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Skin Glands (skin + gland)
Selected AbstractsHuman breast areolae as scent organs: Morphological data and possible involvement in maternal-neonatal coadaptationDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Benoist Schaal Abstract In humans, areolar skin glands (AG) enlarge during pregnancy and lactation. Their role in mother-infant interactions may pertain to protective, mechanical, and communicative functions. It was questioned here whether more profuse AG could be related to more optimal adaptation to breastfeeding. A morphological study of the areolae was undertaken between birth and day 3 to assess the number, secretory status, and spatial distribution of AG. These data were related to infants' weight variation, mothers' perception of their infant's behavior at breast, and time between delivery and onset of lactation. AG were seen in virtually all women but with great interindividual variations; their areolar distribution was nonrandom, and about 1/5 of the women had AG giving off a secretion. The AG number was positively related with neonatal weight gain between birth and day 3, and with the mother's perception of infant's latching speed and sucking activity. AG numbers were also positively related with the onset of lactation in first-time mothers. In conclusion, the maternal endowment in AG may contribute to the infants' breastfeeding performance, early growth, and the mother's lactation onset. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psyshobiol 48: 100,110, 2006. [source] The ventral skin glands, new additional cloacal glands in Proteus anguinus (Caudata, Proteidae).ACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 3 2000Abstract Guillaume, O. 2000. The ventral skin glands, new additional cloacal glands in Proteus anguinus (Caudata, Proteidae). I. Female. ,Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 81: 213,221 Cloacae of female Proteus anguinus were examined by light and electron microscopy. Females possess spermathecae and anterior ventral glands such as Necturus females. However, female P. anguinus possess new additional cloacal glands of unknown homology. These tubular glands secrete on the ventral epidermis of the cloacal area. Considering these characteristics, it is proposed that they will be called the ventral skin glands. [source] Structure,activity relationship of an antibacterial peptide, maculatin 1.1, from the skin glands of the tree frog, Litoria genimaculataJOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 7 2004Takuro Niidome Abstract Maculatin 1.1 (Mac) is a cationic antibacterial peptide isolated from the dorsal glands of the tree frog, Litoria genimaculata, and has a sequence of GLFGVLAKVAAHVVPAIAEHF-NH2. A short peptide lacking the N -terminal two residues of Mac was reported to have no activity. To investigate the structure,activity relationship in detail, several analogs and related short peptides of Mac were synthesized. CD measurement showed that all the peptides took more or less an ,-helical structure in the presence of anionic lipid vesicles. Analogs which are more basic than Mac had strong antibacterial and hemolytic activities, while short peptides lacking one or two terminal residues exhibited weak or no activity. Outer and inner membrane permeabilization activities of the peptides were also reduced with shortening of the peptide chain. These results indicate that the entire chain length of Mac is necessary for full activity, and the basicity of the peptides greatly affects the activity. Copyright © 2004 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mass spectrometric study of peptides secreted by the skin glands of the brown frog Rana arvalis from the Moscow regionRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 9 2009T. Yu. A high-performance liquid chromatography nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (HPLC/nanoESI-FTMS) approach involving recording of collision-activated dissociation (CAD) and electron-capture dissociation (ECD) spectra of an intact sample and two its modifications after performic oxidation and reduction followed by carboxamidomethylation helps to establish peptide profiles in the crude secretion of frog species at mid-throughput level, including de novo sequencing. The proposed derivatization procedures allow increasing of the general sequence coverage in the backbone, providing complementary information and, what is more important, reveal the amino acid sequence in the cystine ring (,rana box'). Thus purely mass spectrometric efficient sequencing becomes possible for longer than usual proteolytic peptides. Seventeen peptides belonging to four known families were identified in the secretion of the European brown frog Rana arvalis inhabiting the Moscow region in Russia. Ranatuerins, considered previously a unique feature of the North American species, as well as a new melittin-related peptide, are worth special mention. The developed approach was previously successfully used for the identification of peptides in the skin secretion of the Caucasian green frog Rana ridibunda. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Histological Studies of Growing and Mature Antlers of Red Deer Stags (Cervus elaphus)ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 3 2009M. Cegielski Summary This study aims at presenting histology of growing and mature antlers in red deer stag (Cervus elaphus). Growing antlers constitute a model organ for examining regeneration processes of tissues because they are the only mammalian appendages capable of regeneration. Histological study revealed that the tip of a growing antler consists of hairy skin, perichondrium, mesenchyme and chondroprogenitors area. By performing immunochistochemistry, we found that cell expressing Ki-67 and PCNA antigens were localized in basal layer of epidermis, skin glands and beneath their secretory sections, mesenchyme as well as within and in the vicinity of central blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, cells from chondroprogenitors zone have chondroblast-like morphology and take part in producing of collagen fibres followed by the process of cartilage mineralization. However, mature antlers also consist of lamellar osseous tissue. [source] The absence of apoeccrine glands in the human axilla has disease pathogenetic implications, including axillary hyperhidrosisBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2007D.L. Bovell Summary Background, The existence of a third type of sweat gland in human axillary skin, the apoeccrine gland, with a capacity to produce much higher sweat output than the eccrine gland, was proposed from examination of microdissected glands. However, previous studies of axillary skin glands did not examine the entire individual glandular structure via serial sections and the markers used to identify the different glands gave conflicting results and, hence, the existence of the apoeccrine gland remains controversial. Objectives, To investigate human axillary sweat glands by serial section histology and immunofluorescence. Methods, Human axillary sweat glands were investigated by serial sectioning of paraffin wax-embedded skin samples taken by biopsy from four male and six female volunteers (age range 20,35 years). Sections were examined by light microscopy and immunofluorescence, using antibodies to antigens reported to be markers for discriminating between eccrine and apocrine gland cells: CD15, CD44, S100 and human milk fat globulin. Results, Light microscopy demonstrated that there were hair follicles and a mean ± SD of 76 ± 14 sweat glands cm,2. Eccrine and apocrine glands were found to be present; however, no glands resembling the apoeccrine glands were detected. Both types of sweat gland exhibited signs of being active, with segments of the secretory coils displaying flattened cells and dilated glandular lumina; however, this dilation did not extend to obvious changes in the width of the gland. None of the eccrine glands exhibited evidence of the presence of apocrine cells or vice versa. Immunofluorescence markers were found not to be specific and did not discriminate between the different types of glands or demonstrate the presence of apoeccrine glands. Conclusions, This is the first time that serial sections of axillary skin have been examined by histology and immunofluorescence. The markers reported to discriminate between apocrine and eccrine glands were found to be nonspecific. No evidence of apoeccrine glands was found either by histology or by immunofluorescence. [source] | |||||||||||||