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Bacterial Profiles (bacterial + profile)
Selected AbstractsFaecal bacterial profile, nitrogen excretion and mineral absorption in healthy dogs fed supplemental oligofructoseJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 9-10 2002A. C. Beynen Summary In a cross-over trial, five healthy dogs were fed a dry food without or with 1% (w/w) oligofructose to assess any oligofructose-induced effects on the faecal bacterial profile, nitrogen excretion and mineral absorption. The diets were given for a period of 3 weeks. Oligofructose feeding significantly raised the number of Bifidobacteria, Streptococci and Clostridia in faeces. The numbers of faecal anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were raised after ingestion of oligofructose. The faecal pH was unchanged. There was no effect of oligofructose feeding on the route of nitrogen excretion which was associated with a lack of effect on faecal ammonium and urinary urea excretion. It is suggested that the absence or presence of an effect of oligofructose on urinary and faecal nitrogen excretion depends on the background composition of the diet, in particular the content of non-digestible, fermentable carbohydrates. In the diets used, the content of non-digestible, fermentable carbohydrates was not measured. Both apparent magnesium and calcium absorption were significantly raised by oligofructose feeding, but phosphorus absorption was unaffected. The data presented may contribute to the qualification of the use of oligofructose in dog foods. [source] Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a virtually closed water reticulation systemJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2000S.G. Mulamattathil The effect of the effluent from a chicken meat-processing plant on the antibiotic-resistant bacterial profile was investigated in an almost closed water reticulation system. Of the 273 faecal coliform isolates 256 (93%) were resistant to one or more of the eight antibiotics tested. The most prevalent isolates were for the ,-lactam antibiotics ampicillin and cephalothin followed by the sulphonamides sulphatriad and cotrimoxazole. Eleven different resistance patterns were identified with a single pattern, comprising of ampicillin-, cephalothin-, streptomycin-, sulphatriad-, cotrimoxazole- and tetracyclin-resistant isolates, dominating the meat-processing effluent. An apparent correlation was observed between the specific use of certain antibiotics and the prevalence of the corresponding resistant bacterial isolates. The drugs used to treat the occasional infections, belonging to the ,-lactam and sulphonamide group of antibiotics, seemed to have a more pronounced effect on the antibiotic-resistant bacterial profile in the primary water source than those drugs used as feed additives, oxytetracyclin and the aminoglycoside flavomycin. [source] Gene expression signatures in chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a pilot studyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2004Panos N. Papapanou This pilot study examined gene expression signatures in pathological gingival tissues of subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis, and explored whether new subclasses of periodontitis can be identified based on gene expression profiles. A total of 14 patients, seven with chronic and seven with aggressive periodontitis, were examined with respect to clinical periodontal status, composition of subgingival bacterial plaque assessed by checkerboard hybridizations, and levels of serum IgG antibodies to periodontal bacteria assayed by checkerboard immunoblotting. In addition, at least two pathological pockets/patient were biopsied, processed for RNA extraction, amplification and labeling, and used to study gene expression using Affymetrix U-133 A arrays. Based on a total of 35 microarrays, no significantly different gene expression profiles appeared to emerge between chronic and aggressive periodontitis. However, a de novo grouping of the 14 subjects into two fairly robust clusters was possible based on similarities in gene expression. These two groups had similar clinical periodontal status and subgingival bacterial profiles, but differed significantly with respect to serum IgG levels against the important periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Campylobacter rectus. These early data point to the usefulness of gene expression profiling techniques in the identification of subclasses of periodontitis with common pathobiology. [source] Periodontal microbiota and clinical periodontal status in a rural sample in southern ThailandEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 5 2002P. N. Papapanou We sought to determine (i) the association of subgingival bacterial profiles to clinical periodontal status in a population with limited access to dental care in Thailand, and (ii) the external validity of our earlier findings from a similar study in rural China. We examined 356 subjects, 30,39 yr old and 50,59 yr old, with respect to clinical periodontal status and subgingival plaque at maximally 14 sites per subject. Checkerboard hybridizations were used to analyse a total of 4343 samples. The prevalence of the 27 species investigated ranged between 87.2% and 100%. Discriminant analysis based on microbial profiles classified correctly 67.5% of all deep (, 5 mm) and 64.2% of all shallow sites, and 67.4% of all subjects with and 69.3% of all subjects without , 3 deep pockets. High colonization by ,red complex' bacteria was four times as likely (95% Confidence Limits (CL) 2.5,6.6) in subjects with ,,10 sites with attachment loss of ,,5 mm, and 4.3 times as likely (95% CL 2.6,7.1) in subjects with , 30 such sites. The data confirmed (i) the ubiquitous prevalence of the bacteria investigated in subjects with no regular access to dental care; and (ii) the high odds for periodontal pathology conferred by increased levels of specific periodontal bacteria. [source] Linkage of microbial ecology to phenotype: correlation of rumen microbial ecology to cattle's feed efficiencyFEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 1 2008Le Luo Guan Abstract Linkage of rumen microbial structure to host phenotypical traits may enhance the understanding of host,microbial interactions in livestock species. This study used culture-independent PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to investigate the microbial profiles in the rumen of cattle differing in feed efficiency. The analysis of detectable bacterial PCR-DGGE profiles showed that the profiles generated from efficient steers clustered together and were clearly separated from those obtained from inefficient steers, indicating that specific bacterial groups may only inhabit in efficient steers. In addition, the bacterial profiles were more likely clustered within a certain breed, suggesting that host genetics may play an important role in rumen microbial structure. The correlations between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and feed efficiency traits were also observed. Significantly higher concentrations of butyrate (P<0.001) and valerate (P=0.006) were detected in the efficient steers. Our results revealed potential associations between the detectable rumen microbiota and its fermentation parameters with the feed efficiency of cattle. [source] Bleeding on probing differentially relates to bacterial profiles: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology StudyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Ryan T. Demmer Abstract Aim: Various bacterial species are differentially prevalent in periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. We tested the independent associations between three bacterial groupings and gingival inflammation in an epidemiological study. Material and Methods: In 706 Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) participants 55 years, bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD) and subgingival plaque samples (n=4866) were assessed in eight sites per mouth. Eleven bacterial species were quantitatively assayed and grouped as follows: (i) aetiologic burden (EB, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia); (ii) putative burden (PB, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia); (iii) health-associated burden (HAB, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula). Results: After mutual adjustment for EB, PB and HAB, the BoP prevalence increased by 45% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of EB while BoP decreased by 13% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of HAB. Mean PD increased 0.8 mm and decreased 0.3 mm from the first to fourth quartiles of EB (p<0.0001) and HAB ( p<0.0001), respectively. Among 1214 plaque samples with fourth quartile EB, 60% were collected from sites with PD 3 mm. Conclusion: Bacterial species believed to be aetiologically related to periodontitis were associated with BoP in sites with minimal PD and/or attachment level (AL). Species presumed to be associated with periodontal health demonstrated inverse associations with BoP. [source] Distribution of 10 periodontal bacterial species in children and adolescents over a 7-year periodORAL DISEASES, Issue 7 2008K Nakano Objective:, There is scant information available regarding the distribution of periodontal bacterial species in children and adolescents over an extended period. The purpose of this study was to compare bacterial profiles in the same individuals over a period of 7 years. Subject and methods:, Twenty-six children and adolescents from whom dental plaque and saliva specimens were obtained during both the first (1999,2000) and second (2006,2007) periods, were analyzed. Bacterial DNA was extracted from each specimen and the presence of 10 periodontal bacterial species was determined using a PCR method, with a focus on the red complex species of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Results:, Subjects with red complex species in saliva specimens obtained during the second collection possessed a significantly higher number of total bacterial species than those without. The detection rate of the red complex species in the second collection period samples was significantly greater in subjects who had two or more species detected in samples taken during the first collection compared with the other subjects. Conclusion:, Subjects possessing red complex species may be at possible risk for infection with a high number of periodontal bacterial species during adolescent and younger adult years. [source] Fecal bacterial diversity of human-habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park, Western TanzaniaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2010Brian A. Szekely Abstract Although the intestinal flora of chimpanzees has not been studied, insight into this dynamic environment can be obtained through studies on their feces. We analyzed fecal samples from human-habituated, wild chimpanzees at Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, and compared microbial community profiles to determine if members of the same social group were similar. Between July and December 2007, we collected fresh fecal samples from 12 individuals: four juveniles, four adolescents, and four adults, including three parent,offspring pairs. Each sample was analyzed using Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Twelve different profiles were generated, having between 1 and 15 Terminal-Restriction Fragments (T-RFs). Overall, a total of 23 different T-RFs were produced. Putative assignments of T-RFs corresponded to the phyla Firmicutes (Clostridia, Bacilli, and Lactobacilli), Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes Class), Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, as well as to uncultured or unidentified organisms. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla and Mollicutes Class were the most commonly assigned in 11, 8, and 8 of the samples, respectively, with this being the first report of Mollicutes in wild chimpanzees. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) revealed clustering of nine samples, and 80.5% of the diversity was accounted for by three samples. Morisita indices of community similarity ranged between 0.00 and 0.89, with dissimiliarity (<0.5) between most samples when compared two at a time. Our findings suggest that, although phylotypes are common among individuals, profiles among members of the same social group are host-specific. We conclude that factors other than social group, such as kinship and age, may influence fecal bacterial profiles of wild chimpanzees, and recommend that additional studies be conducted. Am. J. Primatol. 72:566,574, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||