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Significant Mean Differences (significant + mean_difference)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	40%

Selected Abstracts

Entrepreneurial Job Characteristics: An Examination of Their Effect on Entrepreneurial Satisfaction1

ENTREPRENEURSHIP THEORY AND PRACTICE, Issue 3 2009
Leon Schjoedt
The present study examined the effect of four core job characteristics on job satisfaction for entrepreneurs and a comparison group of nonfounding top managers. Significant mean differences were found between the entrepreneurs and nonfounding top managers on job satisfaction and all four job characteristics. Moreover, the results showed similar patterns of significant associations between the job characteristics and job satisfaction for the entrepreneurs and nonfounding top managers. Yet, the regression lines were found to be significantly different. Lastly, the results showed the following job characteristics were significant predictors of entrepreneurial job satisfaction: autonomy, variety, and feedback. [source]

Preventing depression: a randomized trial of interpersonal psychotherapy-adolescent skills training,

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 5 2010
Jami F. Young Ph.D.
Abstract Background: The study evaluated the efficacy of an indicated prevention program for adolescent depression. Methods: Fifty-seven adolescents with elevated depression symptoms were randomized to receive Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) or school counseling (SC). Hierarchical linear modeling examined differences in rates of change in depression symptoms and overall functioning and analysis of covariance examined mean differences between groups. Rates of depression diagnoses in the 18-month follow-up period were compared. Results: Adolescents in IPT-AST reported significantly greater rates of change in depression symptoms and overall functioning than SC adolescents from baseline to post-intervention. At post-intervention, IPT-AST adolescents reported significantly fewer depression symptoms and better overall functioning. During the follow-up phase, rates of change slowed for the IPT-AST adolescents, whereas the SC adolescents continued to show improvements. By 12-month follow-up, there were no significant mean differences in depression symptoms or overall functioning between the two groups. IPT-AST adolescents reported significantly fewer depression diagnoses in the first 6 months following the intervention but by 12-month follow-up the difference in rates of diagnoses was no longer significant. Conclusions: IPT-AST leads to an immediate reduction in depression symptoms and improvement in overall functioning. However, the benefits of IPT-AST are not consistent beyond the 6-month follow-up, suggesting that the preventive effects of the program in its current format are limited. Future studies are needed to examine whether booster sessions lengthen the long-term effects of IPT-AST. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Lack of seasonal variation in eating attitudes and behaviours among female college students

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 2 2005
Melissa A. Munn
Abstract Objective Previous studies have found a season of birth effect for women with eating disorders. However, findings regarding the two types of season of birth (i.e. month of birth and temperature at conception) have been conflicting, and few studies have examined relationships between season of birth and general disordered eating in non-clinical populations. The present study sought to examine this relationship more closely by investigating both month of birth and temperature at conception in undergraduate women. Method Subjects included 427 undergraduate females from a large university in the United States. Disordered eating in the areas of body dissatisfaction, compensatory behaviour, binge eating and weight preoccupation was assessed with the Minnesota Eating Behaviors Survey (MEBS). Results No significant mean differences in MEBS scores were found between those individuals born in the first versus second half of the year. Furthermore, no significant associations were found between disordered eating and temperature at conception. Discussion Our findings suggest that disordered eating symptoms do not show a season of birth effect. Discrepancies between these findings and those for clinical samples suggest the possible presence of different aetiological mechanisms for general eating symptoms versus clinical eating disorders. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

Do national levels of individualism and internal locus of control relate to well-being: an ecological level international study

JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 8 2001
Paul E. Spector
Data were collected from managers in 24 nations/territories on work locus of control (LOC), individualism,collectivism (I,C), and well-being (job satisfaction, absence of psychological strain, and absence of physical strain). There were significant mean differences across samples on all five of these measures, and consistent with our hypothesis, at the ecological or sample mean level well-being was associated with an internal locus of control. However, contrary to our hypothesis, well-being was not associated with I,C, despite a strong correlation between I,C and LOC. Findings at the ecological level were consistent with the literature concerning the salutary effects of control on well-being. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Perfectionism and depressive symptoms in early adolescence

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 2 2007
Kenneth G. Rice
The Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale (AMPS; K.G. Rice & K.J. Preusser, 2002) was developed on samples of 9- to 11-year-old children. A primary purpose of the current research was to examine whether the AMPS could be useful in studies of adolescents, and in particular, studies of adolescent depression. This study of 145 early adolescents revealed (1) a somewhat different AMPS factor structure than has been evident in studies of younger children; (2) no significant mean differences between boys and girls on perfectionism, although girls were significantly more depressed than boys; (3) a pattern of perfectionism-depression correlations that differed somewhat between boys and girls; and (4) several interactions of different dimensions of perfectionism in accounting for depression. Results are discussed by addressing differences between children and adolescents in school cultures, physical and psychological changes from childhood to adolescence, and the importance of considering the positive as well as the negative aspects of perfectionism among school-age children. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 139,156, 2007. [source]