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Bacterial Prostatitis (bacterial + prostatitis)
Kinds of Bacterial Prostatitis Selected AbstractsBiofilms in chronic bacterial prostatitis (NIH-II) and in prostatic calcificationsFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Sandra Mazzoli Abstract The prevalence of inflammatory conditions of the prostate gland is increasing. In Italy, there is a high incidence of prostatitis (13.3%), also accompanied by prostatic calcifications. Cat NIH-II chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBPs) are the most frequent. Their aetiology theoretically involves the whole range of bacterial species that are able to form biofilms and infect prostate cells. The aim of our study was to isolate potential biofilm-producing bacteria from CBP patients, to evaluate their ability to produce in vitro biofilms, and to characterize intraprostatic bacteria and prostatic calcifications using scanning electron microscopy. The 150 clinical bacterial strains isolated from chronic prostatitis NIH-II patients were: 50 Enterococcus faecalis; 50 Staphylococcus spp.; 30 Escherichia coli; 20 gram-negative miscellanea. Quantitative assay of biofilm production and adhesion was performed according to the classic Christensen microwell assay. Isolates were classified as nonproducers, weak, moderate or strong producers. The majority of E. coli, gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococci and Enterococci strains were strong or medium producers: 63,30%, 75,15%, 46,36%, and 58,14%, respectively. Prostatic calcifications consisted of bacteria-like forms similar to the species isolated from biological materials and calcifications of patients. Our study proves, for the first time, that bacterial strains able to produce biofilms consistently are present in CBP. Additionally, prostatic calcifications are biofilm-related. [source] Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain in men: aetiology, diagnosis and management,JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2002GA Luzzi ABSTRACT Patients with chronic prostatitis/pelvic pain syndrome typically report genital or pelvic pain (in or around the penis, perineum, scrotum) lasting >3 months. Whereas true chronic bacterial prostatitis is an uncommon condition characterised by recurrent prostatic and urinary infection, chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common condition in which no infection is found. Recent surveys suggest a prevalence of 2.5,3% for CPPS. The four-glass test, traditionally used to distinguish inflammatory and inflammatory forms of CPPS, has not been adequately validated; whether the distinction is clinically meaningful is increasingly questioned. The aetiology of CPPS is not known; urodynamic studies imply a neuromuscular origin. More recent work supports a role for proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis. In the management of chronic bacterial prostatitis, trials support the use of quinolone antibiotics as first-line treatment. In contrast, the management of CPPS is generally unsatisfactory, as no reliable treatment has been identified. Treatments commonly tried include antibiotics (notably tetracyclines, quinolones and macrolides), anti-inflammatory agents, and alpha blockers. Newer approaches include trials of finasteride, quercetin and rofecoxib. A recent systematic review demonstrated that none of the current diagnostic and treatment methods for CPPS is supported by a robust evidence base. [source] Application of serum PSA to identify acute bacterial prostatitis in patients with fever of unknown origin or symptoms of acute pyelonephritis,THE PROSTATE, Issue 4 2004Noboru Hara Abstract BACKGROUND Exclusion of prostatitis in screening for prostate cancer (Cap) is a matter of concern in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era. Yet, the identification of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP), intentionally utilizing PSA in patients with pyrexia has been scarcely reported. METHODS In total, 39 men, who presented at our department with a fever higher than 38.3°C, were randomly selected. We investigated the fraction of patients who had serum PSA levels higher than 4.0 ng/ml and categorized them according to an initial diagnosis of pyelonephritis, ABP, other urogenital infections, and fever of unknown origin (FUO). RESULTS Six of nine cases initially diagnosed as pyelonephritis, presented with elevated PSA levels between 9.5 and 75.1 ng/ml. All six cases of clinically diagnosed prostatitis had PSA elevated between 4.1 and 13.6 ng/ml. In 8 of 18 FUO cases, PSA was elevated between 5.1 and 77.0 ng/ml. PSA levels significantly correlated with age (P,<,0.005). All 20 patients with elevated PSA received antibiotics, and serum PSA was significantly reduced in all cases (P,<,0.001) together with the alleviation of fever and normalization of CRP. CONCLUSIONS PSA is a prompt and steady diagnostic tool for identifying ABP that might be missed or misdiagnosed. We recommend the measurement of PSA in cases not only with urologic infection but also puzzling pyrexia. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] May Chlamydia trachomatis be an aetiological agent of chronic prostatic infection?ANDROLOGIA, Issue 3 2010V. Ouzounova-Raykova Summary Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease. The objective of this study was to establish the presence/absence of C. trachomatis in 98 patients with chronic complaints about the prostate and to evaluate the role of this bacterium in the inflammation of the gland. We performed culture and microscopical examination of pre-massage/post-massage urine and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS). In all cases, culture on McCoy cells and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the EPS was performed. Based on laboratory findings in 53 cases (54.08%), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were isolated and accepted as causative agents of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Forty-five patients were categorised as patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The results from the PCR and the cell culture for detection of C. trachomatis were as follows , two positive probes detected at the same time by applying PCR and cultivation and 1 positive only by PCR but not by cultivation on the cell line. Based on these results, it is concluded that C. trachomatis is not so frequently detected in our patients. C. trachomatis may be accepted as one of the aetiological agents of chronic prostatitis and testing for this infection is highly recommended when presumption for chronic prostatitis is apparent. [source] Physician's practice patterns for chronic prostatitisANDROLOGIA, Issue 5 2009L. Liu Summary Chronic prostatitis (CP) is one of the most prevalent conditions in urology, yet the most poorly understood. Although there is little controversy regarding the therapy for documented acute bacterial infections, most symptomatic men do not have bacterial prostatitis, for which treatment and management are usually successful. Throughout the past century, the diagnostic entity of CP has been recognised and its clinical characteristics have been well described. However, no hard and fast guidelines have been developed. To date, several surveys of physicians have been undertaken in order to examine their practice characteristics, attitude, diagnostics and treatment modalities applied in patients with CP. These surveys demonstrate that physicians show large deficits in familiarity with and knowledge of CP along with significant uniformity in the medical approach to this condition and confirm the frustration experienced by physicians in the management of this disease. The results of these studies also suggest an important role for continuing education on the diagnosis and treatment of CP. Further study is needed to identify the aetiology and pathogenesis of male chronic pelvic pain and to establish guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment. [source] The 2001 Giessen Cohort Study on patients with prostatitis syndrome , an evaluation of inflammatory status and search for microorganisms 10 years after a first analysisANDROLOGIA, Issue 5 2003H. Schneider Summary. During the last years tremendous changes have occurred in the epidemiologic knowledge and the diagnostic process of the prostatitis syndrome. A new worldwide-accepted classification system has become the gold standard in contemporary literature. The aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory and infectious status of men with prostatitis syndrome with results from our study cohort from 1992. A total of 168 symptomatic men (mean age 43.2 years; range 18,79) attending the Giessen prostatitis outpatient department were included. All men underwent a standard four-glass-test including leucocyte analysis in all specimens. A routine search for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis was performed. Ejaculate analysis following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria has been performed including the evaluation of increased number of peroxidase-positive leucocytes (PPL). Men were classified according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) prostatitis classification. The distribution of patients according to NIH criteria is as follows: NIH II (4.2%), NIH IIIA (31.5%), NIH IIIB (50.0%) and urethroprostatitis (14.3%). Chlamydial infection was present in one man (0.6%). Only two men with increased leucocytes in prostatic secretions demonstrated , 106 million mF1 PPL in semen. As compared with our cohort study 10 years ago, the proportion of the different subtypes of the prostatitis syndrome have remained stable. The aetiological spectrum of chronic bacterial prostatitis has not changed whereas, in contrast, the prevalence of C. trachomatis now is found to be strikingly reduced. Using the WHO cutpoints for leucocytospermia the inclusion of seminal leucocytes to the diagnostic process has not influenced the distribution between inflammatory (type NIH IIIA) and noninflammatory (type NIH IIIB) chronic pelvic pain syndrome. [source] Chronic prostatitis and male accessory gland infection , is there an impact on male infertility (diagnosis and therapy)?ANDROLOGIA, Issue 5 2003K. Everaert Summary. The aim of this article was to discuss by means of a review of the literature and own study material the multifactorial aetiology of male infertility, extrapolate this hypothesis to male accessory gland infection (MAGI) and relate it to chronic prostatitis and its treatment. Infertility is a multifactorial disease and diagnosis and therapy must be oriented as such. Although the relationship between prostatitis and infertility remains unclear, bacteria, viruses, leucocytes, reactive oxygen species, cytokines, obstruction and immunological abnormalities must be seen as cofactors in the development of infertility in patients with MAGI and prostatitis. Infection, trauma, allergy, neurogenic damage, chemical or mechanical factors can lead to a long-lasting inflammation of the prostate or pelvic organs even after eradication of the aetiological agent, and is potentially related to infertility through cytokines. In relation to treatment of infertility, antibiotics play a role in bacterial prostatitis whereas in abacterial prostatitis other treatments like antioxidants, sacral nerve stimulation and anti-inflammatory treatment are worth to be studied in the future. [source] Antibiotic therapy , rationale and evidence for optimal drug concentrations in prostatic and seminal fluid and in prostatic tissueANDROLOGIA, Issue 5 2003Kurt G. Naber Summary. The theoretical background of drug penetration into the prostate is outlined, emphasizing the phenomenon of ion-trapping and the role of nonionic diffusion of weak acids, bases and amphoteric drugs across biological membranes with a pH gradient. Determination of drug concentrations in human prostatic secretion are problematic because of possible urinary contamination. Studies have been carried out mainly in healthy volunteers. The results have to be interpreted with caution, if not care was taken to rule out or at least identify urinary contamination. Analysing the concentrations of various fluoroquinolones in prostatic and seminal fluid as well as in prostatic tissue, it becomes obvious that the fluoroquinolones differ not only in plasma concentrations but also in their penetration ability to these sites. In spite of intensive investigations, our knowledge is still limited concerning the mechanisms that govern the transport of antibiotic drugs into and their activity in the various prostatic compartments and how the findings can be applied clinically. Nevertheless, overall the concentrations at the site of infection of most of the fluoroquinolones should be sufficient for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and vesiculitis caused by susceptible pathogens. [source] | ||||||||||