Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Site Decreased (site + decreased)
Selected AbstractsPressure,pain threshold of oral mucosa and its region-specific modulation by pre-loadingJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2003T. Ogawa summary Once subjected to denture wearing, oral mucosa has to withstand mechanical loads of various levels and durations. However, how this load affects oral mucosal sensitivity is unknown. This study investigated the pressure,pain threshold (PPT) of oral mucosa with or without pre-loading. An electric pressure algometer was developed specifically for measuring the PPT of oral mucosa. Measurements of 10 dentulous maxillae showed that the baseline PPT (BPPT) of the palatal site was 4·9- and 3·7-fold greater than that of the labial or buccal sites, respectively. The PPT of the labial site decreased significantly compared with its BPPT after 2 s,100% BPPT and 5 s,100% BPPT pre-loading. The PPT of the palatal site increased after 5 s,50% BPPT and 5 s,80% BPPT and 0·2 s,100% BPPT and 2 s,100% BPPT pre-loading. The PPT of the buccal site did not change after all levels and durations of pre-loadings tested. These results indicated the disproportionate modulation of oral mucosal PPT following various loads, suggesting that oral mucosa possesses region-specific psychophysical tolerance to mechanical stimuli. [source] Geographical and interannual variability in biomass partitioning in grassland ecosystems: a synthesis of field dataNEW PHYTOLOGIST, Issue 1 2006Dafeng Hui Summary ,,Biomass partitioning is an important variable in terrestrial ecosystem carbon modeling. However, geographical and interannual variability in fBNPP, defined as the fraction of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) to total NPP, and its relationship with climatic variables, have not been explored. ,,Here we addressed these issues by synthesizing 94 site-year field biomass data at 12 grassland sites around the world from a global NPP database and from the literature. ,,Results showed that fBNPP varied from 0.40 to 0.86 across 12 sites. In general, savanna and humid savanna ecosystems had smaller fBNPP but larger interannual variability in fBNPP, and cold desert steppes had larger fBNPP but smaller interannual variability. While mean fBNPP at a site decreased significantly with increasing mean annual temperature and precipitation across sites, no consistent temporal response of fBNPP with annual temperature and precipitation was found within sites. ,,Based on these results, both geographical variability in fBNPP and the divergent responses of fBNPP with climatic variables at geographical and temporal scales should be considered in global C modeling. [source] Sediment Loss from a Waste Rock Dump, ERA Ranger Mine, Northern AustraliaGEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2001Michael J. Saynor During the 1994/95 wet season, runoff, suspended load and bedload loss from large scale erosion plots under natural rainfall events were measured at three sites with different treatments on the Energy Resources of Australia Ranger waste rock dump (cap, soil, fire). The fire site has well established trees, the soil site smaller shrubs and the cap site minimal vegetation. All three sites are located on the flat areas of the waste rock dump with similar slopes and cap, fire and soil are local names for the sites. The quantity of bedload eroded from the soil and fire sites decreased during the monitoring period, however, the same trend was not observed on the cap site. Bedload loss from the fire and soil sites is significantly log-linear with time and reduces at a decreasing rate until becoming statistically constant toward the later part of the first half of the wet season. For corresponding storms at each site, bedload erosion was highest from the unvegetated and unripped cap site and lowest from the well vegetated fire site. Site specific linear relationships between bedload and total sediment load have been derived and can be used to derive total sediment load in the absence of measured suspended load. [source] Tongue and tonsil carcinomaCANCER, Issue 9 200544 years, Increasing trends in the U.S. population ages 20 Abstract BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of oral carcinoma among young adults has been reported in the U.S. and Europe. Although the association between human papillomavirus infection and tonsillar carcinoma is now well established, to the authors' knowledge little is known about incidence trends in tonsillar carcinoma among younger adults. The objective of the current study was to explore the trends in both oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in younger U.S. populations, in particular tongue and tonsillar SCC. METHODS Using the 1973,2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age, race, and site-specific trends of oral and pharyngeal (excluding nasopharynx) carcinoma incidence rates. The percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were computed to explore trends in incidence rates over time. RESULTS There were 2262 SCC of the oral cavity and 1251 SCC of the pharynx reported to the SEER program from 1973 to 2001 in adults aged 20,44 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of oral tongue SCC (APC = +2.1; P < 0.001), base of tongue SCC (APC = +1.7; P = 0.04), and palatine tonsil SCC (APC = +3.9; P < 0.001) among younger white individuals, whereas the incidence of SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites decreased or remained constant. CONCLUSIONS The increase in tonsil SCC incidence from 1973 to 2001 paralleled the increase in tongue SCC, whereas SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites remained constant or decreased. This may suggest similar etiologic factors for SCC affecting the palatine tonsils and tongue in younger populations. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||