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Significant Set (significant + set)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

Organizational level as a moderator of the relationship between justice perceptions and work-related reactions

JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 6 2006
Thomas M. Begley
In this study, we examined the role of organizational level as a moderator of the relationships of procedural and distributive justice with seven employee attitudes and behaviors. Based on social identity and resource allocation theories, we suggested an allocational model of authority in organizations. We posited that lower rank encourages a more process-oriented perspective that emphasizes procedural concerns while higher rank imbues a more result-oriented perspective that emphasizes distributive outcomes. We considered the cultural context that characterized work relationships in our sample of respondents from a Chinese state-owned enterprise. Significant sets of interactions supported the predicted relationships of procedural justice with three outcomes at lower levels and distributive justice with four outcomes at higher levels. Implications and extensions of these findings are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Prediction of extraprostatic extension by prostate specific antigen velocity, endorectal MRI, and biopsy Gleason score in clinically localized prostate cancer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 6 2008
Koshiro Nishimoto
Objectives: To investigate the clinical value of prostate specific antigen velocity (PSAV) in predicting the extraprostatic extension of clinically localized prostate cancer. Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer were included in the analysis. The correlation between preoperative parameters, including PSA-based parameters, clinical stage, and histological biopsy findings, and the pathological findings were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify a significant set of independent predictors for the local extent of the disease. Results: Sixty-four (60.2%) patients had organ confined prostate cancer and 39 (39.8%) patients had extraprostatic cancer. The biopsy Gleason score, PSA, PSA density, PSA density of the transition zone, and PSAV were significantly higher in the patients with extraprostatic cancer than in those with organ confined cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the biopsy Gleason score, endorectal magnetic resonance imaging findings, and PSAV were significant predictors of extraprostatic cancer (P < 0.01). Probability curves for extraprostatic cancer were generated using these three preoperative parameters. Conclusions: The combination of PSAV, endorectal magnetic resonance imaging findings, and biopsy Gleason score can provide additional information for selecting appropriate candidates for radical prostatectomy. [source]

Student views on the effective teaching of physical examination skills: a qualitative study

MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2009
Merel J C Martens
Objectives, The lack of published studies into effective skills teaching in clinical skills centres inspired this study of student views of the teaching behaviours of skills teachers. Methods, We organised focus group discussions with students from Years 1,3 of a 6-year undergraduate medical curriculum. A total of 30 randomly selected students, divided into three groups, took part in two sessions. They discussed what teaching skills helped them to acquire physical examination skills. Results, Students' opinions related to didactic skills, interpersonal and communication skills and preconditions. Students appreciated didactic skills that stimulate deep and active learning. Another significant set of findings referred to teachers' attitudes towards students. Students wanted teachers to be considerate and to take them seriously. This was reflected in student descriptions of positive behaviours, such as: ,responding to students' questions'; ,not exposing students' weaknesses in front of the group', and ,[not] putting students in an embarrassing position in skill demonstrations'. They also appreciated enthusiasm in teachers. Important preconditions included: the integration of skills training with basic science teaching; linking of skills training to clinical practice; the presence of clear goals and well-structured sessions; good time management; consistency of teaching, and the appropriate personal appearance of teachers and students. Conclusions, The teaching skills and behaviours that most facilitate student acquisition of physical examination skills are interpersonal and communication skills, followed by a number of didactic interventions, embedded in several preconditions. Findings related to interpersonal and communication skills are comparable with findings pertaining to the teaching roles of tutors and clinical teachers; however, the didactic skills merit separate attention as teaching skills for use in skills laboratories. The results of this study should be complemented by a study performed in a larger population and a study exploring teachers' views. [source]

Prediction of extraprostatic cancer by prostate specific antigen density, endorectal MRI, and biopsy Gleason score in clinically localized prostate cancer

THE PROSTATE, Issue 1 2003
Akio Horiguchi
Abstract Backgrounds The present study was designed to identify the preoperative parameters, including PSA-based parameters, and endorectal MRI, predictive of pathological stage in males who underwent radical prostatectomy. Methods We studied 114 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Clinical stage was assessed by DRE, pelvic CT scan, endorectal MRI, and bone scan. The correlation between the preoperative parameters, including PSA-based parameters, clinical stage, and histological findings of biopsy specimens, and the pathological stage was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify a significant set of independent predictors for local extent of disease. Results Seventy-six (66.6%) patients had organ confined cancer and 38 (33.4%) patients had extraprostatic cancer. Of the 38 patients with extraprostatic cancer, four had seminal vesicle involvement, while, none had pelvic lymph node involvement. Biopsy Gleason score, PSA, PSA-,1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT), PSA-density (PSAD), PSA-transition zone density, PSA-ACT density, and PSA-ACT transition zone (TZ) density were significantly higher and percent free PSA was lower in the patients with organ confined cancer than those with extraprostatic cancer (P,<,0.01). PSAD showed the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) among those parameters (AUC,=,0.732). Sixty-eight (74.7%) of 91 patients with T2 on endorectal MRI had organ confined cancer, while 15 (65.2%) of 23 patients with T3 had extraprostatic cancer (P,<,0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Gleason score (,7 vs. ,6), endorectal MRI findings, and PSAD were significant predictors of extraprostatic cancer (P,<,0.01). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that preoperative PSAD was the most valuable predictor among PSA-based parameters for extraprostatic disease in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The combination of PSAD, endorectal MRI findings, and biopsy Gleason score can provide additional information for selecting appropriate candidates for radical prostatectomy. Prostate 56: 23,29, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]