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Statistical Significant Difference (statistical + significant_difference)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Allergy & Clinical Immunology	16%
Obstetrics & Gynecology	12%
14 Other Subdomains	72%

Selected Abstracts

Defining the Clinical Characteristics of Peyronie's Disease in Young Men

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2007
Serkan Deveci MD
ABSTRACT Introduction., Peyronie's disease (PD) is usually seen in men in their fifth decade of life. Aim., In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the disease in young men. Main Outcome Measures., The demographics, clinical features, and associated comorbidities of the patients with PD were retrospectively reviewed. Methods., The findings were compared between men with the disease who were under 40 years of age with those over 40 years. Statistical analyses were conducted to define differentiating features between these two groups. Results., Of the 296 patients, 32 were under the age of 40 years and 264 over 40 years. The mean duration of the disease was 2 ± 4 and 6 ± 8 months in the respective age groups. Fifty-six percent of the patients under the age of 40 years and 75% of the patients over this age presented with curvature (P < 0.01). Thirty-seven percent under 40 years and 12% men over 40 years had more than one plaque at presentation (P < 0.01). Dupuytren's contracture was seen only in patients over 40 years of age. Pain at presentation was found in 75% under the age of 40 years and in 65% over 40 years (P = 0.03). Trauma history was found in 18% under 40 years and in 5% over this age (P < 0.01). Statistical significant differences were found between the groups under and over the age of 40 years for hypertension (P < 0.01) and dyslipidemia (P < 0.01). Diabetes was noted in 50% of the patients under the age of 40 years and in 18% of the patients over this age (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of conditions associated in men with PD under 40 years of age showed statistical significant differences for diabetes (P = 0.015), presentation within 6 months (P = 0.004), and having multiple plaques (P = 0.008). Conclusions., Young men with PD are more likely to present at an earlier stage of the disease, to have diabetes, and to have more than one plaque at the time of presentation. Deveci S, Hopps CV, O'Brien K, Parker M, Guhring P, and Mulhall JP. Defining the clinical characteristics of Peyronie's disease in young men. J Sex Med 2007;4:485,490. [source]

A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction

HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 6 2002
Byung-Jo Kang
Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ginkgo biloba on antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. The Ginkgo biloba (n=19) and the placebo groups (n=18) were divided; each to be administered with Ginkgo biloba and placebo respectively for 2 months by means of a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The results of this 2 month trial were: (1) there was no statistical significant difference from the placebo at weeks 2, 4 and 8 after medication; (2) in comparison with baseline, both the Ginkgo biloba group and the placebo group showed improvement in some part of the sexual function, which is suggestive of the importance of the placebo effect in assessing sexual function. This study did not replicate a prior positive finding supporting the use of Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant, especially SSRI, induced sexual dysfunction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with increased risk and progression of renal cell carcinoma in a Japanese population

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 6 2007
Wataru Obara
Aim: Biological and epidemiologic data suggest that 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) levels may influence development of renal cell carcinoma. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a crucial mediator for the cellular effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and additionally interacts with other cell signaling pathways that influence cancer progression. VDR gene polymorphisms may play an important role in risk of incidence for various malignant tumors. This study investigated whether VDR gene polymorphisms were associated with increased risk and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a Japanese population. Methods: To analyze risk of RCC depending on VDR polymorphism, a case,control association study was performed. The VDR gene polymorphisms at three locations, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI, were genotyped in 135 RCC patients and 150 controls in a Japanese population. Logistic regression models were used to assess the genetic effects on prognosis. Results: Significant differences in the ApaI genotype were observed between RCC patients and controls (,2 = 6.90, P = 0.032). No statistical significant difference was found in the BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms. The frequency of the AA genotype in the ApaI polymorphism was significantly higher in the RCC patients than in the controls (odds ratio, 2.59; 95% confidence intervals, 1.21,5.55; P = 0.012). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the AA genotype was an independent prognostic factor for cause-specific survival (relative risk 3.3; P = 0.038). Conclusion: The AA genotype at the ApaI site of the VDR gene may be a risk of incidence and poor prognosis factor for RCC in the Japanese population. Additional studies with a large sample size and investigation of the functional significance of the ApaI polymorphism in RCC cells are warranted. [source]

Gentamicin used as an adjunct to GTR

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
An experimental study in rats
Abstract Objectives: To evaluate in a discriminating "capsule" model whether local application of gentamicin may have an added effect on bone formation produced by Bio-Oss® and guide tissue regeneration (GTR). Material and Methods: Thirty male 3-month-old Wistar rats were used. After elevation of muscle-periosteal flaps, a rigid hemispherical Teflon capsule, loosely packed with 0.025 g of Bio-Oss® impregnated with 2 mg/ml gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin®), was placed with its open part facing the lateral bone surface of the mandibular ramus (test) in one side of the jaw. A capsule filled only with Bio-Oss® (control) was placed on the contralateral side of the jaw. After healing periods of 1, 2 and 4 months, groups of 10 animals were sacrificed and the specimens were processed for histological examination. The volumes of (1) the space created by the capsule, (2) newly formed bone, (3) Bio-Oss® particles, (4) loose connective tissue, and (5) acellular space in the capsule were estimated by a point-counting technique in three to four histological sections of each specimen, taken by uniformly random sampling. Results: The histological evaluation showed limited but increasing bone fill in the capsules from 1 to 4 months in both the test and control sides. After 4 months, the newly formed bone occupied 11.9% (CV: 0.39) of the space created by the capsules at the test sides versus 13.2% (CV: 0.41) at the control sides. There was no statistical significant difference between test and control specimens at any observation time (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that local application of gentamicin has no added effect on bone formation when combined with Bio-Oss® and GTR. Zussamenfassung Gentamycin als Adjunktiv zur GTR genutzt. Eine experimentelle Studie bei Ratten Ziele:Überprüfung in einem "unterscheidenden" Kapselmodell, ob die lokale Applikation von Gentamycin einen zusätzlichen Effekt bei der Knochenbildung, die durch Bio-Oss® bei der GTR hervorgerufen wurde, hat. Material und Methoden: 30 männliche 3monatige Wistar-Ratten wurden genutzt. Nach der Elevation von Muskel-Periost-Lappen wurde eine rigide halbsphärische Teflonkapsel, die locker mit 0,025 g von Bio-Oss®, was mit Gentamycinsulfat 2mg/ml (Garamycin®) imprägniert war, auf einer Seite des Unterkieferramus (Test) so platziert, dass der offene Teil zur lateralen Knochenoberfläche gerichtet war. Eine Kapsel, die nur mit Bio-Oss gefüllt war (Kontrolle), wurde auf der kontralateralen Seite des Kiefers platziert. Nach der Heilungsperiode von 1, 2 und 4 Monaten wurden Gruppen von 10 Tieren getötet und die Proben für die histologische Überprüfung aufbereitet. Das Volumen von 1) dem Spalt, der durch die Kapsel geschaffen wurde, 2) dem neu gebildeten Knochen, 3) den Bio-Oss Partikeln, 4) dem lockeren Bindegewebe und 5) dem azellulären Spalt in der Kapsel wurden mit einer Punktzähltechnik in 3 bis 4 histologischen Schnitten von jeder Probe unter Nutzung einer allgemeinen Zufallsauswahl bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die histologische Überprüfung zeigte eine limitierte aber zunehmende Knochenfüllung in der Kapsel vom 1. zum 4. Monat sowohl in der Test- als auch der Kontrollseite. Nach 4 Monaten besetzte der neu gebildete Knochen 11,9% (cv: 0,39) des von der Kapsel geschaffenen Spaltes bei den Testseiten verglichen mit 13,2% (cv: 0,41) bei den Kontrollseiten. Es gab keine statistisch signifikante Differenz zwischen Test- und Kontrollproben zu irgendeiner Beobachtungszeit (p>0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Es wird geschlossen, dass die lokale Applikation von Gentamycin keinen zusätzlichen Effekt auf die Knochenbildung hat, wenn eine Kombination mit Bio-Oss und der GTR erfolgt. Résumé La gentamycine utilisée en association à la GTR. Une étude expérimentale chez le rat Le but de cette étude a été d'évaluer si l'application locale de gentamycine dans un modèle de capsule discriminatoire pouvait avoir un effet additionnel bénéfique sur la formation osseuse produite par le Bio-Oss® et la GTR. Cette étude a eu recours à trente rats Wistar mâles de trois mois. Après l'élévation de lambeaux muscle-périoste, une capsule en téflon hémisphérique rigide, remplie de manière lâche avec 0,025 g de Bio-Oss® imprégnée avec 2mg/ml de sulfate de gentamycine (Garamycin®) a été placée avec sa face ouverte en regard de la surface osseuse latérale de la branche mandibulaire (test) d'un côté de la mâchoire. Une capsule remplie uniquement de Bio-Oss® (contrôle) a été placée dans le site contralatéral. Après des périodes de guérison de un, deux et quatre mois, des groupes de dix animaux ont été tués et les spécimens analysés histologiquement. Les volumes de 1) l'espace créé par la capsule, 2) l'os néoformé, 3) les particules de Bio-Oss®, 4) le tissu conjonctif lâche et 5) l'espace acellulaire dans la capsule ont été estimés par la technique de comptage par points dans trois à quatre coupes histologiques de chaque échantillon, pris de manière uniformément et randomisée. L'évaluation histologique a montré une augmentation limitée d'os dans les caspsules de un à quatre mois tant dans les sites tests que contrôles. Après quatre mois l'os néoformé occupait 11,9% (cv : 0,39) de l'espace créé par les capsules au niveau des sites tests vs 13,2% (cv : 0,41) au niveau des contrôles. Il n'y avait aucune différence statistique entre les échantillons tests et contrôles à aucun des temps d'observation (p>0,05). L'application locale de gentamycine n'aurait donc aucun effet sur la formation osseuse lorsqu'elle est placée avec le Bio-Oss® en association avec la GTR. [source]

Prognostic Usefulness of Blood Leukocyte Changes in Canine Parvoviral Enteritis

JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008
A. Goddard
Background: Despite treatment, many dogs still die of complications related to canine parvoviral (CPV) enteritis. Effective prognostication would be beneficial in managing this disease. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the occurrence of leukocytopenias at admission and at 24 and 48 hours after admission, and changes in absolute leukocyte counts over time, could be used to predict outcome. Animals: Sixty-two puppies with confirmed CPV. Methods: A prospective study was performed. CBC was performed daily until discharge or death (in which case a postmortem examination was performed). Results: Of the nonsurvivors (10/62; 16%), 9 died because of complications of the disease and 1 was euthanized because of a poor prognosis. There was a statistical significant difference in the occurrence of leukocytopenias between groups at 24 and 48 hours postadmission. The survivors showed a significant increase over time in certain leukocyte types (specifically lymphocytes) compared with values at admission. The positive predictive value for survivors was high. Nonsurvivors had marked thymic and lymphoid atrophy and marked bone marrow hypocellularity. Conclusion: An accurate prognosis could be obtained at 24 hours after admission by evaluating the change in total leukocyte, band neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts. [source]

Clinical efficacy of sublingual and subcutaneous birch pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study

ALLERGY, Issue 1 2004
M. S. Khinchi
Background:, Both sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy (SLIT) and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) have a documented clinical efficacy, but only few comparative studies have been performed. Objective:, To investigate the clinical efficacy of SLIT vs SCIT and secondary to compare SLIT and SCIT with placebo and to evaluate the relative clinical efficacy in relation to systemic side-effects. Methods:, A 3-year randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study including 71 adult birch pollen hay fever patients treated for two consecutive years after a baseline year. Allocation to treatment groups was based on disease severity in the baseline season, gender and age. Results:, Clinical efficacy was estimated in 58 patients completing the first treatment year by subtracting baseline data and by calculating the ratio first treatment season vs baseline. SLIT diminished the median disease severity to one-half and SCIT to one-third of placebo treatment. No statistical significant difference between the two groups was observed. Both for symptoms and medication scores actively treated patients showed statistically significant and clinical relevant efficacy compared with placebo. SLIT treatment only resulted in local mild side-effects, while SCIT resulted in few serious systemic side-effects. Conclusion:, Based on the limited number of patients the clinical efficacy of SLIT was not statistically different from SCIT, and both treatments are clinically effective compared with placebo in the treatment of birch pollen rhinoconjunctivitis. The lack of significant difference between the two treatments does not indicate equivalent efficacy, but to detect minor differences necessitates investigation of larger groups. Due to the advantageous safety profile SLIT may be favored. [source]

A new checkerboard panel for testing bacterial markers in periodontal disease

MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
G. Dahlén
Background/aims:, Various microbiological methods have been used for testing bacterial markers for periodontitis and periodontal disease progression. Most studies have used only a limited number of well recognized bacterial species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of 13 more recently identified bacterial species in a new panel in comparison with 12 previously more recognized periodontotopathogens (,old panel') using the ,checkerboard' DNA,DNA hybridization method. Methods:, Fifty individuals were chosen who showed at least one site with a probing pocket depth of 6 mm or more (disease) and bleeding on probing and at least one site with a probing pocket depth of 3 mm and without bleeding on probing (health). One diseased and one healthy site on each individual were sampled with the paperpoint technique and the samples were processed in the checkerboard technique against deoxigenin-labeled whole genomic probes to 25 subgingival species representing 12 well recognized and 13 newly identified periodontitis associated species. Results:, Twenty-four (out of 25) species were detected more frequently in the subgingival plaque of diseased than healthy sites both at score 1 (> 104) and score 3 (> 105). A significant difference at the higher score (score 3) was noticed for all species of the old panel except for three (Streptococcus intermedius, Selenomonas noxia, and Eikenella corrodens). Of the species in the new panel only Prevotella tannerae, Filifactor alocis, and Porphyromonas endodontalis showed a statistical significant difference between diseased and healthy sites. Conclusion:, It was concluded that P. tannerae, F. alocis, and P. endodontalis should be added to the 12 species used for routine diagnostics of periodontitis-associated bacterial flora. [source]

Incidence and indications for revision cochlear implant surgery in adults and children,

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 1 2009
Kevin D. Brown MD
Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: To identify the incidence of and common causes for cochlear implant revision. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Operative records were reviewed for all cases of revision cochlear implantation from 1992 to 2006. The causes for reimplantation were classified as hard device failure, soft device failure, exposure/infection, receiver/stimulator migration, and electrode migration. Manufacturers' failure analysis of explanted devices was likewise determined. Results: Eight hundred and six cochlear implants were performed during the study period including 44 (5.5%) revision procedures. The revision rate was 7.3% for children and 3.8% for adults and reached statistical significant difference. The most common reasons for revision were device failure (78%; 55% hard failure, 23% soft failure) followed by electrode migration (9%) and receiver/stimulator migration (7%). Manufacturers' analysis of failed devices revealed loss of hermetic seal and cracked cases to be the most common causes of failure. Bench analysis of 5/10 explanted devices that were soft failures demonstrated identifiable device defects. Conclusions: Revision cochlear implant surgery is an infrequent occurrence. Its incidence appears to be higher in children than in adults, although in this series does not appear to be due to increased wound complications, infections, or trauma. Explanted implants that have soft failure as the etiology may have demonstrable defects on bench testing. Laryngoscope, 119:152,157, 2009 [source]

Donation after Cardiac Death Kidneys with Low Severity Pre-Arrest Acute Renal Failure

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 3 2007
S. Sohrabi
The widening gap between supply and demand for renal transplantation has prompted many centers to use donors after cardiac death. Some of these donors exhibit signs of acute renal failure (ARF) prior to cardiac arrest. Concern has been expressed about poor quality of graft function from such donors. In response to this perception, we reviewed 49 single renal transplant recipients from category III donors after cardiac death between 1998 and 2005, at out center. All kidneys but one had hypothermic machine perfusion and viability testing prior to transplantation. According to the RIFLE criteria, nine recipients had kidneys from donors with "low severity pre-arrest ARF". The remainder of the recipients were used as control group. There was no statistical significant difference in delayed graft function and rejection rates between these two groups. Recipients GFR at 12 months was 44.4 ± 17.1 and 45.2 ± 14.7 (mL/min/1.73m2) from donors with ARF and without ARF, respectively (p = 0.96). In conclusion, low severity ARF in kidneys from controlled after cardiac death donors can be a reversible condition after transplantation. Short-term results are comparable to the kidneys from same category donors without renal failure, providing that some form of viability assessment is implemented prior to transplantation. [source]

Antisperm antibodies detected by mixed agglutination reaction and immunobead test are not associated with chronic inflammation and infection of the seminal tract

ANDROLOGIA, Issue 4 2008
M. Marconi
Summary The association between chronic inflammatory/infectious diseases of the male reproductive tract and the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in semen is still controversial. We compared the results of the mixed agglutinin reaction (MAR) test and immunobead test for detecting ASA type IgG and IgA in 133 patients attending our special outpatient department for andrological infections and evaluated the differences in the detection rate of ASA. Patients were divided into three groups: a study group that included 79 patients with symptomatic nonacute inflammatory/infectious diseases of the seminal tract, a control group (n = 44) and a third group of men with a history of successful vasectomy reversal (n = 10). The two tests correlated in a statistically significant manner for the detection of IgG and IgA in all groups. The overall positive detection rate of clinical significant levels of IgG and IgA was 2.5% and 1.3% (respectively) in the patients with inflammation/infection of the seminal tract. No statistical significant difference in the detection rate of ASA levels between the inflammatory/infectious group and the controls was detected. The results of the MAR test and immunobead test have a statistical significant correlation and their results provide evidence that there is no association between inflammatory/infectious diseases of the male reproductive tract and the presence of ASA in semen. [source]

Cryotherapy as the treatment modality of postcoital bleeding: A randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
Grace Wing Shan KONG
Background:, Postcoital bleeding is a common gynaecological problem that impacts on a woman's quality of life and sexual function. There is little systematic research into its management. Aims:, To assess the efficacy and side-effects of cryotherapy as treatment for postcoital bleeding. Methods:, A prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. A total of 85 women who presented with postcoital bleeding were recruited, and randomised to cryotherapy or no treatment. The treatment group received cryotherapy with compressed carbon dioxide through a cryoprobe placed on the cervix, and controls had cryoprobe on the cervix without compressed carbon dioxide flow. All recruited women were followed up two weeks, three months and six months to review their symptoms and response to the treatment. Results:, The treatment group had a significantly better long-term cure rate and improvement rate. At six months, the cryotherapy group reported a cure rate of 72.1% while that in the control group the cure rate was 50.0% (P = 0.04). The number needed to treat was 5. The mean improvement rate of the cryotherapy group was 82.88% ± 35.87 but was only 61.62% ± 55.30 in the control group (P = 0.04). The results were more significant in women with the defined pathological cervix. Apart from the vaginal discharge at second week follow up in the treatment group, there was no statistical significant difference in side-effects and complications among two groups. Conclusion:, Our study demonstrated that cryotherapy is a safe and an effective treatment for postcoital bleeding. [source]

The Effect of Metformin in Overweight Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Poor Metabolic Control

BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
Iben Brock Jacobsen
Double-blinded intervention with 2000 mg metformin or placebo daily in 24 type 1 diabetic patients as adjunct to intensive insulin therapy. Primary endpoint was HbA1c, while secondary endpoints were body weight, frequency of hypoglycaemia, blood pressure, lipids, insulin dosage and self-monitored blood glucose profiles were measured. After 24 weeks, no difference in HbA1c was seen between the metformin and placebo groups (,0.5 ± 0.3 vs. ,0.2 ± 0.2%, P = 0.26. , mean ± S.E.M). Mean diurnal blood glucose profiles showed no statistical significant difference between the groups. The total daily insulin dose (IU) was significantly reduced in the metformin group compared to placebo after 24 weeks (,5.9 ± 2.2 vs. 2.9 ± 1.7, P = 0.004. , mean ± S.E.M). An increase in the frequency of hypoglycaemia was seen in the metformin group (0.7 ± 0.9 vs. 0.3 ± 0.5 events patient,1 week,1, P = 0.005), and a reduction in body weight was found using metformin compared to placebo (,3.0 ± 1.0 vs. 0.8 ± 1.1, P = 0.02. , mean ± S.E.M). Lipids and blood pressure did not differ significantly after intervention. Metformin, as adjunct to intensive insulin therapy, was associated with a reduction in the total daily insulin dose and a significant weight loss in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. [source]

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of gynaecological tumours at 3.0 Tesla

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
SJ Booth
Background, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) uses the same hardware as MR imaging and allows us to analyse the biochemistry of tissues in vivo. Published data for gynaecological lesions are limited and are largely based on MRS carried out at the lower magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla (T). Objective, The purpose of this study was to determine whether in vivo proton MRS could be performed at the higher magnetic field strength of 3 T to characterise the spectra of a variety of benign and malignant gynaecological lesions. Design, Prospective, non-randomised study. Setting, MRI department within a tertiary referral centre for gynaecological cancers. Sample, All women with a pelvic mass under going 3T MRI. Methods, We carried out MRS on nonrandomised women undergoing routine 3 T MRI within our MRI department during investigation for gynaecological lesions from February 2006 to April 2008. Only those women for whom histopathological data were available were included. Main outcome measures, The presence of choline detected by in vivo 3T MRS. Results, Eighty-seven women underwent MRS, 57 of whom had newly diagnosed neoplasms. MRS data for 39 of these new women (18 were excluded because of technical errors or missing data) were used to detect the presence of choline, an indicator of basement membrane turnover. Overall, choline was present in 13 of the 14 ovarian cancers, 8 of the 11 cervical tumours and all 4 of the uterine cancers. There was no statistical significant difference between choline levels in various lesion types (P= 0.735) or between benign and malignant disease (P= 0.550). Conclusions,In vivo MRS can be performed at 3 T to provide biochemical information on pelvic lesions. The way in which this information can be utilised is less clear but may be incorporated into monitoring tissue response in cancer treatments. [source]

Safety and efficacy of using the LigaSure vessel sealing system for securing the pedicles in vaginal hysterectomy: randomised controlled trial

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
M.A. Hefni
Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of using the LigaSure vessel sealing system for securing the pedicles during vaginal hysterectomy in comparison with the conventional method of securing the pedicles by suture ligation. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Gynaecology Department, Benenden Hospital, Kent. Population One hundred and sixteen women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy were prospectively randomised to either LigaSure (Group I) or suture ligation (Group II) for securing the pedicles. Methods Data of patients were collected prospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann,Whitney U test, ,2 and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Main outcome measures Operating time, operative blood loss and peri-operative complications. Results The operating time was significantly shorter in the LigaSure group compared with the control group (P < 0.04). There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups in operative blood loss (P= 0.433), but peri-operative haemorrhagic complications were less frequent in the LigaSure group (0%vs 6.8%, P= 0.057). Four patients in the control group required either conversion to laparotomy because of bleeding, return to theatre for immediate post-operative haemorrhage or readmission for vault haematoma, whereas none in the LigaSure group had bleeding from unsecured pedicles. Conclusion The LigaSure vessel sealing system is a safe alternative for securing pedicles in vaginal hysterectomy when compared with conventional suture ligation. Larger studies are required to determine its place in gynaecological surgery. [source]

Risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian schoolchildren

DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2004
Evelyne Pessoa Soriano
Abstract,,, The aim of this pilot study was to analyse whether overjet, lip coverage and obesity represented risk factors associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent anterior teeth of schoolchildren in Recife, Brazil. It included a random sample of 116 boys and girls aged 12 years, attending both public and private schools. Data was collected through clinical examinations and interviews. Dental trauma was classified according to Andreasen's criteria (1994). Overjet was considered as risk factor when it presented values higher than 5 mm. Lip coverage was classified as adequate or inadequate, while obesity was considered according to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) procedures for the assessment of nutritional status. The prevalence of dental injuries was 23.3%. Boys experienced more injuries than girls, 30 and 16.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between traumatic dental injuries and overjet (P < 0.05) and between traumatic dental injuries and lip coverage (P = 0.000). No statistical significant differences were found when obesity and dental trauma were analysed (P < 0.05). It was concluded that boys from lower social strata attending public schools, presenting an overjet size greater than 5 mm and an inadequate lip coverage, were more likely to have traumatic dental injuries in Recife, Brazil. Obesity was not a risk factor for dental trauma in this sample. [source]

Hard tissue alterations after socket preservation with additional buccal overbuilding: a study in the beagle dog

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2009
Stefan Fickl
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to histometrically assess alterations of the ridge following socket preservation alone and socket preservation with additional buccal overbuilding. Material and Methods: In five beagle dogs four extraction sites were randomly subjected to one of the following treatments: Tx 1: The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen® and covered with a free gingival graft from the palate. Tx 2: The buccal bone plate was augmented using the GBR-technique, the socket was filled with BioOss Collagen® and covered with a free gingival graft. Tx 3: The buccal bone plate was forced into a buccal direction using a manual bone spreader. The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen® and covered with a free gingival graft from the palate. Tx 4: The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen® and a combined free gingival/connective tissue graft was used to cover the socket and for buccal tissue augmentation. For each experimental site, two histological sections were subjected to histometric analysis and evaluated for (i) vertical bone dimensions and (ii) horizontal bone dimensions. Results: All treatment groups showed horizontal and vertical bone loss. The mean vertical bone loss of the buccal bone plate was significantly lower in Tx 4 than in the other groups, while no statistical significant differences could be detected among the groups in the horizontal dimension. Conclusion: Overbuilding the buccal aspect in combination with socket preservation does not seem to be a suitable technique to compensate for the alterations after tooth extraction. [source]

Effect of interleukin-1 gene polymorphism in a periodontally healthy Hispanic population treated with mucogingival surgery

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2002
Raul G. Caffesse
Abstract Objectives: A genetic test for susceptibility of periodontal disease has been introduced. A positive test indicates a risk factor for more severe periodontal destruction. The prevalence of genotype positive subjects has been reported around 30%. In a Mexican population, we have found a 26% prevalence of genotype positive individuals. Few studies have reported the response to therapy in these individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess the response to mucogingival surgery in an otherwise periodontally healthy Hispanic population. Materials and methods: 22 subjects (7 male and 15 female) with a mean age of 45 years participated. They were treated 3 years prior for the treatment of Types I and II recession defects using connective tissue grafts. No other active periodontal treatment was required, except for preventive maintenance. A full-mouth clinical evaluation was performed which included assessment of gingival inflammation and measurements of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels. Mean values per patient were determined. A finger stick blood sample was collected using specially provided DNA filter paper, let dried, and mailed for processing. Results: Results indicated that 5 out of the 22 subjects were genotype positive. The genotype positive subjects presented the following values: GI 1.13±0.17, PPD 2.48±0.46, and CAL 3.38±0.66. The values for the genotype negative subjects were GI 1.06±0.14, PPD 2.38±0.31 and CAL 3.11±0.53. No statistical significant differences were found when both groups were compared (p>0.05). Furthermore, the treatment of the localized recessions was effective and provided similar amount of coverage in genotype positive and negative subjects. However, more genotype negative subjects showed complete coverage of the recession than genotype positive individuals. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study it is concluded that (1) periodontal health can be maintained with proper preventive maintenance irrespective of the genotype present, (2) the mean response to mucogingival surgery to cover localized gingival recessions is similar irrespective of the IL-1 periodontal genotype, however, full coverage is achieved more frequently in genotype negative subjects. Zusammenfassung Ziele: Es wurde ein Gentest für die Anfälligkeit bezüglich einer Parodontalerkrankung eingeführt. Ein positiver Test ist ein Zeichen für einen Risikofaktor für eine stärkere parodontale Destruktion. Die Prävalenz von genotyp-positiven Personen wurde mit etwa 30% angegeben. In einer mexikanischen Population haben wir eine Prävalenz von 26% von genotyp-positiven Individuen vorgefunden. Nur wenige Studien haben bei diesen Patienten über die Reaktion auf die Therapie berichtet. Der Zweck dieser Studie war es die Heilung nach mukogingivaler Chirurgie in einer im Übrigen parodontal gesunden Population mit spanischen Abstammung. Material und Methode: 22 Patienten (7 Männer und 15 Frauen) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 45 Jahren nahmen an der Studie teil. Sie wurden vor 3 Jahren zur Deckung einer Rezession von Typ I oder II mit einem Bindegewebetransplantat behandelt. Es war keine weitere parodontale Behandlung außer präventiven Erhaltungstherapie notwendig. Es wurde eine vollständige klinische Untersuchung des Gebisses durchgeführt, die die Bestimmung der gingivalen Etnzündung, sowie die Messung der Sondierungstiefe und des klinischen Attachmentniveaus beinhaltete. Es wurden für jeden Patienten die Mittelwerte bestimmt. Eine Blutprobe von der Fingerbeere wurde entnommen, auf ein specielles DNA-Filterpapier aufgetragen, getrocknet und zur Weiterverarbeitung versendet. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass 5 von 22 Patienten genotyp-positiven waren. Die genotyp-positiven Patienten wiesen folgende Werte auf: GI 1.13±0.17, PPD 2.48±0.46 und CAL 3.38±0.66. Die Werte für die genotyp-negativen Patienten betrugen: GI 1.06±0.14, PPD 2.38±0.31 und CAL 3.11±0.53. Beim Vergleich beider Gruppen ergaben sich keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede (p>0.05). Des weiteren war die Behandlung der lokalisierten Rezession effektiv und lieferte bei genotyp-positiven und genotyp-negativen Patienten einen ähnlichen Anteil an Wurzeldeckung. Jedoch zeigten mehr genotyp-negative Patienten eine vollständige Rezessionsdeckung als genotyp-positive Patienten. Schlussfolgerungen: Mit den Einschränkungen dieser Studie kann die Schlussfolgerung gezogen werden, dass (1) unabhängig vom vorliegenden Genotyp mit geeigneten präventiven Maßnahmen die parodontale Gesundheit erhalten werden kann und (2) dass unabhängig vom IL-1-Genotyp, die durchschnittliche Reaktion auf die mukogingivale Chirurgie zur Deckung von lokalisierten Gingivarezessionen ähnlich ist. Jedoch wird eine vollständige Deckung häufiger bei genotyp-negativen Patienten erreicht. Résumé But: Un test génétique pour la suscpetibilitéà la maladie parodontale est présenté. Un test positif indique un facteur de risque pour une destruction parodontale plus sévère. La fréquence globale de sujets positifs au génotype semblerait être de 30%. Dans une population mexicaine, une fréquence globale de 26% d'individus positifs pour le génotype a été trouvée. Peu d'études ont apporté la réponse au traitement chez ces individus. Le but de cette investigation a été de mesurer la réponse de la chirurgie muco-gingivale dans une population hispanique parodontalement saine. Matériaux et méthodes: 7 hommes et 15 femmes d'un âge moyen de 45 ans y ont participé. Ils avaient été traités 3 ans auparavant pour des lésions de récession de type I et II en utilisant des greffes de tissu conjonctif. Aucun autre traitement parodontal actif n'avait été requis, sauf pour la maintenance. Une évaluation clinique de toute la bouche a été effectuée comprenant l'estimation de l'inflammation gingivale et les measures de la profondeur de poche au sondage et des niveaux d'attache clinique. Les valeurs moyennes par patient ont été déterminées. Un échantillon sanguin par piqûre du doigt a été récolté en utilisant un papier filtre ADN, qui fût séché et envoyé pour analyse. Résultats: Les résultats ont indiqué que 5 des 22 sujets étaient génotype positif. Ces sujets présentaient les valeurs suivantes: GI 1.13±0.17, PPD 2.48±0.46 mm et CAL 3.38±0.66 mm. Les valeurs chez les sujets génotype négatif étaient: GI 1.06±0.14, PPD 2.38±0.31 mm et CAL 3.11±0.53 mm. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n'a été trouvée lorsque les deux groupes ont été comparés. De plus le traitement des récessions locales était effectif et apportait une quantité semblable de recouvrement chez les deux types de sujets. Cependant davantage de sujets génotype négatif bénéficiaient d'un recouvrement complet de la récession. Conclusions: Dans les limites d l'étude présente: (1) la santé parodontale peut être maintenue avec des mesures préventives quelque soit le génotype présent, (2) la réponse moyenne de la chirurgie muco-gingivale pour recouvrir des récessions gingivales locales est semblable quelque soit le génotype parodontal IL-1, bien qu'un recouvrement complet est plus souvent réalisé chez les sujets génotype négatif. [source]

The accuracy of the Vivacare true pressure-sensitive periodontal probe system in terms of probing force

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2000
Axel Bergenholtz
Abstract Background: The Hunter TPS Vivacare periodontal probe was invented to perform consistent, accurate and reliable periodontal examinations "with controlled pressures". Aims: The aims of the present investigation are 3: (1) what is the accuracy of the probing force when various probe heads are used in a correct operation position; (2) what is the effect of over- and under-reading of the operation position on the probing force; (3) what is the accuracy of the probing force when different probe handles are used. The Hunter TPS probe consists of a tip connected to a special spring mechanism, which controls the pressure extended to the probe tip. According to the manufacturer, the force indicator lines coincide at approximately 20 g force. Method: The test apparatus consisted of an electronic balance, and an electronic caliper. 12 TPS probes tips and 3 handles were selected to test whether there were differences in force between probes. Each probe tip was adapted to the same handle and tested 10 times. In a 2nd test, the TPS-handles and over-, accurate-, and under-readings were analyzed as to how they affect the probing force. The 12 TPS probe tips were connected to each of the 3 handles and tested 10× for each of 3 handles and levels. Results: The range in force between TPS probe tips was 8.4 g (p<0.001). For the handles as well as for each of the readings of the operating positions, the differences were small and non-significant. However, between over- and under-readings, there were statistical significant differences. Conclusions: The conclusion is that the variation in force between probe tips is high and always above the manufacturer's "approximately" 20 g. As long as the same handle and the same probe tip are used together, and the examiner is reading the markings correct, the. TPS probe is adequate. [source]

Sheep embryonic stem-like cells transplanted in full-thickness cartilage defects

JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Issue 3 2009
Maria Dattena
Abstract Articular cartilage regeneration is limited. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines provide a source of totipotent cells for regenerating cartilage. Anatomical, biomechanical, physiological and immunological similarities between humans and sheep make this animal an optimal experimental model. This study examines the repair process of articular cartilage in sheep after transplantation of ES-like cells isolated from inner cell masses (ICMs) derived from in vitro -produced (IVP) vitrified embryos. Thirty-five ES-like colonies from 40 IVP embryos, positive for stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), were pooled in groups of two or three, embedded in fibrin glue and transplanted into osteochondral defects in the medial femoral condyles of 14 ewes. Empty defect (ED) and cell-free glue (G) in the controlateral stifle joint served as controls. The Y gene sequence was used to detect ES-like cells in the repair tissue by in situ hybridization (ISH). Two ewes were euthanized at 1 month post-operatively, three each at 2 and 6 months and four at 12 months. Repairing tissue was examined by biomechanical, macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical (collagen type II) and ISH assays. Scores of all treatments showed no statistical significant differences among treatment groups at a given time period, although ES-like grafts showed a tendency toward a better healing process. ISH was positive in all ES-like specimens. This study demonstrates that ES-like cells transplanted into cartilage defects stimulate the repair process to promote better organization and tissue bulk. However, the small number of cells applied and the short interval between surgery and euthanasia might have negatively affected the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008
Wanda I. Colón
Abstract Culturally sensitive and valid assessments of participation in occupations are needed for Spanish-speaking children to enhance services offered to this population. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the newly developed Spanish version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children, the Evaluación de Participacion y Disfrute de los Niños y Preferencias de las Actividades de los Niños (EPDN/PAN). The sample included 249 children with and without disabilities, aged 6 to 15 years. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the participation of children with disabilities and children without disabilities, and between younger and older children were found. No statistical significant differences were found between males and females in the dimensions of participation assessed. Adequate internal consistency (0.70,0.92) was found for the PAN scale and the Overall and Informal domain scores of the EPDN-Intensity scale. Further study is needed to evaluate the formal domain scale and gender differences by activity types. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Botulinum Toxin Type A,A Novel Treatment for Provoked Vestibulodynia?

THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2009
Double Blinded Study, Placebo Controlled, Results from a Randomized
ABSTRACT Introduction., Vestibulodynia is an increasingly recognized problem among women and is often difficult to treat. Aim., This randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Botox in the treatment of vestibulodynia. Methods., Sixty-four women were randomized to receive Botox (N = 32) or saline placebo (N = 32). Botulinum toxin A (20 I.E.) diluted in 0.5 mL saline or 0.5 mL saline was injected in the musculus bulbospongiosus at baseline. Main Outcome Measures., Pain was measured monthly on a visual analog scale (VAS) Likert scale. Sexual function was measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale at baseline and at 3 and 6 months follow up. Quality of life was measured using the 36-item short-form (SF-36). Results., Sixty women (94%) completed the 6 months follow up. Both Botox and placebo produced significantly pain reduction (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the median VAS score between the groups at 6 months follow up (P = 0.984). An improvement on the FSFI full score from baseline until 6 months was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.635). In the placebo group a statistical significant larger reduction in sexual distress was observed from baseline until 6 months follow up compared to the Botox group (P = 0.044). No statistical significant differences were observed between the B- and P-groups in regard to the SF-36 scores. Conclusion., Injection of 20 I.E. Botox in the vestibule of women diagnosed with vestibulodynia does not reduce pain, improve sexual functioning, or impact the quality of life compared to placebo and evaluated at 3 and 6 moths follow up. Both the Botox group and the placebo groups experienced a reduction in pain on the VAS Likert scale at 6 months follow up. Women with vestibulodynia have difficulty with sexual function and present with sexual distress, which has to be addressed in conjunction with pain to eliminate the disorder. Petersen CD, Giraldi A, Lundvall L, and Kristensen E. Botulinum toxin Type A,A novel treatment for provoked vestibulodynia? Results from a randomized, placebo controlled, double blinded study. J Sex Med 2009;6:2523,2537. [source]

Defining the Clinical Characteristics of Peyronie's Disease in Young Men

Three-dimensional and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic plaque composition by automated differential echogenicity

CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 7 2007
Nico Bruining PhD
Abstract Objective: To validate automated and quantitative three-dimensional analysis of coronary plaque composition using intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS). Background: ICUS displays different tissue components based on their acoustic properties in 256 grey-levels. We hypothesised that computer-assisted image analysis (differential echogenicity) would permit automated quantification of several tissue components in atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Results: Ten 40-mm-long left anterior descending specimens were excised during autopsy of which eight could be successfully imaged by ICUS. Histological sections were taken at 5 mm intervals and analyzed. Since most of the plaques were calcified and having a homogeneous appearance, one specimen with a more heterogeneous composition was further examined: at each interval of 5 mm, 15 additional sections (every 100 ,m) were evaluated. Plaques were scored for echogenicity against the adventitia: brighter (hyperechogenic) or less bright (hypoechogenic). Areas of hypoechogenicity correlated with the presence of smooth muscle cells. Areas of hyperechogenicity correlated with presence of collagen, and areas of hyperechogenicity with acoustic shadowing correlated with calcium. None of these comparisons showed statistical significant differences. Conclusion: This ex vivo feasibility study shows that automated three-dimensional differential echogenicity analysis of ICUS images allows identification of different tissue types within atherosclerotic plaques. This technology may play a role as an additional tool in longitudinal studies to trace possible changes in plaque composition. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Montelukast does not prevent reactive airway disease in young children hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009
M Proesmans
Abstract Aim:, To evaluate the long-term effect of montelukast on symptoms of cough and wheeze following RSV bronchiolitis. Methods:, Fifty eight patients (aged , 24 months) hospitalized with a first episode of RSV bronchiolitis were enrolled in this double blind prospective randomized trial comparing montelukast (n = 31) vs placebo (n = 27). Results:, During the 3-month treatment period, there were no statistical significant differences between the two groups for symptom-free days and nights (48.5 [interquartile range 33.0.0,66.0] for montelukast vs 57.0 [29.0,71.0] for placebo p = 0.415) nor disease-free days and nights (44.5 days [26.0,54.0] vs 53.0 [22.3,71.0]; p = 0.266). During the 1 year follow-up, there were 41 exacerbations in the montelukast group vs 54 exacerbations in the placebo group (p = 0.57). Time to first exacerbation was not different. Number of unscheduled visits and need to start inhaled steroids were comparable in the two groups. Conclusion:, Treatment with montelukast after hospital admission for RSV bronchiolitis in children younger than 2 years of age did not reduce symptoms of cough and wheeze. We cannot exclude that a subgroup of children may, however, benefit from this treatment. [source]