly popular for subgingival debridement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different working tip designs (narrow versus wide) on root substance loss caused by either magnetostrictive or piezoelectric ultrasonic devices. Methods: In this in vitro study, a magnetostrictive ultrasonic system with either Slimline or TFI-10 inserts and a piezoelectric ultrasonic system with either Perioprobe or Type-A inserts were compared at different application forces. Loss of root dentin was determined by defect width, defect depth and defect volume resulting from standardized instrumentation using laser profilometry. Results: There were consistent and statistically significant differences between all groups. The mean observed dentin alterations for the magnetostrictive ultrasonic device operating a Slimline insert at a lateral force of 0.3 N were 254.4 ,m, 6.3 ,m and 22.5 ,m3 and for the TFI-10 tip 759.0 ,m, 23.5 ,m and 160.2 ,m3 for the parameters defect width, depth and volume, respectively. For the piezoelectric ultrasonic system operating a Perioprobe insert, the corresponding mean values were 352.0 ,m/12.1 ,m/56.4 ,m3 and for the universal Type-A insert they were 402.4 ,m/14.0 ,m/133.4 ,m3. With application forces of 0.7 N, root substance removal increased up to twofold. Conclusion: The present investigation could demonstrate that the aggressiveness of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic devices to root substance was significantly influenced by the scaler tip designs, increasing for wider scaler tips as compared with narrow, probe-shaped inserts. [source]

Root defects following air polishing

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2003
An in vitro study on the effects of working parameters
Abstract Aim: Air-polishing devices (APDs) are highly effective in removing plaque and extrinsic staining. Their application on root surfaces, however, may result in clinically relevant substance removal, limiting the use in patients with periodontitis, where denuded root surfaces are frequently found. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to assess the influence of different working parameters on root damage and to identify those minimizing root damage. Material and methods: Defect depth and defect volume after instrumentation of roots with an APD (Dentsply Prophy-Jet®) using conventional NaHCO3 powder at instrumentation times of 5, 10 and 20 s, combinations of low, medium and high powder and water settings, distances of 2, 4 and 6 mm, and angulations of 45° and 90° were quantified laseroptically. A total of 297 roots were instrumented and parameter combinations were performed in triplicate. The influence of each working parameter on substance loss was determined by multiple regression analysis. Results: Time had the greatest influence on defect volume and depth (,-weights 0.6 and 0.57, respectively), when compared with powder setting (,-weights 0.49 and 0.3) and water setting (,-weights 0.28 and 0.3). Variations in distance affected defect depth (,-weight 0.44), but not volume (,-weight 0.04). No major differences were found at 45° and 90°. Various parameter combinations led to maximal defect depths of 473.5 ± 26.2 µm within 20 s. Conclusion: Root damage varies among combinations of working parameters. Using the APD with the assessed NaHCO3 powder, all parameter combinations led to substantial root damage. Thus, APDs using NaHCO3 may not be safely utilized on exposed root surfaces. Zusammenfassung Wurzeldefekte nach Pulverstrahlpolitur , Eine In-vitro-Untersuchung zur Auswirkung der Arbeitsparameter Hintergrund: Pulverstrahlgeräte sind sehr wirksam in der Entfernung von Plaque und externen Zahnverfärbungen. Die Bearbeitung von Wurzeloberflächen kann aber zu klinisch relevanten Hartsubstanzabträgen führen, die den Einsatz bei Parodontitispatienten einschränken, bei denen häufig entblößte Wurzeloberflächen gefunden werden. Zielsetzung: Untersuchung des Einflusses verschiedener Arbeitsparameter auf die Wurzeloberflächenschädigung mit dem Ziel diese zu reduzieren. Material und Methoden: Defekttiefe und ,volumen wurden nach Instrumentierung der Wurzeloberflächen mit einem Pulverstahlgerät (Dentsply Prophy-Jet®) bei Verwendung von konventionellem NaHCO3 -Pulver bei Bearbeitungszeiten von 5, 10 and 20 Sekunden, Kombinationen von niedrigen, mittleren und hohen Pulver- und Wassereinstellungen, Abständen von 2, 4 und 6 mm sowie Arbeitswinkeln von 45° und 90° laseroptisch quantifiziert. Insgesamt 297 Wurzeln extrahierter Zähne wurden bearbeitet und die Parameterkombinationen dreimal wiederholt. Der Einfluss der Arbeitsparameter auf den Substanzabtrag wurde für jeden Parameter mittels multipler Regressionsanalyse bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Zeit hatte den größten Einfluss auf Defektvolumen und -tiefe (ß-Gewichte 0,6 und 0,57) im Vergleich zur Pulver- (,-Gewichte 0,49 und 0,3) und Wassereinstellung (,-Gewichte 0,28 und 0,3). Veränderungen des Arbeitsabstandes beeinflussten die Defekttiefe (,-Gewicht 0,44), aber nicht das Volumen (,-Gewicht 0,04). Keine wesentlichen Unterschiede wurden zwischen den Arbeitswinkeln 45° und 90° gefunden. Die verschiedenen Parameterkombinationen führten zu maximalen Defekttiefen von 473,5±26,2 ,m innerhalb von 20 s. Schlussfolgerung: Der Substanzabtrag von Wurzeloberflächen unterscheidet sich für die verschiedenen Kombinationen der Arbeitsparameter. Bei Verwendung von Pulverstrahlgeräten mit dem untersuchten NaHCO3 -Pulver führten alle Kombinationen der Arbeitsparameter zu wesentlichen Substanzverlusten. Deshalb können Pulverstrahlgeräte mit NaHCO3 nicht sicher zur Reinigung freiliegender Wurzeloberflächen verwendet werden. Résumé Lésions radiculaires après aéro-polissage- une étude in vitro sur les effets des paramètres de travail. But de l'étude: Les aéro-polisseurs (APDs) sont très efficace pour l'élimination de la plaque et des colorations extrinsèques. Leur application sur les surfaces radiculaires, cependant, peut résulter en l'élimination cliniquement significative de substance ce qui limite leur utilisation chez les patients souffrant de parodontite, chez lesquels on observe fréquemment des dénudations radiculaires C'est pourquoi cette étude se propose de mettre en évidence l'influence des divers paramètres de travail sur les dommages radiculaires et d'identifier ceux qui limiteraient ces dommages. Matériels et Méthodes: La profondeur des lésions et le volume après instrumentation des racines avec un APD (Dentsply Prophy-Jet®) utilisant une poudre classique de NaHCO3 sur des durées d'utilisation de 5, 10 et 20 secondes, avec des combinaisons de réglages d'eau et de poudre bas, moyen et fort, à des distances de 2, 4 et 6 mm, et avec des angulations de 45° et 90° furent quantifiées par laser-optique. 297 racines furent instrumentées et les combinaisons de paramètres furent appliquées trois fois. L'influence de chaque paramètre de travail sur la perte de substance fut déterminée par analyse de régression multiple. Resultats: La durée avait la plus grande influence sur le volume des lésions et sur leurs profondeurs (,-poids 0.6 et 0.57 respectivement), lorsqu'on la comparait avec les réglages de poudre (,-poids 0.49 et 0.3) et d'eau (,-poids 0.28 et 0.3). Les variations de distance affectait les profondeurs des lésions (,-poids 0.44), mais pas le volume (,-poids 0.04). Aucune différence majeure ne put être trouvée entre les angulations. Les diverses combinaisons de paramètre entraînaient des profondeur de défaut maximales de 473.5±26.2 ,m en 20 s. Conclusion: les dommages radiculaires varient selon les combinaisons de paramétres de travail. Lors de l'utilisation de l'APD avec sa poudre de NaHCO3, toutes les combinaisons entraînaient des dommages radiculaires substantiels. Ainsi, les APDs à NaHCO3 ne peuvent pas être utilises en toute sécurité sur les surfaces radiculaires exposées. [source]

Wear of human enamel and nano-filled composite resin denture teeth under different loading forces

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 1 2009
M. GHAZAL
Summary, To evaluate and correlate the two-body wear of human enamel and nano-filled composite resin teeth with the loading forces used in a dual-axis chewing simulator. Three groups of human enamel and three of nano-filled composite resin teeth were tested in a chewing simulator. Zirconia ceramic balls were used as antagonists. The teeth were tested with three different loading forces (20, 49 and 78 N). Wear was analysed by measuring the volume and vertical substance loss using a laser scanner after 300000 chewing cycles. Data were statistically analysed using two-way anova followed by the Scheffé test (P , 0·05). Spearman correlation test was used to determine whether there was a relationship between the loading force and the degree to which the human enamel and composite resin had worn. An increase in the loading force significantly increased the wear of composite resin and of human enamel. The effect of the loading force on the wear was statistically significant at the 0·001 level. Human enamel showed a lower volume and vertical substance loss than composite resin under loading forces of 20 and 49 N and lower vertical loss under loading force of 78 N. The correlation between the volume loss and loading force was statistically significant (r = 0·616, P < 0·001). Nano-filled composite resin and human enamel exhibited different amount of wear under different loading forces. In general, human enamel showed less vertical substance loss than nano-filled composite resin. [source]