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Significant Mediator (significant + mediator)
Selected AbstractsEducation and Social Mobility in Postwar Japan: Trends and Some Institutional AspectsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Hiroyuki Kondo Abstract, This paper examines the trend in social mobility in postwar Japan, especially focusing on the mediating role of education. The data set is derived from the SSM (Social Stratification and Social Mobility) surveys. Applying log-linear models to the data of five periods, we analyze the trend of the relationship among origin, education, and destination. Occupations are classified according to type of job, and son's first job is used for the analysis. The result reveals that the unmediating transmission of position has declined, and education is becoming a more significant mediator between origin and destination. These changes proceed in the form of reduction in the random sphere of ,movers' as well as replacement of ,stayers' with ,movers'. However, the association between origin and destination has hardly changed for several decades. This stablity results from the inequality in educational resources available to families and the specificities, not universality, of relations surviving into the higher level of education. [source] Exploring the role of goal theory in understanding training motivationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2008Rebecca Smith A model to test conceptions from goal theory within an existing framework of training motivation was developed and tested with employees participating in training in a non-profit organization. It was hypothesized that goal orientation ('distal factors') along with self-efficacy, expectancy and valence (,proximal factors') would predict goal intentions as well as training outcomes such as affective responses to training, perceptions of training utility and intention to transfer or use the training provided. Results revealed that goal orientation predicted a significant proportion of variance in the proximal antecedents (valence (33 per cent), expectancy (39 per cent) and self-efficacy (31 per cent)) whereas the proximal antecedents explained 43 per cent of the variance in goal intentions. In turn, goal intentions were related to training outcomes (affect (b = 0.7), utility (b = 0.6) and transfer intention (b = 0.5)). Goal intentions mediated the relationship between proximal antecedents and training outcomes, providing evidence that goal intentions play a pivotal role in the causal path from proximal factors to training outcomes. Valence alone was found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between goal orientation and goal intentions. [source] The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behavioursJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2010STEPHANIE GILBERT MSc gilbert s., laschinger h.k.s. &leiter m (2010) Journal of Nursing Management18, 339,348 The mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between structural empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviours Aim, We used Kanter's (1977) structural empowerment theory to examine the influence of structural empowerment and emotional exhaustion on healthcare professionals' use of organizational citizenship behaviours directed at the organization (OCBO) and peers (OCBI). Background, Organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) are discretionary behaviours that are not rewarded directly by the organization but have been linked to positive outcomes, such as increased job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions. Promoting OCB can help employees and organizations flourish despite current challenges in the healthcare system. Structural empowerment may influence the frequency and type of OCB by reducing burnout. Method, We conducted multiple mediated regression analyses to test two hypothesized models about relationships between empowerment, emotional exhaustion and two types of OCB (OCBI and OCBO) in a sample of 897 healthcare professionals in five Canadian hospitals. Results, Emotional exhaustion was found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between empowerment and OCBO. The predicted mediation of the empowerment/OCBI relationship by emotional exhaustion was not supported. Conclusions, Exhaustion was an important mediator of empowering working conditions and OCBO, but was not significantly related to OCBI. Empowerment was significantly related to both OCBO and OCBI. Implications for nursing management, Promoting empowerment among healthcare workers may decrease burnout and promote OCB. Specific managerial strategies are discussed in the present study. [source] Suicide risk factors and mediators between childhood sexual abuse and suicide ideation among male and female suicide attempters,JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 5 2009Megan Spokas The current study examined the manner in which childhood sexual abuse (CSA) history relates to risk factors for suicidal behavior among recent suicide attempters (n = 166). Men who recently attempted suicide and endorsed a CSA history had higher scores on measures of hopelessness and suicide ideation than men without a CSA history. Men with a CSA history were also more likely to have made multiple suicide attempts and meet diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. In contrast, there were fewer group differences as a function of CSA history among the female suicide attempters. Hopelessness was a significant mediator between CSA history and suicide ideation in both men and women. [source] Expression and function of CXCL16 in a novel model of goutARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2010Jeffrey H. Ruth Objective To better define the activity of soluble CXCL16 in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in vivo, utilizing a novel animal model of gout involving engraftment of SCID mice with normal human synovial tissue (ST) injected intragraft with gouty human synovial fluid (SF). Methods For in vitro studies, a modified Boyden chemotaxis system was used to identify CXCL16 as an active recruitment factor for PMNs in gouty SF. Migration of PMNs could be reduced by neutralization of CXCL16 activity in gouty SF. For in vivo analyses, fluorescent dye,tagged PMNs were injected intravenously into SCID mice while, simultaneously, diluted gouty SF containing CXCL16, or depleted of CXCL16 by antibody blocking, was administered intragraft. In addition, the receptor for CXCL16, CXCR6, was inhibited by incubating PMNs with a neutralizing anti-CXCR6 antibody prior to injection into the mouse chimeras. Recruitment of PMNs to the gouty SF,injected normal human ST was then examined in this SCID mouse chimera system. Results CXCL16 concentrations were highly elevated in gouty SF, and PMNs were observed to migrate in response to CXCL16 in vitro. Normal human ST,SCID mouse chimeras injected intragraft with gouty SF that had been depleted of CXCL16 during PMN transfer showed a significant reduction of 50% in PMN recruitment to engrafted tissue as compared with that after administration of sham-depleted gouty SF. Similar findings were achieved when PMNs were incubated with a neutralizing anti-CXCR6 antibody before injection into chimeras. Conclusion Overall, the results of this study outline the effectiveness of the human,SCID mouse chimera system as a viable animal model of gout, serving to identify the primary function of CXCL16 as a significant mediator of in vivo recruitment of PMNs to gouty SF. [source] A preliminary examination of emotional and cognitive mediators in the relations between violence exposure and violent behaviors in youthJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2008Maureen A. Allwood This study examined the possible mediational roles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and acceptance of violence cognitions in the association between violence exposure and youth violent behaviors. This study also examined whether the strength of the relations between exposure and behavior varied across context of exposure and across sex. Participants were 123 early adolescents from the Midwest. Findings indicate a strong positive association between violence exposure at home and in the community. Regardless of context, violence exposure was significantly related to PTSD symptoms, acceptance of violence cognitions, and violent behaviors in youth. PTSD symptoms and acceptance of violence cognitions were both significant mediators in the exposure,behavior relationship but the associations differed for girls and boys and varied across context of exposure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Success in Global New Product Development: Impact of Strategy and the Behavioral Environment of the FirmTHE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2010Ulrike De Brentani Product innovation and the trend toward globalization are two important dimensions driving business today, and a firm's global new product development (NPD) strategy is a primary determinant of performance. Succeeding in this competitive and complex market arena calls for corporate resources and strategies by which firms can effectively tackle the challenges and opportunities associated with international NPD. Based on the resource-based view (RBV) and the entrepreneurial strategic posture (ESP) literature, the present study develops and tests a model that emphasizes the resources of the firm as primary determinants of competitive advantage and, thus, of superior performance through the strategic initiatives that these enable. In the study, global NPD programs are assessed in terms of three dimensions: (1) the organizational resources or behavioral environment of the firm relevant for international NPD,specifically, the global innovation culture of the firm and senior management involvement in the global NPD effort; (2) the global NPD strategies (i.e., global presence strategy and global product harmonization strategy) chosen for expanding and exploiting opportunities in international markets; and (3) global NPD program performance in terms of shorter- and longer-term outcome measures. These are modeled in antecedent terms, where the impact of the resources on performance is mediated by the NPD strategy of the firm. Based on data from 432 corporate global new product programs (North America and Europe, business-to-business, services and goods), a structural model testing for the hypothesized mediation effects was substantially supported. Specifically, having an organizational posture that, at once, values innovation plus globalization, as well as a senior management that is active in and supports the international NPD effort leads to strategic choices that are focused on making the firm truly global in terms of both market coverage and product offering. Further, the two strategies,global presence and global product harmonization,were found to be significant mediators of the firm's behavioral environment in terms of impact on performance of global NPD programs. [source] School,Based Early Intervention and Later Child Maltreatment in the Chicago Longitudinal StudyCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2003Arthur J. Reynolds Investigated were the effects of participation in the Title I Child,Parent Centers (CPC) on substantiated reports of child maltreatment for 1,408 children (93% of whom are African American) in the Chicago Longitudinal Study. The CPCs provide child education and family support services in high,poverty areas. After adjusting for preprogram maltreatment and background factors, 913 preschool participants had significantly lower rates of court petitions of maltreatment by age 17 than 495 children of the same age who participated in alternative kindergarten interventions (5.0% vs. 10.5%, a 52% reduction). Participation for 4 to 6 years was significantly associated with lower rates of maltreatment (3.6% vs. 6.9%, a 33% reduction). Findings based on child protective service records (as well as combined protective service and court records) were similar. Preschool length, family risk, and school poverty were associated with lower rates of maltreatment. Parental involvement in school and school mobility were significant mediators of intervention effects. [source] | ||||||||||||||||