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Simple Protocol (simple + protocol)
Selected AbstractsSimple Protocol for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Using SnCl2×2H2O,LiCl as an Inexpensive Catalyst System.CHEMINFORM, Issue 40 2004M. Shailaja No abstract is available for this article. [source] MR imaging for the longevity of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with poly- L -lysine,Resovist complexesCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 2 2010Gang Liu Abstract Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are emerging as ideal probes for noninvasive cell tracking. In this study, poly- L -lysine (PLL) was mixed with Resovist to form the PLL,Resovist complexes and the control of the complexes formed by PLL and Resovist and their subsequent properties was easily achievable. MSCs could be safely and efficiently labeled for MR imaging using PLL,Resovist complexes (w/w 0.01:1) and the labeled MSCs could be detected to have definite decreased signal intensity on T2 -weight imaging until 20 days with standard 1.5,T MR equipment. This study describes a simple protocol to label MSCs using PLL,Resovist complexes and the results presented in our study can provide a basis for the application of PLL,Resovist complexes cell labeling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Proteomic analysis of rat brain tissue: Comparison of protocols for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis based on different solubilizing agentsELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 24 2002Lucia Carboni Abstract The present study reports a comparison of recently described solubilizing methods, to set up a simple protocol for obtaining two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis maps of brain tissue. Different protocols were used for preparing rat brain homogenates and the resulting maps were compared by image analysis. Three different detergents, two delipidation methods, and introduction of a fractionation step based on different protein solubility in surfactants, were evaluated. When using efficient zwitterionic detergents (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propanesulfonate, CHAPS; amidosulfobetaine 14, ASB-14), the patterns obtained by direct loading of total extracts were qualitatively overlapping with patterns obtained from fractionated samples. In contrast, a weaker nonionic agent (Nonidet P-40, NP-40) produced a different protein pattern in the collected fractions. Delipidation did not improve the results for all the different extraction methods. Immunoblots performed with antibodies recognizing cytosolic and membrane-spanning proteins, which were detected as nondegraded spots, showed that membrane proteins with intermediate molecular mass could be recovered. We suggest, as a simple and efficient method for preparing rat brain maps, the homogenization in a solution containing an efficient zwitterionic surfactant, which allows to solubilize cytosolic and membrane proteins in a single step. Alternatively, a fractionation can be carried out on samples homogenized by a weak solubilizing agent, a more labor-intensive effort resulting in a larger number of proteins on two maps. [source] Comparison of calibration methods for the reconstruction of space-time rainfall fields during a rain enhancement experiment in Southern ItalyENVIRONMETRICS, Issue 7 2009Arianna Orasi Abstract The role of rainfall raingauge observations in calibration of radar derived rainfall estimates is investigated. The final goal is the reconstruction of the rainfall fields over the observed area using both information during a rainfall enhancement experiment. Furthermore, we propose a simple protocol to assess the experiment efficacy. A space-time approach and the use of kriging with external drift are applied and compared. Results are again compared with those one obtained through an ordinary kriging (OK). Data come from a dense raingauge network and a weather radar installed in 1992 for the evaluation of a rain enhancement experiment carried out in Southern Italy. In this paper we report detailed results from one seeding operation carried out on 11 April 1992. The procedure to assess the efficacy of rain enhancement experiment is illustrated for 11 seeding operations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Long-Range-Ordered, Molecular-Induced Nanofaceting,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 21 2006M. Fanetti Ordered molecular nanostructured films (see figure) are obtained by exploiting the molecular-induced substrate faceting transition, following a very simple protocol. The obtained nanostructures show univocal alignment and quite good homogeneity, and the pattern periodicity can be controlled in the process. The stepped structure of the vicinal metallic substrate has a key role in the film production mechanism. [source] An Inexpensive and Efficient Copper Catalyst for N -Arylation of Amines, Amides and Nitrogen-Containing HeterocyclesADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 15 2006Xun Guo Abstract An inexpensive and efficient catalyst system has been developed for the N -arylation of nitrogen-containing compounds including a variety of amines, amides, indole and imidazole. This simple protocol uses CuI as the catalyst, commercial available pipecolinic acid as the new ligand, K2CO3 as the base and DMF as the solvent. [source] Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of Polyaniline-Supported Metal ComplexesADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 12-13 2006Boyapati Abstract Polyaniline-supported Sc, In, Pd, Os and Re catalysts were prepared by using a simple protocol and the thus prepared catalysts were well characterized using FTIR, XPS, UV-Vis/DRS, TGA-DTA. All the catalysts were successfully employed in a wide range of organic transformations such as cyanation and allylation of carbonyl compound, Suzuki coupling of aryl halides and boronic acids, and, most importantly, in asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins to afford optically active vicinal diols. All the catalysts were separated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and reused with consistent activity for five cycles without noticeable leaching of metal from the support. [source] A simple technique to convert sitting-drop vapor diffusion into hanging-drop vapor diffusion by solidifying the reservoir solution with agaroseJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2009Tae Woong Whon A simple protocol to convert sitting-drop vapor-diffusion plating into a hanging-drop vapor-diffusion experiment in protein crystallization is reported. After making a sitting-drop plate, agarose solution was added to solidify the reservoir solution, and the plates were incubated upside down. Crystallization experiments with hen egg white lysozyme, thaumatin and glucose isomerase showed that the `upside-down sitting-drop' method could produce single crystals with all the benefits of the hanging-drop crystallization method. [source] Copper-catalyzed alkyne cycloaddition on electron deficient azides via tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidinesJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2010Linda I. Nilsson Tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines are capable of serving as masked azides in copper-catalyzed Huisgen cyclization with a variety of terminal alkynes, providing a simple protocol for the generation of novel 4,-substituted 2-(1,,2,,3,-triazol-1,-yl)pyrimidines. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010). [source] A simple protocol for paraffin-embedded myelin sheath staining with osmium tetroxide for light microscope observationMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 7 2008Federica Di Scipio Abstract Experimental investigation of peripheral nerve fiber regeneration is attracting more and more attention among both basic and clinical researchers. Assessment of myelinated nerve fiber morphology is a pillar of peripheral nerve regeneration research. The gold standard for light microscopic imaging of myelinated nerve fibers is toluidine blue staining of resin-embedded semithin sections. However, many researchers are unaware that the dark staining of myelin sheaths typically produced by this procedure is due to osmium tetroxide postfixation and not due to toluidine blue. In this article, we describe a simple pre-embedding protocol for staining myelin sheaths in paraffin-embedded nerve specimens using osmium tetroxide. The method involves immersing the specimen in 2% osmium tetroxide for 2 h after paraformaldeyde fixation, followed by routine dehydration and paraffin embedding. Sections can then be observed directly under the microscope or counterstained using routine histological methods. Particularly good results were obtained with Masson's trichrome counterstain, which permits the imaging of connective structures in nerves that are not detectable in toluidine blue-stained resin sections. Finally, we describe a simple protocol for osmium etching of sections, which makes further immunohistochemical analysis possible on the same specimens. Taken together, our results suggest that the protocol described in this article is a valid alternative to the conventional resin embedding-based protocol: it is much cheaper, can be adopted by any histological laboratory, and allows immunohistochemical analysis to be conducted. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Serum protein profiling by miniaturized solid-phase extraction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 12 2005Anne K. Callesen Serum profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) holds promise as a clinical tool for early diagnosis of cancer and other human diseases. Sample preparation is key to achieving reproducible and well-resolved signals in MALDI-MS; a prerequisite for translation of MALDI-MS based diagnostic methods to clinical applications. We have investigated a number of MALDI matrices and several miniaturized solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods for serum protein concentration and desalting with the aim of generating reproducible, high-quality protein profiles by MALDI-MS. We developed a simple protocol for serum profiling that combines a matrix mixture of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and , -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid with miniaturized SPE and MALDI-MS. Functionalized membrane discs with hydrophobic, ion-exchange or chelating properties allowed reproducible MALDI mass spectra (m/z 1000,12,000) to be obtained from serum. In a proof-of-principle application, SPE with chelating material and MALDI-MS identified protein peaks in serum that had been previously reported for distinguishing a person diagnosed with breast cancer from a control. These preliminary results indicate that this simple SPE/MALDI-MS method for serum profiling provides a versatile and scalable platform for clinical proteomics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Emerging uses of SIP in service provider networksBELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003Guy J. Zenner The session initiation protocol (SIP) has emerged as a viable protocol for providing numerous services within today's networks. SIP was closely modeled after http to make it an easily extensible protocol that could provide connectivity in new converged Internet protocol (IP) networks. The inherent extensibility of SIP has allowed SIP to be used in many ways not envisioned by its creators. What started as a simple protocol for setting up a media stream between two endpoints has since found numerous seemingly unrelated uses. With many solutions using SIP being proposed and implemented, it is often hard to determine how best to use SIP for a particular solution. The purpose of this paper is to give the reader a framework for categorizing various SIP capabilities through the concept of usage models and to help the reader understand the various ways SIP can be used in both evolutionary and revolutionary ways in real-world networks. This paper assumes the reader has a basic understanding of SIP and its inner workings. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc. [source] A low-molecular mass ribonuclease from the brown oyster mushroomCHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN, Issue 1 2005L. Xia Abstract:, A ribonuclease, with a molecular mass of 9 kDa and an N-terminal sequence resembling the sequence of a fragment of tRNA/rRNA cytosine-C5-methylase and a fragment of a alanyl-tRNA synthetase, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the brown oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. The ribonuclease was purified using a very simple protocol that comprised ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose and affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel. Subsequent gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the ribonuclease was purified after the first two chromatographic steps. The ribonuclease was adsorbed on CM-cellulose and Affi-gel blue gel. The ribonuclease exhibited the highest activity toward poly A, lower activity toward poly C, slight activity toward poly G, and indiscernible activity toward poly U. The enzyme was stimulated upon exposure to 1 ,m Mg2+ and 10 ,m Zn2+, but was inhibited by the following ions at 10 mm: Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+. The ribonuclease required a pH of 8.0 and a temperature of 50,70 °C to express maximal activity. It had a Km of 60 ,m toward yeast tRNA. It lacked mitogenic and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibiting activities, but exerted antiproliferative activity toward leukemia L1210 cells. [source] Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aqueous Pauson,Khand-Type ReactionCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 13 2005Fuk Yee Kwong Dr. Abstract An interesting rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric aqueous Pauson,Khand-type reaction was developed. A chiral atropisomeric dipyridyldiphosphane ligand was found to be highly effective in this system. This operationally simple protocol allows both catalyst and reactants to be handled under air without precautions. Various enynes were transformed to the corresponding bicyclic cyclopentenones in good yield and enantiomeric excess (up to 95,% ee). A study of the electronic effects of the enyne substrates revealed a correlation between the electronic properties of the substrates and the ee value obtained in the product of the Pauson,Khand-type reaction. A linear free-energy relationship was observed from a Hammett study. [source] Short-term cold storage of blowfly Lucilia sericata embryosINSECT SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Bo Zhang Abstract The developmental rate under low temperatures and cold tolerance were investigated in embryos of the blowfly Lucilia sericata. The larvae of this species are now widely used in maggot debridement therapy. Embryonic development was dependent on temperature, with a lower developmental threshold of 9.0 °C. The duration of the egg stage at a rearing temperature of 25 °C was 14 h, and a low temperature of 12.5 °C successfully prolonged this period to 66 h. Embryonic stages differed markedly in their cold tolerance; young embryos were less tolerant to cold than old ones. Late embryonic stages are suitable for cold storage at 5 °C and the storage for 72 h did not decrease the hatching rate by more than 50%. In the mass-rearing process required for maggot debridement therapy, either of these two simple protocols would be beneficial. [source] 1341: English scientific writing made easyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010BE DAMATO Purpose The publication of scientific results may be delayed or abandoned because the authors are unable to write English adequately. The aims of this presentation are to highlight some of the most common grammatical errors and how these might be avoided. Methods Scientific writing is widely regarded as an art, but can equally be considered as a skill, which can be gained by following some simple rules. Results By following simple protocols, it should be possible to write a scientific article in English more easily. Conclusion The aspiring scientific author should invest time learning basic rules so as to publish research results more efficiently. [source] | ||||||||||||||||