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Slower Response (slower + response)
Selected AbstractsAre diatoms good integrators of temporal variability in stream water quality?FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008ISABELLE LAVOIE Summary 1. Although diatoms have been used for many decades for river monitoring around the world, studies showing evidence that diatoms integrate temporal variability in water chemistry are scarce. 2. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of the Eastern Canadian Diatom Index (IDEC: Indice Diatomées de l'Est du Canada) with respect to temporal water chemistry variability using three different spatio-temporal data sets. 3. Along a large phosphorus gradient, the IDEC was highly correlated with averaged water chemistry data. Along within-stream phosphorus gradients, the IDEC integrated phosphorus over various periods of time, depending on the trophic status of the site studied (Boyer, Nicolet or Ste. Anne river) and variability in nutrient concentration. 4. In the Ste. Anne River, where nutrient concentrations were low and generally stable, an input of phosphorus induced a rapid change in diatom community structure and IDEC value within the following week. In the mesotrophic Nicolet River, the observed integration period was approximately 2 weeks. Diatom communities in the eutrophic Boyer River appeared to be adapted to frequent and significant fluctuations in nutrient concentrations. In this system, the IDEC therefore showed a slower response to short term fluctuations and integrated nutrient concentrations over a period of 5 weeks. 5. Our results suggest that the integration period varies as a function of trophic status and nutrient concentration variability in the streams. Oligotrophic streams are more sensitive to nutrient variations and their diatom communities are directly altered by nutrient increase, while diatom communities of eutrophic rivers are less sensitive to nutrient fluctuations and major variations take a longer time to be integrated into index values. 6. The longer integration period in the eutrophic environment may be attributed to the complexity of the diatom community. The results from this study showed that the diversity and evenness of the communities increased with trophic status. [source] Timing and prediction of relapse in a transdiagnostic eating disorder sampleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 7 2008Traci McFarlane PhD Abstract Objective: To identify factors that predict relapse in eating disorders to direct the development of effective relapse prevention interventions. Method: Fifty-eight participants who had partially remitted from their eating disorder after intensive treatment were prospectively followed for up to 24 months. A transdiagnostic sample was included based on current recommendations. Results: The 12-month survival rate was 0.59, indicating that 41% of the sample had relapsed at this time, and four factors emerged as significant predictors of relapse. These factors included more severe pretreatment caloric restriction, higher residual symptoms at discharge, slower response to treatment, and higher weight-related self-evaluation. Conclusion: Clinical recommendations based on these data include encouraging clients to adopt the recommended behavioral changes immediately at the beginning of treatment, and to make complete symptom control a priority. In addition, addressing weight-related self-evaluation and teaching clients to detach from this schema that connects weight/shape with self-esteem may be an effective and feasible step toward relapse prevention. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008 [source] Business Investment under Uncertainty and Irreversibility,OXONOMICS, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 9 JUL 200, Domenico Lombardi This article surveys developments in the literature on business investment that have shed light on important aspects of firms' investment behaviour. Recent contributions emphasize the relevance of idiosyncratic factors affecting investment decisions such as the degree of irreversibility and uncertainty, whose interaction may generate an opportunity cost equivalent to the exercise of an option. They add an important dimension to the neoclassical theory of investment in so far as they emphasize cross-sectional differences in optimal investment behavior. The econometric evidence is consistent with the predictions of these models pointing to a slower response of investment to demand shocks at higher levels of uncertainty. [source] Slow-responders to IV ,2 -adrenergic agonist therapy: Defining a novel phenotype in pediatric asthma,PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 7 2008Christopher L. Carroll MD Abstract Objectives While aerosolized administration of ,2 -adrenergic receptor (,2 -AR) agonists is the mainstay of treatment for pediatric asthma exacerbations, the efficacy of intravenous (IV) delivery is controversial. Failure to demonstrate improved outcomes with IV ,2 -AR agonists may be due to phenotypic differences within this patient population. Our hypothesis is that children who respond more slowly to IV ,2 -AR agonist therapy comprise a distinct phenotype. Methods Retrospective chart review of all children admitted to the ICU for status asthmaticus who were treated with IV terbutaline between December 2002 and September 2006. Results Seventy-eight children were treated with IV terbutaline according to guidelines that adjusted the dose by clinical asthma score. After examining the histogram of duration of terbutaline infusions, a 48-hr cutoff was chosen to define responsiveness. Thirty-eight (49%) children were slow-responders by this definition. There were no significant differences in baseline asthma severity or severity on admission between the slow-responders and responders. Slow-responders required significantly higher total doses of IV terbutaline, higher maximum administration rates, and had longer ICU and hospital length of stay. Conclusion There were significant differences in outcomes between the responders and slow-responders without differences in acute or chronic illness severity. Other factors may have lead to slower response to IV ,2 -agonist therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:627,633. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] When vying reveals lying: the timed antagonistic response alethiometerAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Aiden P. Gregg Two experiments tested a new computer-based lie-detection technique. The Timed Antagonistic Response Alethiometer (TARA) manufacturers a situation in which, if respondents lie, they must perform two incompatible tasks, whereas if they tell the truth, they can perform two compatible ones. Both tasks involve repeatedly classifying target and control statements as true or false. The incompatible task combination, being more difficult, takes longer to complete correctly; hence, slower responses diagnose dishonesty. Experiment 1 found that, while concurrently classifying control statements honestly, participants invariably took longer to classify target statements dishonestly than honestly. Exploiting this effect, Experiment 2 found that separate groups of liars and truth-tellers could be distinguished with about 85% accuracy. The properties and potential of the technique are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||