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Selected AbstractsEffect of a nutritional liquid supplement designed for the patient with diabetes mellitus (Glucerna SR) on the postprandial glucose state, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in healthy subjectsDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 3 2006M. González-Ortiz Aim:, To identify the effect of a nutritional liquid supplement designed for the patient with diabetes mellitus (Glucerna SR) in single administration on the postprandial glucose state, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. Methods:, A randomized, single-blind, cross-over, clinical trial was carried out in 14 young, healthy, non-obese, volunteers. A basal metabolic profile, which included glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and uric acid, was measured. Subjects received a single administration of 300 kcal, gauged with water at 350 ml, of each of the following (at least 3 days apart): glucose 75 g, polymeric supplement (Ensure high calcium) 315 ml or Glucerna SR 323 ml. At the beginning of each administration and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min later, glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. Areas under the curve of glucose and insulin were calculated. First-phase and total insulin secretions and insulin sensitivity were also estimated. Results:, Glucose level at 120 min was significantly lower after receiving Ensure high calcium or Glucerna SR. Administration of Glucerna SR resulted in a significant reduction in the areas under the curve of glucose and insulin, as well as in total insulin secretion with a tendency to be lower in their first phase. Insulin sensitivity was increased. Conclusions:, A single administration of Glucerna SR to healthy subjects decreased the postprandial glucose and insulin states, as well as the insulin secretion; insulin sensitivity increased. [source] Age-related changes in the dynamics of human albino visual pathwaysEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 7 2003Magella M. Neveu Abstract A deficiency of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium, which regulates the development of neural retina, leads to chiasmal misrouting such that the uncrossed pathway (to the ipsilateral hemisphere) is reduced relative to the crossed pathway (to the contralateral hemisphere). This study examines age-related changes in the flash and pattern appearance visual evoked potentials (VEP) of human albinos. Scalp recorded cortical VEPs to flash (FVEP) and pattern appearance stimulation were recorded in 58 albino (8 months to 60 years) and 34 normal subjects (4,55 years). VEPs were analysed by amplitude and latency. The contralateral hemisphere FVEP amplitude decreased with age in albino subjects, as in both hemispheres in normals. However, the ipsilateral hemisphere FVEP amplitude was significantly lower in young albino subjects, initially giving a marked interhemispheric asymmetry, but this normalized with age. Significant interhemispheric FVEP latency asymmetries were not observed. The contralateral pattern appearance VEP latency in albino subjects decreased with age, as in both hemispheres in normals; the ipsilateral latency increased significantly with age. Significant interhemispheric pattern appearance VEP amplitude asymmetries were not observed. These novel and unexpected observations indicate significant age-related changes in the retinocortical pathways of the human albino. These changes have implications for our understanding of development and plasticity of the central visual pathways. [source] Change in hepatitis A virus seroepidemiology in southern Taiwan: a large percentage of the population lack protective antibodyJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2001Shih-Min Wang Abstract Hepatitis A, the predominant reported etiologic form of viral hepatitis in Taiwan, continues to be a disease primarily of children and young adults. A seroepidemiologic study was performed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis A (HAV) antibodies in the southern Taiwan general population in 1998 and is compared with results of a similar study in 1992. A total of 948 subjects (477 male and 471 female) with ages ranging from 0.3 to 63 years were stratified into 14 age-specific groups. The presence of anti-HAV antibodies was detected using a commercially available radioimmunoassay. Fifteen percent of the subjects were positive for anti-HAV antibodies, which is lower than that in 1992 (P,<,0.001). Seroprevalences were 14.1% for males and 22.6% for females (P,=,0.006). The pattern of anti-HAV seroprevalence was distinguishable from that found in 1992; minimum seroconversion occurred at ages ranging from 1 to 30 years. Prevalence of seropositive subjects decreased markedly for the <,1, 13,15, 16,19, 20,24, 25,29, and 30,39 year age groups in comparing 1998 with 1992. The current study demonstrates a continuing decline in the prevalence of HAV among children, adolescents, and young adults. The findings can be ascribed to the improvement of socioeconomic status and modernization of environmental sanitation. As a consequence of this changing trend of endemicity and the resulting lack hepatitis A antibodies among the general population in Taiwan, the risk of sudden major outbreaks is increased because of increasing international travel and immigration, particularly during and after natural disasters. HAV vaccination will be important for the prevention and control of HAV outbreaks in the community. J. Med. Virol. 64:104,108, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Assessment of inhaled corticosteroid treatment response in asthma using hypertonic histamine challenge-induced coughTHE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010Minna Purokivi Abstract Background and Aims:, Bronchial provocation tests may be utilised to monitor the efficacy of the corticosteroid treatment. Unfortunately, these measurements necessitate good patient cooperation during the spirometry. Coughing during such tests is related to the degree of the bronchoconstriction and occurs involuntarily, i.e. independent of patient cooperation. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a hypertonic histamine challenge-induced cough in assessing the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Methods:, A total of 16 steroid-naďve asthmatics and 10 non-asthmatic, symptomatic controls received 800-µg beclomethasone (Beclomet Easyhaler®, Orion Ltd., Orion Pharma, Helsinki, Finland) via powder inhaler per day for 8 weeks. Videoed inhalation challenge with hypertonic histamine solution was performed before and after the treatment. Symptom questionnaire was completed before both challenges. The airway responsiveness to hypertonic histamine was expressed as the cumulative number of coughs divided by the final histamine concentration administered [coughs/concentration ratio (CCR)] and as the provocative concentration of histamine to induce a 20% fall in FEV1(PC20). Results:, CCR [geometric mean; 95% confidence interval (CI)] of the asthmatic subjects decreased from 494 (209,1168) to 73.6 (29.8,182) coughs per mg/mL (P = 0.002). Their PC20 levels were 1.31 (1.07,1.60) and 1.91 (1.33,2.74) mg/mL over the treatment period (P = 0.01). The symptom frequency also decreased significantly in the asthmatics (P = 0.039). There were no significant changes in PC20 level, in CCR level or in symptom frequency in non-asthmatic subjects during the treatment. Conclusions:, Hypertonic histamine challenge-induced cough and PC20 are sensitive measures in assessing the treatment effect in asthma. The cough response may be especially useful in subjects who cannot perform spirometry reliably. Please cite this paper as: Purokivi M, Koskela H, Koistinen T, Peuhkurinen K and Kontra KM. Assessment of inhaled corticosteroid treatment response in asthma using hypertonic histamine challenge-induced cough. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 67,73. [source] | |||||||||||||