Speech Impairments (speech + impairment)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Validity of the comprehensive receptive and expressive vocabulary test in assessment of children with speech and learning problems

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 6 2002
Teresa Smith
The current researchers investigated construct, predictive, and differential validity for the Comprehensive Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (CREVT). Participants were 243 public school students, ages 5.5 to 17.25 years. They represented four primary disabilities: Learning Disability (n = 115), Learning Disability with Speech Impairment (n = 29), Mental Retardation (n = 40), and Speech Impairment (n = 59). Adequate construct validity for the CREVT was documented, using the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children,III as a criterion. Also, the CREVT significantly predicted the scores on the Wide Range Achievement Test,3. Lastly, the CREVT effectively differentiated between students with disabilities. These findings suggest that the CREVT may be helpful in identifying the presence of learning problems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 39: 613,619, 2002. [source]


An autosomal dominant genetically heterogeneous variant of rolandic epilepsy and speech disorder

EPILEPSIA, Issue 6 2008
Steven L. Kugler
Summary We report a three generation pedigree with 11 of 22 affected with a variant form of rolandic epilepsy, speech impairment, oromotor apraxia, and cognitive deficit. The core features comprised nocturnal rolandic seizures, interictal centrotemporal spike waves with early age of onset and late age of offset. The transmission of the phenotype was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance, with variable expressivity but no evidence of anticipation. We found evidence that the seizure and speech traits may be dissociated. No abnormalities were found by cytogenetic analysis. Linkage analysis excluded loci at 11p, 15q, 16p12, and Xq22 for related phenotypes, suggesting genetic heterogeneity. [source]


Concerns of speech-impaired people and those communicating with them

HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 3 2000
FRCSLT MSc Joyce Emerson
Abstract This study investigated the perception and experiences of people with speech impairments and of the general public when communicating with speech impaired people. The aim was to identify the actual concerns of people and factors that make communication easier or more difficult, to inform treatment programmes and information. A triangulated approach was used. Discussion groups were held with members of the public, in-depth interviews were conducted with speech-impaired people and an experimental study examined encounters between speech-impaired people and shop workers. In a partial replication of the work of Crow (1988) the views of speech-impaired people were elicited by a questionnaire. Concerns identified in group discussions related to the importance of time and the need for information. The experiment suggested that the type of speech impairment might influence attitudes. Findings from the questionnaire and the interviews emphasized the importance of taking time and being assertive. The limitations of the findings and the possible service implications are discussed. [source]


The impact of developmental speech and language impairments on the acquisition of literacy skills

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 3 2004
C. Melanie Schuele
Abstract Children with developmental speech/language impairments are at higher risk for reading disability than typical peers with no history of speech/language impairment. This article reviews the literacy outcomes of children with speech/language impairments, clarifying the differential risk for three groups of children: speech production impairments alone, oral language impairments alone, and speech production and oral language impairments. Children at greatest risk for reading and writing disabilities are children with language impairments alone and children with comorbid speech impairments and language impairments. For children with speech impairments alone, there is limited risk for literacy difficulties. However, even when reading skills are within the average range, children with speech impairments may have difficulties in spelling. Children with language impairments are likely to display reading deficits in word decoding and reading comprehension. It is not clear what role early literacy interventions play in the amelioration of reading difficulties in these populations. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:176,183. [source]


Concerns of speech-impaired people and those communicating with them

HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 3 2000
FRCSLT MSc Joyce Emerson
Abstract This study investigated the perception and experiences of people with speech impairments and of the general public when communicating with speech impaired people. The aim was to identify the actual concerns of people and factors that make communication easier or more difficult, to inform treatment programmes and information. A triangulated approach was used. Discussion groups were held with members of the public, in-depth interviews were conducted with speech-impaired people and an experimental study examined encounters between speech-impaired people and shop workers. In a partial replication of the work of Crow (1988) the views of speech-impaired people were elicited by a questionnaire. Concerns identified in group discussions related to the importance of time and the need for information. The experiment suggested that the type of speech impairment might influence attitudes. Findings from the questionnaire and the interviews emphasized the importance of taking time and being assertive. The limitations of the findings and the possible service implications are discussed. [source]


Brain Protection During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass

ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 4 2010
Xiaowei W. Su
Abstract Improvements in peri- and postoperative surgical techniques have greatly improved outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the treatment of congenital heart defects (CHDs). With decreased mortality rates, the incidence of adverse neurological outcomes, comprising cognitive and speech impairments, motor deficits, and behavioral abnormalities, has increased in those patients surviving bypass. A number of mechanisms, including ischemia, reperfusion injury, hypothermia, inflammation, and hemodilution, contribute to brain insult, which is further confounded by unique challenges presented in the pediatric population. However, a number of brain monitoring and preventative techniques have been developed or are being currently evaluated in the practice of pediatric CPB. Monitoring techniques include electroencephalography, near-infrared as well as visible light spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and emboli detection and classification quantitation. Preventative measures include hypothermic perfusion techniques such as deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, low-flow CPB, blood gas management, and pharmacologic prophylaxes, among others. The present review summarizes the principles of brain insult, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, monitoring techniques, methods of prevention, as well as preexisting morbidities and risk factors in pediatric CPB, with a focus on brain protection. Clinical and translational research is presented with the aim of determining methods that may optimize neurological outcomes post CPB and guiding further study. [source]