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Smooth Operation (smooth + operation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Functional Interpretations of Constructive Set Theory in All Finite Types

DIALECTICA, Issue 2 2008
Justus Diller
Gödel's dialectica interpretation of Heyting arithmetic HA may be seen as expressing a lack of confidence in our understanding of unbounded quantification. Instead of formally proving an implication with an existential consequent or with a universal antecedent, the dialectica interpretation asks, under suitable conditions, for explicit ,interpreting' instances that make the implication valid. For proofs in constructive set theory CZF - , it may not always be possible to find just one such instance, but it must suffice to explicitly name a set consisting of such interpreting instances. The aim of eliminating unbounded quantification in favor of appropriate constructive functionals will still be obtained, as our ,-interpretation theorem for constructive set theory in all finite types CZF, - shows. By changing to a hybrid interpretation ,q, we show closure of CZF, - under rules that , in stronger forms , have already been studied in the context of Heyting arithmetic. In a similar spirit, we briefly survey modified realizability of CZF, - and its hybrids. Central results of this paper have been proved by Burr 2000a and Schulte 2006, however, for different translations. We use a simplified interpretation that goes back to Diller and Nahm 1974. A novel element is a lemma on absorption of bounds which is essential for the smooth operation of our translation. [source]

On-line hybrid test combining with general-purpose finite element software

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 12 2006
Tao Wang
Abstract A new on-line hybrid test system incorporated with the substructuring technique is developed. In this system, a general-purpose finite element software is employed to obtain the restoring forces of the numerical substructure accurately. The restart option is repeatedly used to accommodate the software with alternating loading and analysis characteristic of the on-line test but without touching the source code. An eight-storey base-isolated structure is tested to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed test system. The overall structure is divided into two substructures, i.e. a superstructure to be analysed by the software and a base-isolation layer to be tested physically. Collisions between the base-isolation layer and the surrounding walls are considered in the test. The responses of the overall structure are reasonable, and smooth operation is achieved without any malfunction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A spy on the payroll?

HISTORICAL RESEARCH, Issue 220 2010
William Herle, the mid Elizabethan polity
A body of recent work focusing on the components of Tudor policy has drawn attention to those ,second-rank' figures crucial for the efficient running of the Elizabethan administration. After close archival excavation, men like Robert Beale, largely marginal to the historiography of the period for so long, have now been identified and credited with a role which was fundamental to the smooth operation of the Tudor political system. In this group of men, participating on the fringes of the polity and whose activities, whether clerical or more recondite, contributed to the formation of domestic and international policy, is found William Herle, an agent, diplomatic envoy and intelligencer for Elizabeth I's ministers. An elusive figure, and passed over by many scholars, Herle's epistolary contribution to the administrative and intelligence bureaux of William Cecil, Lord Burghley, Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester, and Sir Francis Walsingham reveals the information channels and structures behind the decision-making process of this triumvirate of political heavyweights and their conciliar fraternity. [source]

Measuring profitability impacts of information technology: Use of risk adjusted measures

PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2003
Anil Singh
This study focuses on understanding how investments in information technology are reflected in the income statements and balance sheets of firms. Today, little doubt exists that information technology is being used by organizations in a wide variety of settings and ways and that information technology is critical for the smooth operation of many organizations. Further, a strong body of research exists showing that information technology usage is positively correlated with organizational productivity. However, empirical evidence of information technology contributing to corporate profitability has not been forthcoming. Although the income statements, balance sheets, and cash-flow statements all together summarize the financial structure, health and profitability of firms but still much doubt and confusion exists over the impacts of information technology usage on a firm's "hard" numbers such as revenues, cost, profit margins, or financial ratios and structure. So far, only a few studies have found a significant positive relationship between information technology and some aspect of corporate profitability. The present research argues that the inability of earlier studies to identify the relationship between information technology investments and bottom-line performance is in part because of methodological reasons. This study first defines and develops risk-adjusted measures of corporate profitability. Then, it examines the income statements and balance sheets of more than 500 firms that are leading users of information technology for the period 1988-98. Finally, the study shows that the relationship between information technology investments and corporate profitability is much better explained by using risk-adjusted measures of corporate profitability than using the same measures of corporate profitability but unadjusted for risk. [source]