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State Regulation (state + regulation)
Selected AbstractsEffect of an early intervention programme on low birthweight infants with cerebral injuriesJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 12 2004S Ohgi Objective: To determine the effect of an early intervention programme (EIP) on low birthweight infants with cerebral injuries. Methods: Subjects were 23 high-risk low birthweight infants (periventricular leukomalacia 15, intraventricular haemorrhage 5, both 3) receiving care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Nagasaki University Hospital. Subjects were randomly assigned to the EIP group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 11). Participants in the EIP group received a Neonatal Behavioral Assessment scale (NBAS)-based intervention combined with developmental support designed to enhance the infants' development and the quality of the parent,infant relationship. The control group received routine medical nursing care without the EIP. The EIP began prior to discharge from the NICU and lasted until 6 months of corrected age. All children were examined on the NBAS preintervention and again at 44 weeks postconceptional age. Maternal anxiety status (STAI) and maternal feelings of confidence in dealing with her baby (LCC) were measured pre and postintervention. Mental and motor development was assessed postintervention using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development. Results: Orientation and State Regulation of infant behavioural profiles, the STAI and LCC scores significantly improved in the EIP group (mean difference (95% CI): Orientation 0.7 (0.4, 1.1), State Regulation 0.9 (0.3, 1.5), STAI ,5.5 (, 9.1, ,1.9, LCC 5.3 (4.2, 6.5)), but not in the control group. Bayley mental developmental index (MDI) score in the EIP group was higher than in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (mean difference (95% CI): MDI 8.5 (, 0.8, 17.8), PDI 6.7 (, 1.9, 15.4)). Conclusion: The EIP has beneficial effects on neonatal neurobehavioural development and maternal mental health of low birthweight infants with cerebral injuries. This evidence suggests that short-term changes in maternal mental health and infant neurobehaviour promoted by an EIP may serve to initiate a positive interaction between parents and infants. [source] The Effect of State Regulations on Motor Vehicle Fatalities for Younger and Older Drivers: A Review and AnalysisTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2001David C. Grabowski Policymakers have had a long-standing interest in improving the motor vehicle safety of both younger and older drivers. Although younger and older drivers share the distinction of having more crashes and fatalities per mile driven than other age groups, the problems posed by these two groups stem from different origins and manifest in different ways. A number of state-level policies and regulations may affect the number of motor vehicle crashes and fatalities in these two high-risk groups. A critical review of the existing literature in regard to the risk factors and the effects of various policy measures on motor vehicle crashes in these two high-risk populations provides direction for policymakers and high-priority areas of interest for the research community. [source] The Spatially Splintered State: Myths and Realities in the Regulation of Marine Fisheries in Tamil Nadu, IndiaDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2003Maarten Bavinck The spatial dimension of law is a neglected field of study. This article responds to suggestions that have been made to develop a ,geography of law', and investigates expressions of State-centred law regarding common pool natural resources. It asks how variations in law between lower-level territorial units are to be explained in situations where patterns of resource exploitation are similar and the overarching State proclaims an even approach. To explore these issues, the article focuses on a case study of Tamil Nadu marine fisheries. Comparing the reality of State regulation in different coastal districts, the author argues that the State occupies a relatively weak position vis-à-vis user groups, and strives to maximize its legitimacy by adapting to local political circumstances. The end result is a legal patchwork with strong spatial connotations. [source] Old-time militancy and the economic realities: towards a reassessment of the dockers' experienceINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Dan Coffey ABSTRACT This article makes the case for a fundamental reassessment of an important stage in the history of industrial relations in the UK port transport sector vis-à-vis the regulation of employment and the controversial demise of the National Dock Labour Scheme. It argues that the popular view that state regulation combined with trade union organisation and restrictive working practices in the 1970s and 1980s to undermine the competitiveness of the port transport sector lacks convincing empirical foundations. It notes some implications for wider debates around Britain's variety of capitalism. [source] The Supply-Side Model of Religion: The Nordic and Baltic StatesJOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2000Steve Bruce The paper uses the fortunes of religion in the Nordic and Baltic States to identify weakness s in the supply-side model of religious behaviour promoted by Stark, Finke and Iannaccone. Changes in religious observance in the Nordic countries over the twentieth century, and comparisons between them, contradict a number of supply-side propositions. Comparisons between the Baltic states similarly show no support for supply-side claims. Instead both clusters suggest that the fate of religion owes more to its links with ethnicity, national consciousness and national conflict and to the theology and ecclesiology of the religion in question than to issues of state regulation. [source] THE ADOPTION OF STATE ELECTRICITY REGULATION: THE ROLE OF INTEREST GROUPS,THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2006CHRISTOPHER R. KNITTEL This paper examines the adoption of state electricity regulation around the beginning of the 20th century. I model this decision as a hazard rate to determine what influenced the adoption of state regulation. I find that adoption is positively correlated with capacity shortages, greater wealth and lower residential electricity penetration rates. These results suggest that state regulation responded to regulatory inefficiencies and residential consumer interests. In addition, adoption rates were higher in states that had a strong industrial and coal mining presence. These results are consistent with the interest group and contracting theories of regulation. [source] Neonatal behavioural profile and crying in premature infants at term ageACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2006Shohei Ohgi Abstract Aim: To analyse behavioural characteristics of infants who cried more versus those who cried less, in a sample of low-risk premature infants. Methods: Participants were 63 low-risk healthy premature infants. At term age, the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) was administered, and a 1-d diary for crying was recorded starting on the following day. Infants were categorized into two groups: those with "high level of crying" (,75th percentile) and those with "less crying" (<75th percentile), based on the total amount of crying time. Results: Some individual NBAS scores and "habituation" and "regulation of state" cluster scores were lower in the high-level-of-crying group. Infants in the group with a high level of crying had lower thresholds for response in the "peak of excitement", "rapidity of build-up", "irritability" and "general irritability" items. Logistic regression analysis revealed that lower "habituation" and "regulation of state" cluster scores were significantly associated with lower thresholds for crying. Conclusion: These results suggest that neonatal behavioural characteristics, such as hyperresponsivity and poor state regulation, are associated with high levels of crying. Clinical assessments based on the NBAS may help parents elucidate their infant's level of tolerance for stimuli, and identify strategies to minimize their crying. [source] Can you keep a secret?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Confidentiality in psychotherapy Abstract Confidentiality is the secret-keeping duty that arises from the establishment of the professional relationship psychologists develop with their clients. It is a duty created by the professional relationship, it is set forth in the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct, and it is codified in many state regulations. However, the difference between confidentiality and legal privilege; how, why, and when it can be violated; and the reasons for so doing are not well understood by many practitioners. While on the surface confidentiality might seem to be an easy concept to apply to professional practice, in fact it is quite complex and filled with exceptions that frequently differ from circumstance to circumstance and from state to state. A lack of respect for and a lack of familiarity with the significance of these exceptions could have dire professional consequences. This article reviews the ethical imperative of confidentiality and then provides examples of legal cases that help to better understand its complexity. Then, we offer strategies designed to help metal health practitioners when they are confronted with questions regarding confidentiality and privilege. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1,12, 2008. [source] Navigating fieldwork politics, practicalities and ethics in the upland borderlands of northern VietnamASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 2 2010Christine BonninArticle first published online: 28 JUL 2010 Abstract In this article, I detail and evaluate the negotiations I had to broker to conduct ethnographic research on marketplace vendors and trade in the upland borderlands of northern Vietnam. Working with the analogy of the numerous ,lines' I was constrained by, had to manoeuvre around, and at times crossed over, I begin with a discussion of the ,official lines' or state regulations imposed upon my research and how I worked with, or negotiated these limitations. I then reveal the important ,border guards' or gatekeepers, such as local state actors and also field assistants, who enabled or constrained access to informants in numerous different ways. I also highlight the logistical and practical lines that I had to accept and indeed, often draw, to accomplish my study. I conclude with a consideration of how friendships in the field drew me beyond the lines I had originally drawn around my research. These relationships furthered my anxiety over the possibilities for conducting research that ultimately contributes towards social justice in a constrained political setting such as that which presently characterises Vietnam. [source] | ||||||||||||||||