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Sodium Cyanide (sodium + cyanide)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Chemistry85%

Selected Abstracts

ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Molecular Oxygen or Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Cyanide: sp3 C,H Bond Activation and Carbon,Carbon Bond Formation.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 51 2008
Shun-Ichi Murahashi
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source]

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Cyanide.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 7 2006
Shun-Ichi Murahashi
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source]

A New Class of Enehydroxylamino Ketones , (R)-2-(1-Hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)ethanones: Synthesis and Reactions

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2004
Vladimir A. Reznikov
Abstract Three approaches to the synthesis of (R)-2-(1-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)ethanones 1 are described: (a) condensation of 1,2-bishydroxylamines with ,-ketoaldehyde synthons, (b) treatment of metallated 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-4,5-dihydroimidazoles with esters, and (c) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between 1-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroimidazole-3-oxide and DMAD. The reactivity of 1 with electrophiles has been studied. The exocyclic methylene (enamine) carbon atom is shown to be the major site of electrophilic attack. Synthesized chloro-substituted 1-hydroxy-2-acetylideneimidazolidines react with sodium cyanide to form the corresponding nitriles. Oxidation of these nitriles occurs with formation of persistent vinyl nitroxides, which are of interest as potential paramagnetic ligands. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004) [source]

Heterogeneously Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Sodium Cyanide/Hydrogen Peroxide using Polymer-Supported Iron(II) Phthalocyanines as Catalyst

ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 8 2010
Sweety Singhal
Abstract The first report on heterogeneously catalyzed oxidative cyanation of various tertiary amines to the corresponding ,-amino nitriles with high yields and selectivity by using hydrogen peroxide oxidant in presence of sodium cyanide and Fe(II) phthalocyanine supported on a polymer as catalyst is described. The present method has the added benefits of facile recovery of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and its subsequent use without further activation. Consistent catalytic activity with no metal leaching was observed during this course. [source]

Practical [14C]-synthesis of molecules containing an acetic acid moiety: application to [14C]-labeled DP1 antagonists

JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 1 2007
Carl Berthelette
Abstract Efficient carbon-14 labeling of four potent and selective DP1 antagonists is reported. The synthetic sequence began with ,-hydroxylation, reduction of an ester, followed by oxidative diol cleavage and aldehyde reduction. The resulting alcohol 4 was converted to a mesylate then nucleophilic substitution with [14C]-sodium cyanide was performed to yield a nitrile, which upon basic hydrolysis provided the carbon-14 labeled acid 1. Compound 2 was obtained from the same alcohol intermediate 4 and two diastereomeric compounds 6 and 7 were easily prepared from compound 2. Carbon-14 synthesis of compounds 1, 2, 6 and 7 were achieved in good yields, high radiochemical purity (>99%) and with high specific activity (45 mCi/mmol). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Mitochondrial impacts of insecticidal formate esters in insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible Drosophila melanogaster

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2009
Cheol Song
Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous research on insecticidal formate esters in flies and mosquitoes has documented toxicity profiles, metabolism characteristics and neurological impacts. The research presented here investigated mitochondrial impacts of insecticidal formate esters and their hydrolyzed metabolite formic acid in the model dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster Meig. These studies compared two Drosophila strains: an insecticide-susceptible strain (Canton-S) and a strain resistant by cytochrome P450 overexpression (Hikone-R). RESULTS: In initial studies investigating inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, two proven insecticidal materials (hydramethylnon and sodium cyanide) caused significant inhibition. However, for insecticidal formate esters and formic acid, no significant inhibition was identified in either fly strain. Mitochondrial impacts of formate esters were then investigated further by tracking toxicant-induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, a biomarker of apoptosis and neurological dysfunction. Formic acid and three positive control treatments (rotenone, antimycin A and sodium cyanide) induced cytochrome c release, verifying that formic acid is capable of causing mitochondrial disruption. However, when comparing formate ester hydrolysis and cytochrome c release between Drosophila strains, formic acid liberation was only weakly correlated with cytochrome c release in the susceptible Canton-S strain (r2 = 0.70). The resistant Hikone-R strain showed no correlation (r2 < 0.0001) between formate ester hydrolysis and cytochrome c release. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide confirmation of mitochondrial impacts by insecticidal formate esters and suggest links between mitochondrial disruption, respiratory inhibition, apoptosis and formate-ester-induced neurotoxicity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Location and properties of respiratory neurones with putative intrinsic bursting properties in the rat in situ

THE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 13 2009
Walter M. St.-John
Using the in situ arterially perfused preparations of both neonatal and juvenile rats, we provide the first description of the location, morphology and transmitter content of a population of respiratory neurones that retains a bursting behaviour after ionotropic receptor blockade. All burster neurones exhibited an inspiratory discharge during eupnoeic respiration. These neurones were predominantly glutamatergic, and were located within a region of the ventral respiratory column that encompasses the pre-Bötzinger complex and the more caudally located ventral respiratory group. Bursting behaviour was both voltage and persistent sodium current dependent and could be stimulated by sodium cyanide to activate this persistent sodium current. The population of burster neurones may overlap with that previously described in the neonatal slice in vitro. Based upon the present and previous findings, we hypothesize that this burster discharge may be released when the brain is subject to severe hypoxia or ischaemia, and that this burster discharge could underlie gasping. [source]