Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Awareness
Kinds of Awareness Terms modified by Awareness Selected AbstractsPREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND ITS AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND SATISFACTORY CONTROL THROUGH TREATMENT IN ELDERLY JAPANESEJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 2 2008Masayuki Ishine MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] PARTNER AWARENESS REGARDING THE ADULT SEQUELAE OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SURVIVORSJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 2 2003Noelle S. Wiersma This qualitative study investigates factors that may facilitate or impede awareness within couples regarding the sequelae of chuildhood sexual abuse for adult females and their partner. Six couples were interviewed about perceived effects of the abuse for self and partner and their perceptions regarding their awareness of these effects. Transcribed data were analyzed using grounded-theory methodolgy. Emergent themes regarding potential barriers to and facilitators of agreement are outlined in the context of the expressive and receptive abilities and motivations of each partner in communicating about the abuse. Preliminary implications for marriage and family therapy and further research are provided. [source] TECHNOLOGY CHOICE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS IN A TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT CONTEXT,AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 3 2009AKIRA YAKITA Assuming that an environmentally-friendly technology not only reduces pollution emissions but also strengthens the preference of consumers for goods produced with such a technology, we show that a legally stipulated choice of cleaner technologies, requiring resources and hence reducing output, can improve the welfare of the economy even when other economies do not choose such technologies, and that the driving force can be the terms-of-trade effect. Therefore, even a unilateral regulation on the choice of technology would be approved in the economy when the environmental awareness of consumers is sufficiently raised. [source] Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular ImagingCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 2 2010Article first published online: 20 APR 2010 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. Each bibliography is divided into 15 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; Contrast Agents: 3 Chemistry; 4 Technique; 5 Experimental; 6 Applications; Molecular Imaging: 7 Carbon; 8 Fluorine; 9 Gallium; 10 Hydrogen; 11 Indium; 12 Iodine; 13 Phosphorus; 14 Technetium; 15 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular ImagingCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 1 2010Article first published online: 22 FEB 2010 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. Each bibliography is divided into 15 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; Contrast Agents: 3 Chemistry; 4 Technique; 5 Experimental; 6 Applications; Molecular Imaging: 7 Carbon; 8 Fluorine; 9 Gallium; 10 Hydrogen; 11 Indium; 12 Iodine; 13 Phosphorus; 14 Technetium; 15 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular ImagingCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 1 2008Article first published online: 11 MAR 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. Each bibliography is divided into 15 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; Contrast Agents: 3 Chemistry; 4 Technique; 5 Experimental; 6 Applications; Molecular Imaging: 7 Carbon; 8 Fluorine; 9 Gallium; 10 Hydrogen; 11 Indium; 12 Iodine; 13 Phosphorus; 14 Technetium; 15 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular ImagingCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 6 2006Article first published online: 8 DEC 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. Each bibliography is divided into 15 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; Contrast Agents: 3 Chemistry; 4 Technique; 5 Experimental; 6 Applications; Molecular Imaging: 7 Carbon; 8 Fluorine; 9 Gallium; 10 Hydrogen; 11 Indium; 12 Iodine; 13 Phosphorus; 14 Technetium; 15 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular ImagingCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 5 2006Article first published online: 10 OCT 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. Each bibliography is divided into 15 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; Contrast Agents: 3 Chemistry; 4 Technique; 5 Experimental; 6 Applications; Molecular Imaging: 7 Carbon; 8 Fluorine; 9 Gallium; 10 Hydrogen; 11 Indium; 12 Iodine; 13 Phosphorus; 14 Technetium; 15 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Predicting juvenile delinquency: The nexus of childhood maltreatment, depression and bipolar disorderCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2009Christopher A. Mallett Background,It is important to identify and provide preventative interventions for youth who are most at risk for offending behaviour, but the connection between early childhood or adolescent experiences and later delinquency adjudication is complicated. Aim,To test for associations between specified mental disorders or maltreatment and later delinquency adjudication. Method,Participants were a random sample of youth before the juvenile courts in two Northeast Ohio counties in the USA (n = 555) over a 4-year time frame (2003 to 2006). Results,Logistic regression analysis identified a lifetime diagnosis of depression and/or bipolar disorder to be predictive of later youth delinquency adjudication, but found that childhood maltreatment (or involvement with the child welfare system) made delinquency outcomes less likely. Implications,Study implications are discussed as they relate to professionals working in the fields of child welfare, social work, mental health and juvenile justice. Awareness of risks associated with maltreatment may have led to effective interventions, while there may be less awareness of risks from depression in young people; however, studies tend not to take account of intervention variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Science of Surge: Detection and Situational AwarenessACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2006John McManus MD As part of the broader "science of surge" consensus initiative sponsored by Academic Emergency Medicine, this report addresses the issues of detection and situational awareness as they relate to surge in the practice of emergency medicine. The purpose of this report, and the breakout group that contributed to its content, was to provide emergency physicians and other stakeholders in the emergency medicine community a sense of direction as they plan, prepare for, and respond to surge in their practice. [source] Dental trauma incidence and mouthguard use in elite athletes in TurkeyDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2005e Diljin Keçeci Abstract,,, Contact sports may lead to dental trauma, which often can be reduced with appropriate preventive measures. While numerous studies exist on this topic for several countries throughout the world, there is a lack of comprehensive descriptive studies in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of dental injuries associated with three different sports among Turkish elite athletes, who do not contact (volleyball), contact directly (taekwondo) or indirectly (handball) with competition rivals. Additionally, awareness and use of mouthguards were also compared. Thus, during the 2003 and 2004 Turkish National Championships in three sports, 50 taekwondo, 62 handball and 50 volleyball male athletes were interviewed by questionnaire. Results showed that taekwondo and handball athletes experienced significantly more dental trauma than volleyball athletes (P < 0.05). Twelve of the taekwondo (24%), 16 of the handball (26%) and four of the volleyball athletes (8%) experienced at least one type of dental injury. Awareness of mouthguards as a preventive measure against dental trauma was significantly higher among taekwondo and handball athletes (P < 0.05), although a very small percentage in either of these sports actually wore a mouthguard (10 and 0%, respectively). Trauma incidence between direct contact with rival competitors and indirect contact with rival competitors was not significantly different. The incidence of dental trauma in contact sports shows that the awareness and use of mouthguards must be intensified. Mouthguard use should be made compulsory, especially in those sports with high risk for dental trauma. [source] Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guideline Awareness and Antibiotic Prophylaxis Use Among New York State Dermatologic SurgeonsDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2002Noah Scheinfeld JD background. Use of antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery patients remains controversial and several sets of guidelines exist. objective. We investigated dermatologic surgeon's awareness of the American Heart Association (AHA) 1997 antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines, their use of prophylactic antibiotics, and their practices as compared with the Haas and Grekin's 1995 antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines. methods. We mailed postage-paid questionnaires regarding AHA guideline awareness and antibiotic prophylaxis use to the 235 New York State members of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS). We received 87 replies. results. Most participants recognize AHA guidelines and claim to follow them. We reiterate previous studies' findings. Most dermatologic surgeons use antibiotics appropriately. However, antibiotics are occasionally overused or dosed outside the guidelines. Many participants prescribe antibiotics based on a patient's other physicians' recommendations. Notably, erythromycin is sometimes used, an antibiotic the AHA no longer recommends. conclusion. Dermatologic surgeons commonly use antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Based on previous studies, though, the risk of endocarditis following cutaneous surgery is low and thus the use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial. Although this practice is appropriate for high-risk patients when skin is contaminated, it is not recommended for noneroded, noninfected skin. We report that dermatologists may be aware of the guidelines, but only seem to partially follow them. Further studies are still needed to establish optimal guidelines. [source] Neurological complications in two children with Lemierre syndromeDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 8 2010BASHEER PEER MOHAMED Lemierre syndrome is a distinct clinical syndrome comprising oropharyngeal sepsis and fever, internal jugular vein thrombosis and remote septic metastases caused by Fusobacterium species. The mortality rate was historically high and although use of antibiotics led to a dramatic fall in incidence, a resurgence has been seen recently. A 14-year-old male developed Lemierre syndrome after tonsillitis. There was extensive leptomeningitis, especially over the clivus, causing 6th and 12th cranial nerve palsies, a clinical feature termed the ,clival syndrome'. He also developed an epidural abscess in the cervical spine, which was unsafe for surgical drainage. Conservative treatment with an extended course of antibiotics and anticoagulation for jugular vein thrombosis led to a good recovery. A 15-year-old female developed Lemierre syndrome after a persistent sore throat lasting 7 weeks. She had palsy of the 12th cranial nerve from clival osteomyelitis. She was treated with a 6-week course of antibiotics and anticoagulants leading to almost full recovery at 3-month review. Awareness of the potential neurological complications of Lemierre syndrome and prompt management are crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality in this ,forgotten disease'. [source] Autism spectrum disorder and underlying brain mechanism in the oculoauriculovertebral spectrumDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2007Maria Johansson MD As part of a multidisciplinary study, the rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), learning disability (LD), and brain abnormalities was examined in 20 participants (12 males, 8 females; age range 8mo-17y, mean age 8y 1mo) diagnosed as falling within the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAV). A neuropsychiatric examination was performed, including standardized autism diagnostic interviews. Two individuals met diagnostic criteria for autism, one for autistic-like condition, and five for autistic traits. Four patients had mild LD, three severe LD, two profound LD, and two borderline intellectual functioning. Neuroimaging indicated cerebral abnormalities in more than half of the patients. Abnormalities of white/grey matter were found in more than half of examined individuals; enlargement of ventricles in more than a third. Results indicate that at least a subgroup of ASD may be associated with errors in early embryonic brain development. Awareness of the coexistence of OAV/ASD is important in habilitation care of individuals with OAV. [source] Ramadan Education and Awareness in Diabetes (READ) programme for Muslims with Type 2 diabetes who fast during RamadanDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010V. Bravis Diabet. Med. 27, 327,331 (2010) Abstract Background and Aims, During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk for one lunar month. The majority of Muslim diabetic patients are unaware of complications such as hypoglycaemia during fasting. The safety of fasting has not been assessed in the UK Muslim population with diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of Ramadan-focused education on weight and hypoglycaemic episodes during Ramadan in a Type 2 diabetic Muslim population taking oral glucose-lowering agents. Methods, We retrospectively analysed two groups. Group A attended a structured education programme about physical activity, meal planning, glucose monitoring, hypoglycaemia, dosage and timing of medications. Group B did not. Hypoglycaemia was defined as home blood glucose < 3.5 mmol/l. Results, There was a mean weight loss of 0.7 kg after Ramadan in group A, compared with a 0.6-kg mean weight gain in group B (P < 0.001). The weight changes observed were independent of the class of glucose-lowering agents used. There was a significant decrease in the total number of hypoglycaemic events in group A, from nine to five, compared with an increase in group B from nine to 36 (P < 0.001). The majority were in patients treated with short-acting sulphonylureas (group A,100%, group B,94%). At 12 months after attending the programme, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction were sustained in group A. Conclusions, Ramadan-focused education in diabetes can empower patients to change their lifestyle during Ramadan. It minimizes the risk of hypoglycaemic events and prevents weight gain during this festive period for Muslims, which potentially benefits metabolic control. [source] Cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2006Sanjay Gupta M.D. Abstract The objective of the study was to study the cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and to assess the utility of vaginal cytology in determining the response to HRT. Ninety postmenopausal women (30 on estrogen,progesterone combination (HRT) for 1 to 24 mo (user 1), 30 on estrogen therapy (ERT) for 1 to 44 mo (user 2), and 30 not on any hormones (nonusers)) were included in the cross-sectional study. Their lateral vaginal wall smears and cervical smears were examined for hormonal and morphological assessments, respectively. The smear pattern showed predominance of parabasal cells in 46.6% of nonusers, while none of the users had >70% parabasal cells. A high percentage (>70%) of intermediate cells was found in 46.6% of users and only in 16.6% of nonusers. A high maturation value (MV) was found in more than 75% of users but in only 16.6% of nonusers. The women with high MV (>50) were significantly less symptomatic than did nonusers. Atrophic changes were present in cervical smears of 14/20 (46.6%) nonusers when compared with 1/60 (1.66%) users. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) were diagnosed in seven users and three nonusers. It persisted on follow-up in four users and one nonuser. Histology revealed one mild dysplasia among users. Lactobacilli were more frequently observed in users. The cytohormonal pattern on vaginal smears correlates well with the response to hormonal therapy and clinical symptoms. Awareness of the morphological alterations associated with the use of replacement hormones would enable the cytologists to reduce the false-positive diagnoses while evaluating postmenopausal smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:676,681. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Spindle-cell lesions of the liver: Diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsyDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Cynthia D. Guy M.D. Abstract Rarely, spindle-cell lesions in liver fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) are encountered. A retrospective review of our experience with lesions that are mesenchymal in origin or appearance was undertaken to elucidate the frequency and spectrum of these lesions. Image-guided liver FNABs performed over a 3-year period (n = 585) at our institution (1996,1998) were retrospectively evaluated. Cytologic smears, cell block preparations, and clinical follow-up of lesions with spindle-cell morphology were reviewed. Twenty-nine of 585 cases were of spindle-cell morphology (5%). Hemangiomas (n = 12, 41%) and metastatic sarcomas (n = 6, 21%) comprised the largest categories, followed by granulomatous inflammation (n = 3, 10%). Other cases included primary angiosarcoma and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. The most frequent spindle-cell liver lesion encountered is hemangioma, followed by metastatic leiomyosarcoma and granulomatous hepatitis. Awareness of diagnostic possibilities, special attention to specimen adequacy, and use of ancillary procedures can maximize diagnostic yield. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:94,100. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] PNET-like features of synovial sarcoma of the lung: A pitfall in the cytologic diagnosis of soft-tissue tumorsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Pascale Hummel M.D. Abstract Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of soft-tissue tumors is evolving. As more experience is gained, we are becoming aware of potential pitfalls. We describe 2 cases of synovial sarcoma of the lung, primary and metastatic, in patients who had FNA biopsy performed on a lung mass. The cytologic smears showed extremely cellular groups of malignant small round cells, intersected by small blood vessels, with numerous loose single cells, in a background of macrophages and mature lymphocytes. The tumors displayed monomorphic cells forming rosettes and displaying occasional mitoses. A diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor/primitive neuroepithelial tumor (PNET) was suspected. Furthermore, this suspicion was supported by immunohistochemical stains, which showed positivity for a neuroendocrine marker, Leu 7 (case 1), and for a neural marker, CD 99 (O 13 or HBA 71) (both cases); and negativity for cytokeratins (case 1). The resection specimen of case 1 had mostly tightly packed small round cells, with occasional rosettes, similar to the FNA biopsy, and focal areas composed of spindle cells, organized in a focal fibrosarcoma-like and hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. A balanced translocation between chromosomes X and 18, demonstrated by both karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), enabled us to make a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, which was histologically classified as poorly differentiated. Case 2 was a metastatic biphasic synovial sarcoma of the arm, with a prominent epithelial component. Synovial sarcoma, when composed mainly of small round cells on cytologic smears, is a great mimicker of neuroendocrine/PNET tumors, with light microscopic and immunohistochemical overlap. Awareness of this potential pitfall may aid in preventing a misdiagnosis. Its recognition is of major concern, especially for the poorly differentiated variant, because it is associated with a worse prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:283,288, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] SPLENIC RUPTURE FOLLOWING ROUTINE COLONOSCOPYDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 4 2010Tabraze Rasul Splenic rupture is a life-threatening condition characterized by internal hemorrhage, often difficult to diagnose. Colonoscopy is a gold standard routine diagnostic test to investigate patients with gastrointestinal symptoms as well as to those on the screening program for colorectal cancer. Splenic injury is seldomly discussed during consent for colonoscopy, as opposed to colonic perforation, as its prevalence accounts for less than 0.1%. A 66-year-old Caucasian woman with no history of collagen disorder was electively admitted for routine colonoscopy for surveillance of adenoma. She was admitted following the procedure for re-dosing of warfarin, which was stopped prior to the colonoscopy. The patient was found collapsed on the ward the following day with clinical shock and anemia. Computed tomography demonstrated grade 4 splenic rupture. Immediate blood transfusion and splenectomy was required. Splenic rupture following routine colonoscopy is extremely rare. Awareness of it on this occasion saved the patient's life. Despite it being a rare association, the seriousness warrants inclusion in all information leaflets concerning colonoscopy and during its consent. [source] Current Awareness in Drug Testing and AnalysisDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2010Article first published online: 1 APR 2010 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of drug testing and analysis. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 Sports doping - General; 3 Steroids; 4 Peptides; 5 Diuretics; 6 CNS agents; 7 Equine; 8 Recreational drugs - General; 9 Stimulants; 10 Hallucinogens; 11 Narcotics; 12 Forensics; 13 Alcohol; 14 Tobacco; 15 Homeland security; 16 Workplace; 17 Product authenticity; 18 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Drug Testing and AnalysisDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 9-10 2009Article first published online: 22 DEC 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of drug testing and analysis. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 Sports doping - General; 3 Steroids; 4 Peptides; 5 Diuretics; 6 CNS agents; 7 Equine; 8 Recreational drugs - General; 9 Stimulants; 10 Hallucinogens; 11 Narcotics; 12 Forensics; 13 Alcohol; 14 Tobacco; 15 Homeland security; 16 Workplace; 17 Product authenticity; 18 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Current Awareness in Drug Testing and AnalysisDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 6 2009Article first published online: 7 OCT 200 In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of drug testing and analysis. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 Sports doping - General; 3 Steroids; 4 Peptides; 5 Diuretics; 6 CNS agents; 7 Equine; 8 Recreational drugs - General; 9 Stimulants; 10 Hallucinogens; 11 Narcotics; 12 Forensics; 13 Alcohol; 14 Tobacco; 15 Homeland security; 16 Workplace; 17 Product authenticity; 18 Techniques. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted. [source] Effect of an antismoking advertisement on cinema patrons' perception of smoking and intention to smoke: a quasi-experimental studyADDICTION, Issue 7 2010Reiner Hanewinkel ABSTRACT Aims To assess the effect of an antismoking advertisement under real-world conditions. Design Quasi-experimental study. Setting/participants Multiplex cinema in Kiel, Germany; 4073 patrons were surveyed after having viewed a movie. Some 4005 patrons were ,10 years old (28.7% between 10 and 17 years). A total of 654 subjects (16.3%) were smokers. Intervention In the intervention condition (weeks 1 and 3), a 30-second antismoking advertisement,accentuating long-term health consequences of smoking and promoting cessation,was shown prior to all movies; in the control condition (weeks 2 and 4) no such spot was shown. Main outcome measures (i) Awareness of smoking in the movie, (ii) approval of smoking in the movie, (iii) attitude towards smoking, (iv) intention to smoke in the future and (v) desire to smoke among smokers. Findings Patrons who were exposed to the antismoking advertisement were more likely to be female, but did not differ with respect to smoking status. After controlling for gender differences, patrons exposed to the antismoking advertisement had (i) higher awareness of smoking in the movies, (ii) lower levels of approval of smoking in the movies, and (iii) a more negative attitude towards smoking in general compared with those not exposed. Among smokers, smoking in the movies increased urge to smoke, but there was no interaction between smoking in the movies and experimental condition. Conclusions Study results suggest that placing an antismoking advertisement before movies can affect attitudes towards smoking, bolstering evidence in support of such policies. [source] Interventions with injection drug users in UkraineADDICTION, Issue 11 2009Robert E. Booth ABSTRACT Aims To assess the effectiveness of a brief human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling intervention compared to a more time-consuming and expensive street-based intervention with injection drug users (IDUs). Design Cross-over experimental design in which 900 IDUs were recruited, followed by a ,wash-out' period with no recruitment, a reversal of intervention assignment areas and an additional recruitment of 900 IDUs with baseline and 6-month follow-up assessments. Setting Kiev, Odessa and Makeevka/Donesk Ukraine. Participants A total of 1798 IDUs. Measurements HIV testing and audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) data on socio-demographics, drug use and injection and sex-related risk behaviors. Findings Participants in both conditions reduced their injection and sex risks significantly; however, there was little difference in outcomes between conditions. IDUs who knew they were HIV-infected at baseline were significantly more likely to practice safe sex than those unaware or HIV-negative; those who first learned that they were infected at baseline changed their safe sex practices significantly more than those who already knew that they were infected at baseline and those who were HIV-negative. Younger IDUs and those injecting for a shorter period of time reported higher injection and sex risk behaviors following interventions. Conclusions Awareness of HIV infection by street-recruited drug injectors is associated with reduced sex risks. Additional interventions are required for younger IDUs and those injecting for shorter periods of time. [source] Survey of Public Awareness, Attitudes, and Understanding toward Epilepsy in Hong KongEPILEPSIA, Issue 2 2003Virginia Wong No abstract is available for this article. [source] One size does not fit all: how the tobacco industry has altered cigarette design to target consumer groups with specific psychological and psychosocial needsADDICTION, Issue 11 2003Benjamin Lê Cook ABSTRACT Aims To identify whether the tobacco industry has targeted cigarette product design towards individuals with varying psychological/psychosocial needs. Design Internal industry documents were identified through searches of an online archival document research tool database using relevancy criteria of consumer segmentation and needs assessment. Findings The industry segmented consumer markets based on psychological needs (stress relief, behavioral arousal, performance enhancement, obesity reduction) and psychosocial needs (social acceptance, personal image). Associations between these segments and smoking behaviors, brand and design preferences were used to create cigarette brands targeting individuals with these needs. Conclusions Cigarette brands created to address the psychological/psychosocial needs of smokers may increase the likelihood of smoking initiation and addiction. Awareness of targeted product development will improve smoking cessation and prevention efforts. [source] Awareness of breast and cervical cancer risk factors and screening behaviours among nurses in rural region of TurkeyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 3 2008A. YAREN md Breast and cervical cancer are the most common causes of cancer mortality among women worldwide, but actually they are largely preventable diseases. There is limited data on breast and cervical cancer knowledge, screening practices and attitudes of nurses in Turkey. A self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge and attitude of nurses on risk factors of the breast and cervical cancer as well as screening programmes such as breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination, mammography (MMG) and papanicolaou (pap) smear test. In total, 125 out of 160 nurses participated in the study (overall response rate was 80.6%). The risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer was generally well known, except for early menarche (23.2%) and late menopause (28.8%). For cervical cancer, the correct risk factors mostly indicated by the nurses were early age at first sexual intercourse (56%), smoking (76%), multiple sexual partners (71.2%). As for screening methods, it was believed that BSE was a beneficial method to identify the early breast changes (84.8%) and MMG was able to detect the cancer without a palpable mass (57.6%). Little was known about the fact that women should begin cervical cancer screening approximately 3 years after the onset of sexual intercourse (23.2%) and if repeated pap smear test were normal, it could be done every 2,3 years. Most of the nurses considered that MMG decreases the mortality in breast cancer (65.6%) and also believed that pap smear test decreases the mortality in cervical cancer (75.2%). Despite high level of knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and screening methods, inadequate knowledge of cervical cancer screening method were found among nurses. [source] Corticosteroid side-effects and risk for bleeding in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: patient and hematologist perspectivesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Jacqueline A. Guidry Abstract Objectives:, The purpose of this study was to examine hematologist and patient perspectives about the side-effects of the corticosteroid treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and their perspectives about the patient's risk for bleeding. The specific aim was to compare patient and hematologist perspectives and, if a difference was documented, the implications of that difference. We hypothesized that patients with ITP may have more concern about corticosteroid side-effects and less concern about serious bleeding than hematologists. Methods:, We surveyed 80 patients in the Oklahoma ITP Registry and all 83 hematologists in Oklahoma about the occurrence and severity of 18 corticosteroid side-effects and risks for serious bleeding. Results:, Response rates were 80% (patients) and 71% (hematologists). Responses of patients and hematologists were significantly different from each other regarding both the frequency of severe corticosteroid side-effects and the risk of serious bleeding. For 13 of the 18 corticosteroid side-effects, patients reported more frequent occurrence of severe symptoms than hematologists (P < 0.05); physicians reported more frequent occurrence for one side-effect (P < 0.05). Conversely, 69% and 93% of hematologists reported being very worried about serious bleeding when responding to two case scenarios describing patients with platelet counts of 10 000/,L and 5000/,L (P < 0.05), compared with only 16 (31%) of 51 patients whose lowest platelet count had been <10 000/,L. Conclusion:, Awareness of the different opinions about corticosteroid side-effects and risk for bleeding between ITP patients and hematologists may improve management decisions. [source] Awareness of potential valvulopathy risk with pergolide and changes in clinical practice after label change: a survey among European neurologistsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2007A. LLedó In response to concern about the reported frequency of ergot-associated valvulopathy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Eli Lilly and Company updated the Risk Minimization Program for pergolide, changing the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and distributing a Dear Doctor Letter (DDL) highlighting the new label changes. A survey was conducted subsequently to assess neurologists' awareness of the revised SmPC and their resulting changes in practice. A random sample of 20.3% of neurologists (n = 4056) from 12 eligible EU countries were invited to participate. Of the target population of 247 neurologists who treated patients with PD, used pergolide in 2005, and were willing to participate, 244 (99%) responded. Overall awareness of the DDL and the SmPC changes was 94.2%. Over half (58.3%) of neurologists indicated that they prescribe pergolide exclusively as second-line treatment, although some (21.9%) used pergolide exclusively as first-line treatment. In response to the DDL, most neurologists perform echocardiograms before treatment (67.5%) and during treatment (76.7%), and over half (55%) avoid prescribing doses >5 mg/day. Overall, use of a DDL to communicate an SmPC change was effective in increasing the awareness of pergolide-associated valvulopathy and in modifying neurologists' clinical practice to minimize this risk. [source] Molecular imaging in hereditary forms of parkinsonismEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2007M. C. Shih The development of in vivo molecular imaging to evaluate the dopamine (DA) system with positron-emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography has been of key importance on monitoring in vivo nigrostriatal neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD), mostly through assessments of pre- and post-synaptic DA receptors. The discoveries of genes related to hereditary forms of parkinsonism (PARK1, PARK2, PARK6, PARK7 and PARK8) have increased our understanding either of distinct subtypes of clinical expression in PD or its etiology. This article revises current data on molecular neuroimaging of genetic forms of parkinsonism comparing and contrasting its main features with the classical sporadic forms. Awareness of the spectrum variance in the genotype and its respective PD phenotype are useful to distinguish different pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||