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Subordinate Position (subordinate + position)
Selected AbstractsThe angiosperm radiation revisited, an ecological explanation for Darwin's ,abominable mystery'ECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 9 2009Frank Berendse Abstract One of the greatest terrestrial radiations is the diversification of the flowering plants (Angiospermae) in the Cretaceous period. Early angiosperms appear to have been limited to disturbed, aquatic or extremely dry sites, suggesting that they were suppressed in most other places by the gymnosperms that still dominated the plant world. However, fossil evidence suggests that by the end of the Cretaceous the angiosperms had spectacularly taken over the dominant position from the gymnosperms around the globe. Here, we suggest an ecological explanation for their escape from their subordinate position relative to gymnosperms and ferns. We propose that angiosperms due to their higher growth rates profit more rapidly from increased nutrient supply than gymnosperms, whereas at the same time angiosperms promote soil nutrient release by producing litter that is more easily decomposed. This positive feedback may have resulted in a runaway process once angiosperms had reached a certain abundance. Evidence for the possibility of such a critical transition to angiosperm dominance comes from recent work on large scale vegetation shifts, linking long-term field observations, large scale experiments and the use of simulation models. [source] Networks, firms and upgrading within the blue-jeans industry: evidence from TurkeyGLOBAL NETWORKS, Issue 1 2007NEBAHAT TOKATLI Abstract Since the late 1980s, industry characteristics, country-specific contingencies and international conditions have come together and turned Turkey into a major exporter of jeans. It now has a 6.5 per cent share of the world's market. In this article, I explore this transformation and point out that it has created, especially in the 1990s, significant upgrading opportunities for Turkish firms. A large number of Turkish manufacturing firms are now full-package contractors for a diversified list of brand-name jeans. Some of these manufacturers are also experimenting with functional upgrading by developing their own brands and selling them abroad. Local firms, despite their subordinate position in the value chain, can go beyond low value-added manufacturing and encroach on the core competencies of lead firms. [source] Incrementalism and Path Dependence: European Integration and Institutional Change in National ParliamentsJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2001Dionyssis G. Dimitrakopoulos This article analyses the manner in which the Parliaments of France, the UK and Greece have reacted to the process of European integration. It is argued that their reactions display an incremental logic marked by slow, small and marginal changes based on existing institutional repertoires. In all three cases Parliaments have used familiar mechanisms and procedures which they have modified only marginally. This reaction was path dependent, i.e. it was consistent with long-established patterns reflecting the subordinate position of these Parliaments within national polities. [source] Is China turning Latin?JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2010China's balancing act between power, dependence in the lead up to global crisis Abstract China's apparent escape from the external constraints of peripheral late industrialisation in the build up to the global economic crisis of 2007,2009 has been recent and remains tenuous. Before its spectacular trade surpluses of the 2000s, China's external accounts reflected many of these constraints. Even in the midst of the surplus surge, external vulnerabilities of a peripheral nature have persisted. Besides the issue of export dependence, which is the conventional focus of most crisis-related studies on China, vulnerabilities have been more profoundly related to the dominance of foreign ownership in China's export sector and to the relatively subordinate position of this export sector within the massive rerouting of international production networks via China that followed the East Asian crisis, in large part led by Northern transnational corporations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Female saints and the practice of Islam in Sylhet, BangladeshAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 3 2008ALYSON CALLAN ABSTRACT Unlike the saintly power of her male counterpart, which is conceived as an attribute of the individual, the spiritual power of the female saint in Sylhet, Bangladesh, is attributed to a supernatural entity that is temporarily affiliated with her. This difference cannot simply be regarded as an example of gendered domains of religious practice, in which men study the Qu'ran and women traffic with spirits, as in Sylhet, male healers practice with the aid of spirits. I describe how one woman's saintly status allowed her to resist the virilocal rule of residence, a patriarchal structure that is said to underpin women's subordinate position in Bangladesh. Her story demonstrates that Islam cannot be conflated with patriarchy and that it may support women's emancipation from structures of male authority. The meaning of Islam is context dependent and revised through practice. [Islam, gender, agency, sainthood, Bangladesh, spirit possession, healing] [source] Consent as Resistance, Resistance as Consent: Re-Reading Part-Time Professionals' Acceptance of Their Marginal PositionsGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 6 2006Penny Dick The part-time employee has traditionally occupied a marginal position in organizations. The recent increase in the numbers of part-time professionals, however, has been seen as offering potential for the status of the part-time employee to improve. Evidence to date suggests that this improvement has not taken place and that the part-time professional is also marginalized. Interestingly, research suggests that part-time professionals may not experience their subordinate positions as problematic, often believing that the drawbacks of reduced hours working are a legitimate consequence of their ,choice' to work part-time. Such ,choices' are frequently attributed to part-timers' prioritization of non-work activities. In this article, using a Foucauldian approach to identity, we argue that choices need to be understood as both situated in time and space and constituted through discourse. Using these ideas we provide a re-reading of part-timers' consent to their marginalization, arguing that their responses to their positions at work can also be understood as resistance to some of the dominant norms of professionalism. We set out the conditions that might be implicated in translating subjective resistance into more material actions. [source] | ||||||||||