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Skin Cancer Prevention (skin + cancer_prevention)
Selected AbstractsSkin Cancer Prevention in the Primary Care Setting: Assessment Using a Standardized PatientPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007M.P.H., Robin L. Hornung M.D. A secondary goal was to test the feasibility of this technique as a measure of actual physician behaviors in the outpatient setting. We used a convenience sample of 15 primary care physicians. The standardized patient was an 18-year-old woman with skin phototype I. She presented to physicians as needing a general physical examination for a summer lifeguard job at a beach. She stated a family history of skin cancer. Physician performances were rated using a standard checklist completed by the standardized patient following each visit. We found that none of the physicians asked questions specifically related to skin phototype or sun exposure habits such as childhood sunburns. Only 13% asked about mole changes. For counseling, 67% of physicians recommended sunscreen use; only 7% discussed sunscreen types or procedures for effective use. Only 13% counseled other skin protective behaviors. No significant differences by physician gender were found in these areas; however, female physicians counseled more global health behaviors than male physicians (p , 0.01). Our pilot data suggest that little skin cancer primary prevention counseling is performed for high-risk patients. The standardized patient technique worked well in obtaining outcome data for physicians' preventive practices. [source] The Importance of Skin Cancer Prevention in Organ Transplant Patients An Editorial to Paper by Salgo: ,Switch to Sirolimus in Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients: Reduced Premalignancies and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in a Controlled, Prospective, Randomized, Blinded Study'AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2010C. Mitchell Renal transplant patients should be managed by dermatologists to prevent and manage skin cancer, a common cause of morbidity and mortality in organ transplant patients. See article by Salgo et al on page 1385. [source] Strategies for skin cancer preventionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2004Robin B. Harris PhD First page of article [source] Grape seed proanthocyanidines and skin cancer prevention: Inhibition of oxidative stress and protection of immune systemMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue S1 2008Santosh K. Katiyar Abstract Overexposure of the skin to UV radiation has a variety of adverse effects on human health, including the development of skin cancers. There is a need to develop nutrition-based efficient chemopreventive strategies. The proanthocyanidins present in grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) have been shown to have some biological effects, including prevention of photocarcinogenesis. The present communication discusses the in vitro and in vivo studies of the possible protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) and the molecular mechanism for these effects. In SKH-1 hairless mice, dietary supplementation with GSPs is associated with a decrease of UVB-induced skin tumor development in terms of tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and a decrease in the malignant transformation of papillomas to carcinomas. It is suggested that the chemopreventive effects of dietary GSPs are mediated through the attenuation of UV-induced: (i) oxidative stress; (ii) activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-,B) signaling pathways; and (iii) immunosuppression through alterations in immunoregulatory cytokines. Collectively, these studies indicate protective potential of GSPs against experimental photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice, and the possible mechanisms of action of GSPs, and suggest that dietary GSPs could be useful in the attenuation of the adverse UV-induced health effects in human skin. [source] Sunburns, Sun Protection and Indoor Tanning Behaviors, and Attitudes Regarding Sun Protection Benefits and Tan Appeal among Parents of U.S. Adolescents,1998 Compared to 2004PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Priti Bandi M.S. Data were from the American Cancer Society Sun Surveys I and II, telephone-based random digit dialed cross-sectional surveys of U.S. adolescents and their parents conducted in the summers of 1998 and 2004. Between 1998 and 2004, use of sunscreen, wide-brimmed hats and composite use of three to five behaviors increased significantly; concurrently, indoor tanning use increased significantly and sunburn prevalence changed a little. In 2004, 47% reported summer sunburns and more than half of those received painful sunburns. Parents continued to report low compliance with recommended behaviors; sunscreen use was most frequently reported, but many followed inappropriate application practices. About 13% practiced indoor tanning in the past year. Parents reported high levels of positive attitudes toward sun protection benefit, but at the same time, significant proportions reported positive tan appeal and outdoor sun exposure attitudes. The low rates and mixed progress in safe ultraviolet radiation exposure behaviors demand more attention for primary skin cancer prevention among parents of adolescents that focuses on changing beliefs about tanning appeal and promotes comprehensive ultraviolet radiation exposure protection. [source] Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits Photocarcinogenesis Through Inhibition of Angiogenic Factors and Activation of CD8+ T Cells in TumorsPHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005Sudheer K. Mantena ABSTRACT There has been considerable interest in the use of botanical supplements to protect skin from the adverse effects of solar UV radiation, including photocarcinogenesis. We and others have shown that topical application of (,)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea prevents photocarcinogenesis in mice; however, the chemopreventive mechanism of EGCG in an in vivo tumor model is not clearly understood. In this study, UV-B-induced skin tumors with and without treatment of EGCG (,1 mg/cm2) and age-matched skin biopsies from SKH-1 hairless mice were used to identify potential molecular targets of skin cancer prevention by EGCG. These biopsies were analyzed for various biomarkers of angiogenesis and antitumor immune response using immunostaining, Western blotting and gelatinolytic zymography. We report that compared to non-EGCG-treated tumors, topical application of EGCG in UV-induced tumors resulted in inhibition of protein expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, which play crucial roles in tumor growth and metastasis. In contrast, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1), which inhibits MMP activity, was increased in tumors. With respect to the tumor vasculature, EGCG decreased the expression of CD31, a cell surface marker of vascular endothelial cells, and inhibited the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in tumors, which are essential for angiogenesis. EGCG inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen in UV-B-induced tumors as well. Additionally, higher numbers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) were detected in EGCG-treated tumors compared with non-EGCG-treated tumors. Together, these in vivo tumor data suggested that inhibition of photocarcinogenesis in mice by EGCG is associated with inhibition of angiogenic factors and induction of antitumor immune reactivity. [source] Comparison between seasons of the ultraviolet environment in the shade of trees in AustraliaPHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE, Issue 2 2001A. V. Parisi Background/Purpose: This paper has considered the erythemal UV (UVery), UVA and visible irradiances in the shade of Australian trees for each season at a sub-tropical southern hemisphere site. Methods: The irradiances in tree shade have been measured with radiometers as a percentage of the irradiances in the sun for each season of the year. Results: Although the solar irradiances are lower in winter, the percentages of the UV in tree shade compared to the UV in full sun are marginally higher (by up to 7%) in the winter compared to summer. The range of percentages for UVery was up to double that of the percentages of the visible waveband. The percentages for UVery were also higher than for the UVA waveband. The percentages of the irradiances in the tree shade compared to full sun are 8,14% lower at noon compared to the morning and afternoon for the UVery waveband. The ratio of UVA to UVery is lower in the tree shade compared to the full sun. Conclusions: The UVA to UVery ratio is expected to be even lower in the tree shade as a result of ozone depletion. This, combined with the visible irradiances in the tree shade not being a reliable indication of the biologically damaging UV irradiances, has consequences for public health and skin cancer prevention. [source] ,-MSH tripeptide analogs activate the melanocortin 1 receptor and reduce UV-induced DNA damage in human melanocytesPIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009Zalfa A. Abdel-Malek Summary One skin cancer prevention strategy that we are developing is based on synthesizing and testing melanocortin analogs that reduce and repair DNA damage resulting from exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, in addition to stimulating pigmentation. Previously, we reported the effects of tetrapeptide analogs of ,-melanocortin (,-MSH) that were more potent and stable than the physiological ,-MSH, and mimicked its photoprotective effects against UV-induced DNA damage in human melanocytes. Here, we report on a panel of tripeptide analogs consisting of a modified ,-MSH core His6 - d -Phe7 -Arg8, which contained different N -capping groups, C-terminal modifications, or arginine mimics. The most potent tripeptides in activating cAMP formation and tyrosinase of human melanocytes were three analogs with C-terminal modifications. The most effective C-terminal tripeptide mimicked ,-MSH in reducing hydrogen peroxide generation and enhancing nucleotide excision repair following UV irradiation. The effects of these three analogs required functional MC1R, as they were absent in human melanocytes that expressed non-functional receptor. These results demonstrate activation of the MC1R by tripeptide melanocortin analogs. Designing small analogs for topical delivery should prove practical and efficacious for skin cancer prevention. [source] | |||||||||||||