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Special Requirements (special + requirement)
Selected AbstractsSpecial requirements for GLP studies with ,big' animals,QUALITY ASSURANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Norbert Hochheimer Abstract The article describes the special requirements for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) studies with farm animals. Typically, GLP studies are conducted with small laboratory animals such as mice, rats and guinea pigs; GLP studies with big animals are rarely performed. This paper highlights the differences in housing and handling for small and big animals and discusses areas specific to GLP studies with farm animals. While the article draws on observations made and regulations applicable in Germany, the information may be useful for assessing GLP studies with large animals in other countries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Natural vegetable fats in the prevention of irritant contact dermatitisCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2002S. Schliemann-Willers Chronic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is one of the most pressing problems in occupational medicine and is common in the food processing industry. To date, protective creams that fulfil the special requirements in the foodstuffs industry have not been available. Therefore, we studied the efficacy of pre-exposure application of natural vegetable fats in the prevention of experimentally induced ICD. A panel of 20 healthy volunteers was tested with a repetitive irritation test using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a standard irritant in a randomized study. Application sites were assessed clinically and by the use of bioengineering techniques (evaporimetry, chromametry, and corneometry). Rape seed and palm fats showed significant protective potential. Gas-chromatographic analysis revealed differences in the fatty acid composition of the vegetable. Higher content of linoleic acid and lower content of oleic acid was associated with beneficial effects. Our results are a new approach in the prevention of ICD and towards the development of new protective preparations for workplaces in the foodstuffs industry. [source] Semi-Solid Processing of Tailored Aluminium-Lithium Alloys for Automotive Applications,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 4 2007R. Sauermann Abstract This paper describes the development and evaluation of thixoformable Al-Li-Mg-based alloys performed at the collaborative research center SFB 289, RWTH Aachen. Scandium and zirconium were added to AlLi2.1Mg5.5 (A1420) with the aid of DoE (Design of Experiments), and precursor billets were manufactured by pressure induction melting (PIM). To evaluate the thixoformability of the synthesized alloys semi-solid processed connecting rods were manufactured by the rheo container process (RCP). Subsequent heat treatment raised the mechanical properties to maximum values of tensile strength, 430,MPa, yield strength of 250,MPa, and an elongation to fracture of 13,%. The RCP process was designed for the special requirements of highly reactive alloys. The paper presents the remarkable property and process benefits of the semi-solid processing of Al-Li alloys. [source] More aspiration than achievement?HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 6 2006Children's complaints, advocacy in health services in Wales Abstract The present paper reports on key results from a government-funded survey of all National Health Service trusts, local health boards and community health councils in Wales, which was conducted in 2004,2005 to identify the characteristics of complaints involving children, and the use of professional advocacy services in these complaints and their role in supporting children in relation to health service matters more generally. Findings from the survey are presented which reveal the marginal take-up of professional advocacy services in health complaints, and the slender resource in professional advocacy for children commissioned by a small number of health bodies. Advocacy support for users of health services typically focuses upon adult-related issues. The needs of children, particularly those who may have special requirements because of disability, being looked after, or having language or cultural needs are not well met according to the present survey. This raises the question of whether recent policy and guidance on advocacy (particularly for children and vulnerable groups) is seen by health bodies as warranting decisive action and dedicated investment, or whether rhetoric and modest change is the more likely outcome in the face of other pressing demands on health budgets. [source] Special requirements for GLP studies with ,big' animals,QUALITY ASSURANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Norbert Hochheimer Abstract The article describes the special requirements for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) studies with farm animals. Typically, GLP studies are conducted with small laboratory animals such as mice, rats and guinea pigs; GLP studies with big animals are rarely performed. This paper highlights the differences in housing and handling for small and big animals and discusses areas specific to GLP studies with farm animals. While the article draws on observations made and regulations applicable in Germany, the information may be useful for assessing GLP studies with large animals in other countries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] HST experience in data managementASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 6-8 2004R. Albrecht Abstract The data generated by the Hubble Space Telescope pose a series of special requirements for the analysis process. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is being operated in a semi-autonomous, pre-programmed manner, executing a queue of observing requests. Calibration is being done "institutionally", i.e. not in response to individual observing programs, but in the same manner for all users. Data products are being generated for the observers, and they are ingested in the HST science data archives, to make them available for further exploitation through the Virtual Observatory. Added value products can be generated by combining data from different programs. Interactive analysis tools are being supplied to support users in the optimum exploitation of the data. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Fundamentplatten aus Stahlbeton und Stahlfaserbeton.BETON- UND STAHLBETONBAU, Issue 9 2006Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Tragfähigkeit Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäuser werden zunehmend statt auf Streifenfundamenten auf Fundamentplatten gegründet. Vorteile ergeben sich neben der wirtschaftlicheren Ausführung der Aushubarbeiten durch die einfachere Herstellung der Platte. Bei der Ausführung als Stahlfaserbetonplatte ergeben sich besonders wirtschaftliche Lösungen dann, wenn an die Gebrauchstauglichkeit keine besonderen Anforderungen wie Wasserdichtheit oder Rißbreitenbeschränkung gestellt werden. An der Fachhochschule Aachen wurden vergleichende experimentelle Untersuchungen an Bodenplatten aus Beton, Stahlbeton und Stahlfaserbeton unter Lastbeanspruchung durchgeführt. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß Stahlfaserbeton für Fundamentplatten ein geeigneter Werkstoff ist, wenn Mindestanforderungen an die Steifigkeit des Bodens eingehalten werden. Bei erhöhten Anforderungen an die Gebrauchstauglichkeit werden Stahlbeton oder Kombinationen aus Stahlfaserbeton und Stahlbeton als sinnvoll erachtet, wenn diese auf Basis einer elastischen Schnittgrößenermittlung bemessen werden. Reinforced Concrete and Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Rafts Experimental tests on serviceability and ultimate loading performance Houses and residential buildings are increasingly built on rafts instead of strip foundations. The main advantages of rafts are more efficient excavation works and easy concreting of the rafts itself. The use of steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs offers economic advantages if there are no special requirements on service ability such as water tightness or crack limitations. At Aachen University of Applied Sciences a comparative experimental study on the load carrying behaviour of rafts made of concrete, reinforced concrete and steel fibre reinforced concrete was carried out. The tests have proven steel fibre concrete as suitable material for rafts in case of sufficient stiffness of the subbase. In case of special requirements on service ability, reinforced concrete or combined fibre and bar reinforced concrete should be used. In that case stresses should be calculated based on the elastic theory. [source] Breast pathology guideline implementation in low- and middle-income countries,CANCER, Issue S8 2008Shahla Masood MD Abstract The quality of breast healthcare delivery and the ultimate clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer are directly related to the quality of breast pathology practices within the healthcare system. The Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) held its third Global Summit in Budapest, Hungary from October 1 to 4, 2007, bringing together internationally recognized experts to address the implementation of breast healthcare guidelines for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment in low-income and middle-income countries (LMCs). From this group, a subgroup of experts met to address the specific needs and concerns related to breast pathology program implementation in LMCs. Specific recommendations were made by the group and process indicators identified in the areas of personnel and training, cytology and histopathology interpretation, accuracy of pathology interpretation, pathology reporting, tumor staging, causes of diagnostic errors, use of immunohistochemical markers, and special requirements to facilitate breast conservation therapy. The group agreed that the financial burden of establishing and maintaining breast pathology services is counterbalanced by the cost savings from decreased adverse effects and excessive use of treatment resources that result from incorrect or incomplete pathologic diagnosis. Proper training in breast pathology for pathologists and laboratory technicians is critical and provides the underpinnings of programmatic success for any country at any level of economic wealth. Cancer 2008;113(8 suppl):2297,304. © 2008 American Cancer Society. [source] Make them Blink: Probes for Super-Resolution MicroscopyCHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 12 2010Jan Vogelsang Dr. Abstract In recent years, a number of approaches have emerged that enable far-field fluorescence imaging beyond the diffraction limit of light, namely super-resolution microscopy. These techniques are beginning to profoundly alter our abilities to look at biological structures and dynamics and are bound to spread into conventional biological laboratories. Nowadays these approaches can be divided into two categories, one based on targeted switching and readout, and the other based on stochastic switching and readout of the fluorescence information. The main prerequisite for a successful implementation of both categories is the ability to prepare the fluorescent emitters in two distinct states, a bright and a dark state. Herein, we provide an overview of recent developments in super-resolution microscopy techniques and outline the special requirements for the fluorescent probes used. In combination with the advances in understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of single fluorophores, we demonstrate how essentially any single-molecule compatible fluorophore can be used for super-resolution microscopy. We present examples for super-resolution microscopy with standard organic fluorophores, discuss factors that influence resolution and present approaches for calibration samples for super-resolution microscopes including AFM-based single-molecule assembly and DNA origami. [source] | ||||||||||