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Sonographic Anatomy (sonographic + anatomy)
Selected AbstractsNormal ultrasound anatomy of the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist: A study on cadavers and on healthy subjectsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 4 2009Lionel Pesquer MD Abstract Purpose. To report the normal sonographic anatomy of the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) of the wrist in cadavers and volunteers. Method. Five hands from cadavers were examined sonographically before and after wrist dissection, during which the TFC was marked with surgical wires. Twenty volunteers without wrist limitation or pain, and without any history of wrist disease or inflammatory arthritis (mean age, 26 years (range,19,45 years) were also examined. Results. Sonograms showed that the meniscus and the TFC were clearly separated. The meniscus appeared as a triangular structure that was homogeneous and slightly hyperechoic. Compared with the meniscus, the TFC appeared hypoechoic. The same patterns were observed for cadavers and volunteers. In 3 volunteers (15%), the TFC was not visualized. Conclusions. Using high-resolution ultrasound systems, the TFC can be separated from meniscus. However, vizualization of the TFC remains limited due to its deep location and the presence of acoustic shadowing from bony structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009 [source] Sonographic evaluation of the normal hypothenar compartment musculatureJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 8 2001Wolfgang Grechenig MD Abstract Purpose We propose a standardized sonographic examination technique to evaluate the muscles of the hypothenar region and describe their normal sonographic appearance. Methods The hypothenar region was studied with sonography in 20 healthy volunteers using 5,12-MHz linear-array transducers. The assessment included dynamic testing. Results All hypothenar muscles could be identified in all subjects and their courses followed entirely. In addition, their function could be assessed by scanning during active and passive movements. Conclusions Knowledge of the normal sonographic anatomy of the hypothenar region is essential for evaluation of pathologic conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:441,448, 2001. [source] Transabdominal sonography of the normal gastroesophageal junction in childrenJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 6 2001Francesco Esposito MD Abstract Purpose Because sonography identifies abnormalities of the gastroesophageal junction, it is essential to understand the normal sonographic anatomy. The aim of this study was to determine the normal sonographic appearance of the gastroesophageal junction and its variations and to provide measurements of the abdominal esophagus in asymptomatic, healthy children. Methods In this prospective study, 124 healthy children (75 boys and 49 girls), aged 2 days,12 years, underwent abdominal sonography. With the patient in a supine position, the transducer was placed under the xiphoid and the ultrasound beam was directed cephalad through the window of the left lobe of the liver. The length of the abdominal esophagus was measured from the point at which it penetrated the diaphragm to the gastroesophageal junction. The thickness was measured on the anterior wall at the midpoint of the abdominal esophagus. Results The gastroesophageal junction was identified by sonography in all of the children. The mean length of the abdominal portion of the esophagus ranged from 18 mm in the newborns to 34 mm in children older than 6 years. The wall thickness ranged from 2.4 mm to 5.7 mm. Conclusions Our results indicate that visualization of the gastroesophageal junction and measurement of the abdominal esophagus are readily achievable with real-time sonography in healthy children. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:326,331, 2001. [source] Ultrasonographic guidance in pediatric regional anesthesia.PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 11 2006Part 2: techniques Summary The benefits of regional anesthesia are well documented. The downsides of such techniques have been a significant failure rate and a potential for serious complications. Nearly, all regional blocks were first described as essentially ,blind' techniques. The development of high-resolution portable ultrasound (US) has made the use of US for regional anesthesia possible. Improved understanding of sonographic anatomy should lessen both the failure rate and the possibility of incurring serious complications. Natural caution has dictated that only a selection of blocks used in adults has been commonly used in pediatric practice, but with the aid of US, the repertoire of blocks for infants and children may be widened. The second part of this review will concentrate on the practice of both peripheral and central blocks. [source] Sonographic detection of the optic radiationACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2005Annemieke Boxma Abstract Objective: To describe a region of hyperechoic white matter adjacent to the atrium of the lateral ventricle of preterms, and to speculate on the relevance of detecting preterm white matter injury. Patients and methods: Cranial ultrasound images of 92 preterms of gestational age (GA) 32 wk or less were reviewed. For each infant, one first week standard coronal image was used for measurement of grey values around the para-atrial region of interest (PAROI) relative to the choroid plexus. For verification of the sonographic anatomy, MR images of an adult brain were used. For reference, neuro-anatomical images were compared in several atlases. In a group of nine preterms of similar GA with cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) or MR-confirmed white matter disease, the disappearance of the PAROI was examined. Results: The hyperechoic para-atrial area, subjectively detected in 84% of the patients, was situated bilaterally between the inner end of the lateral fissure and the upper third of the choroid plexus. In white matter caudal to the atrium, the hyperechoic band could be pursued towards the calcarine area. The average ratio of grey value around the PAROI to the choroid plexus was 0.787 (SD=0.072, median 0.791). There was no correlation between PAROI grey value and gestational age. At 26 wk gestational age, the average ratio was 0.781 (n=14), and 0.789 (n=17) at 31 wk. Location of the PAROI agrees with the angle of the upper loop of the optic radiation. None of the nine infants with white matter damage had PAROIs clearly distinguishable from flaring. Conclusion: The symmetrical and unchanged acoustic character between 26 and 31 wk of gestational age argues in favour of the hypothesis that the PAROI is an anatomical structure. The localization of the hyperechoic band supports the hypothesis that it represents part of the optic radiation. Further study is needed to examine the absence of a hyperechoic para-atrial band as a prognostic marker of the extension and severity of white matter injury. [source] | ||||||||||