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Strength Increases (strength + increase)
Selected AbstractsPolystyrene/CaCO3 composites with different CaCO3 radius and different nano-CaCO3 content,structure and propertiesPOLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 7 2010Linlin Zha The Archimedes' principle and physical theory are attempted to analysis the densification and structure of the polystyrene (PS) composites by melt compounding with CaCO3 having different particle size. The difference between the measured specific volume (,) andthe theoretically calculated specific volume (,mix), ,, = ,,,mix, can reflect the densification of the composites. It is clearly demonstrated that the PS composites become more condensed with the reduction of the CaCO3 particle size. Especially, when the content for nano-CaCO3 achieves 2 wt%, the ,, value of the composites reaches the least, which shows the best densification. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature (Tg) reaches the maximum value of about 100°C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), which indirectly reveals the composites microstructure more condensed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that 2 wt% nano-CaCO3 uniformly disperses in PS composites. The CaCO3 selected in this experiment has certain toughening effect on PS. The impact and tensile strength increase with addition of nano-CaCO3, but the elongation at break decreases. When nano-CaCO3 content achieved 2 wt%, the impact and tensile strength present the maximum value of 1.63 KJ/m2 and 44.5 MPa, which is higher than the pure PS and the composites filled with the same content of micro-CaCO3. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1258,1264, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] Semiclassical path integral theory of a double-well potential in an electric fieldINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2006Theodosios G. Douvropoulos Abstract A recently published methodology based on semiclassical path integral (SCPI) theory was implemented in the case of a model of a double-well potential perturbed by a static electric field, with application to the inversion frequency of NH3. This model was chosen as an idealized case for testing of the present approach, as well as for quantum mechanical models that might be applied in the future. The calculations were concerned with the variation of the frequency of inversion as a function of field strength, F, and of distance, xf (from the symmetric point xo = 0), where the field is "felt." It is found that this variation occurs sharply in very small regions of values of these parameters, and the system switches from internal oscillation to diffusion to the continuum. The fact that the theory is in analytic form allows the extraction of results and conclusions not only at the full SCPI level, but also at the Jeffreys,Wentzel,Kramers,Brillouin (JWKB) level. Comparison shows that the discrepancy sets in as the field strength increases, in accordance with the well-known limitations of the JWKB method regarding its dependence on the degree of variation of the potential as a function of position. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 [source] Acrylic Triblock Copolymer Design for Thermoreversible Gelcasting of Ceramics: Rheological and Green Body PropertiesJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2009M. E. Seitz Thermoreversible gelcasting (TRG) is an attractive net-shape powder-based processing technique which relies on the temperature-driven gelation of a polymer solution. This study uses the TRG of alumina to investigate the implications of triblock copolymer design (block length, endblock fraction, and midblock chemistry) on rheological and green body properties. The liquid-to-solid transition and relaxation time in the gel state are controlled by the polymer's endblock length while the total polymer length controls the viscosity at high temperature. Although triblock design and concentration do not affect the green body porosity or sintered density, they do have significant effects on green body behavior. Triblocks with a high fraction of rubbery midblock behave as elastomers and confer significant toughness to the green bodies. In contrast, those with glassy midblocks increase the strength of the body but also behave in a brittle manner. Green body strength increases with increasing triblock concentration and is well described by a model for the strength of ceramic bodies with the binder localized at the particle necks. [source] The role of Kelvin,Helmholtz instability in dusty and partially ionized outflowsMONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2008Mohsen Shadmehri ABSTRACT We investigate the linear theory of Kelvin,Helmholtz instability at the interface between a partially ionized dusty outflow and the ambient material analytically. We model the interaction as a multifluid system in a planar geometry. The unstable modes are independent from the charge polarity of the dust particles. Although our results show a stabilizing effect for charged dust particles, the growth time-scale of the growing modes gradually becomes independent of the mass or charge of the dust particles when the magnetic-field strength increases. We show that growth time-scale decreases with increasing the magnetic field. Also, as the mass of the dust particles increases, the growth time-scale of the unstable mode increases. [source] Chaotic volumetric transports in a single-screw extrusion processPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 4 2003W. R. Hwang Volumetric material transports across distinct regions in the Chaos Screw (CS) system were described in terms of the volume-preserving lobe dynamics. Kinematic properties of a spatially periodic Poincaré map were studied first with the volume- and orientation-preserving two-dimensional map, in order to provide mathematical frame works for analyses of manifold structures. The perturbed hyperbolic fixed point and the associated stable and unstable manifolds were obtained numerically. These manifolds form homoclinic tangles, and they divide the cross-sectional area into three distinct regions: left, right, and outer. Six volumetric flow rates between the three regions were described in terms of the associated lobe dynamics. As the perturbation strength increases, representative flow rates between these regions were found to increase linearly as long as the fraction of no-barrier zone is small. [source] Modification of High Lignin Content Kraft Pulps with Laccase to Improve Paper Strength Properties.BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 1 2004Laccase was reacted with gallic acid in the presence of a high-, (91) kraft pulp. The result was a modified pulp with 34%, 20%, and 72% improvements in burst, tensile, and wet tensile strength compared to untreated control samples. Fully bleached pulps were not responsive to the laccase treatment, indicating lignin was the major target for the fiber modification. The results indicate that the strength increases were a combined effect of improvements of hydrogen bonding between fibers and creation of phenoxy radical cross-links within the sheet. [source] Diffusion-Influenced Reversible Trapping Problem in the Presence,of,an,External FieldCHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 1-2 2006Soohyung Park Abstract We investigate the field effect on the diffusion-influenced reversible trapping problem in one dimension. The exact Green function for a particle undergoing diffusive motion between two static reversible traps with a constant external field is obtained. From the Green function, we derive the various survival probabilities. Two types of trap distribution for the many-body problem are considered, the periodic and random distributions. The mean survival probability is obtained for the crossing-forbidden case for the two types of trap distribution. For the periodic distribution it decays exponentially. For the random trap distribution, similar to the irreversible case, there exists a critical field strength at which the long time asymptotic behavior undergoes a kinetic transition from the power law to exponential behaviors. The difference between equilibrium concentrations for the two types of trap distribution due to the fluctuation effect of trap concentration vanishes as the field strength increases. [source] | |||||||||||||