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Sinus Mucosa (sinus + mucosa)
Selected AbstractsChronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps: the role of generic and specific questionnaires on assessing its impact on patient's quality of lifeALLERGY, Issue 10 2008I. Alobid Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) including nasal polyps is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that, despite differing hypotheses of its cause, remains poorly understood. Primary symptoms are nasal blockage, loss of smell, rhinorrhea, and facial pain or pressure. Chronic rhinosinusitis causes significant physical symptoms, has a negative impact on quality of life (QoL), and can substantially impair daily functioning. A global evaluation of patients must include, together with nasal symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and CT scan, the measurement of QoL. To assess QoL in CRS, specific and generic questionnaires may be used. Chronic rhinosinusitis has a considerable impact on a patient's QoL but comorbidities, such as asthma and atopy, have an accumulative negative effect. Both medical and surgical treatments lead to a similar improvement on the QoL of CRS and nasal polyp patients. [source] Expression of leptin receptor in nasal polyps: Leptin as a mucosecretagogue,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 5 2010Si-Youn Song MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Leptin is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates food intake and metabolic and endocrine functions. Serum leptin levels have been reported to be increased in patients with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis; however, the explanation for this is unclear. We aimed to demonstrate the differential expression of leptin receptors in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps, and to elucidate the effects of leptin on mucin gene expression in human nasal polyp epithelial cells. Study Design: Case-control and in vitro study. Methods: Normal ethmoid sinus mucosa was obtained from 10 subjects and used as a control; nasal polyps were obtained from 10 patients. Leptin receptor expression was analyzed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Leptin-induced expression of major respiratory mucins (MUC5AC and MUC5B) in the human nasal polyp epithelial cells was determined using RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The leptin receptor expression was stronger in the nasal polyps than in the normal nasal mucosa. In human nasal polyp epithelial cells, leptin increased the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, at the gene and protein levels. Leptin-induced mucin expression was inhibited by the leptin receptor antagonist. Conclusions: The increased expression of leptin receptors in nasal polyps implies leptin has a certain role in nasal polyposis. In addition, leptin appears to induce the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B through leptin receptors in the human nasal polyp epithelial cells. Laryngoscope, 2010 [source] Factors in the Pathogenesis of Tumors of the Sphenoid and Maxillary Sinuses: A Comparative Study,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue S96 2000Anthony J. Reino MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis To explain the processes that lead to the development of tumors in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Study Design A 32-year review of the world's literature on neoplasms of these two sinuses and a randomized case-controlled study comparing the normal mucosal architecture of the maxillary to the sphenoid sinus. Methods Analysis of a 32-year world literature review reporting series of cases of maxillary and sphenoid sinus tumors. Tumors were classified by histological type and separated into subgroups if an individual incidence rate was reported. Histomorphometry of normal maxillary and sphenoid sinus mucosa was performed in 14 randomly selected patients (10 sphenoid and 4 maxillary specimens). Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with periodic acid,Schiff (PAS) and hematoxylin. Histomorphometric analysis was performed with a Zeiss Axioscope light microscope (Carl Zeiss Inc., Thornwood, NY) mounted with a Hamamatsu (Hamamatsu Photonics, Tokyo, Japan) color-chilled 3 charge coupled device digital camera. The images were captured on a 17-inch Sony (Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan) multiscan monitor and analyzed with a Samba 4000 Image Analysis Program (Samba Corp., Los Angeles, CA). Five random areas were selected from strips of epithelium removed from each sinus, and goblet and basal cell measurements were made at magnifications ×100 and ×400. Results The literature review revealed that the number and variety of tumors in the maxillary sinus are much greater than those in the sphenoid. The incidence of metastatic lesions to each sinus is approximately equal. No recognized pattern of spread from any particular organ system could be determined. On histomorphometric study there were no statistically significant differences between the sinuses in the concentration of goblet cells, basal cells, or seromucinous glands. Conclusions Factors involved in the pathogenesis of tumors of the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses include differences in nasal physiology, embryology, morphology, and topography. There are no significant histological differences in the epithelium and submucous glands between the two sinuses to explain the dissimilar formation of neoplasms. [source] Effects of ,-Toxin of Staphylococcus aureus on Ciliary Activity of Nasal Epithelial Cells ,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 12 2000Chung Seop Kim MD Abstract Objectives To investigate the in vitro effects of staphylococcal ,-to-in on ciliary activity and the in vivo effects on sinusitis induction. Study Design The in vitro effects of staphylococcal ,-to-in on ciliary activity were investigated at different concentrations and e-posure times. E-perimental sinusitis was induced in rabbits with application of ,-to-in and confirmed 7 days later. Methods Ciliated epithelial cells were taken from the ma-illary sinus mucosa of 10 rabbits. Five culture dishes from each rabbit were used for the e-perimental group, and one culture dish from each rabbit was used for the control group. In the experimental group, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 10 U/mL of ,-toxin using a video-computerized analysis technique, while in the control group, culture medium containing no toxin was used. CBF was measured 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after administration of ,-toxin. To induce experimental sinusitis, 2 U/mL of ,-toxin was percutaneously applied to the maxillary sinus of 10 rabbits without occlusion of the natural ostium, while normal saline was percutaneously applied to the right-side maxillary sinus of 4 rabbits in the control group. At 7 days, mucosal membranes were taken from the inferomedial wall of the maxillary sinus for light microscopic study. Results CBF dropped significantly after an 8-hour incubation at 2, 5, and 10 U/mL of ,-to-in. No ciliary activity was observed after a 24-hour incubation at 2 and 5 U/mL and a 12-hour incubation at 10 U/mL of ,-to-in. Mucoid, purulent discharge was observed in the ma-illary sinuses of the ,-to-in,applied group. Prominent epithelial disruption and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epithelium and lamina propria were observed in the ,-to-in,applied group. Conclusions Staphylococcal ,-to-in may reduce ciliary activity and induce sinusitis without occlusion of the natural ostium of the ma-illary sinus in rabbits. This study provides another animal model of sinusitis for understanding the pathogenesis of sinusitis induced by bacterial e-oto-ins. [source] Saccharin Test of Maxillary Sinus Mucociliary Function After Endoscopic Sinus SurgeryTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 1 2000Kazuyasu Asai MD Abstract Objectives: To determine the usefulness of the saccharin time (ST) test for evaluating the mucociliary function of the maxillary sinus after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic sinusitis. Study Design: Methods: This study was conducted on 88 maxillary sinuses of 74 patients after ESS. The maxillary sinus fontanel was broadly opened via the middle meatus using an endoscope, and a saccharin granule was adhered to the bottom of the maxillary sinus mucosa. The time until the patient recognized the sweet taste was recorded. Before the ST test, the bilateral maxillary sinuses were classified into the following four groups on the basis of the post-ESS severity of mucosal edema and swelling as revealed by endoscopic observation: normal (45 sinuses), mild mucosal edema and swelling (24), moderate mucosal finding (14), and severe mucosal finding or filling of the sinus with a polyp(s) (5). Results: The mean ST values in the normal group and the groups with mild, moderate, and severe mucosal edema and swelling were 35.7, 38.1, 63.6, and 88.0 minutes, respectively. Thus the ST increased with the post-ESS severity of the mucosal lesion. However, for the group with mild mucosal edema and swelling, scanning electron microscopic observation of three maxillary sinuses in which the ST exceeded 120 minutes and four sinuses in which the ST was 40 minutes revealed extensive cilia loss in the former sinuses, but not in the latter. A second post-ESS endoscopic observation was performed in 17 patients, revealing improvement in 11 sinuses, no change in 5 sinuses, and aggravation in 1 sinus (compared with the initial test). The ST test was also repeated, revealing that the ST became shorter in most of the endoscopically improved sinus group. However, a few sinuses showed a discrepancy between the change in the endoscopic findings and the ciliary function (ST). Conclusion: Measurement of the maxillary sinus ST is a simple, accurate, and useful technique for assessing the post-ESS mucociliary function in conjunction with endoscopy, and the information gained can help in deciding subsequent therapy. [source] The role of allergic rhinitis in upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseasesCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY REVIEWS, Issue 1 2004Y. Kurono Summary The number of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasing. Furthermore, patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) and chronic sinusitis (CS) are frequently complicated with AR. These findings suggest that AR has an impact on the pathogenesis of both OME and CS. The direct and indirect influence of AR on OME and CS was investigated by clinical and experimental studies to clarify the mechanism by which type I allergic reaction is associated with OME and CS. Clinical findings of patients with OME or CS complicated with AR were analysed and compared with those of nonallergic subjects. Samples such as sinus effusions and middle ear effusions (MEE) were collected from the patients and infiltration of inflammatory cells and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines determined. In addition, previous reports discussing the relationship between AR and OME or CS are reviewed. Eosinophil infiltration and oedema were remarkable in paranasal sinus mucosa of patients with CS complicated with AR, suggesting the presence of type I allergic reaction in sinus mucosa. However, there was little evidence of eosinophils in sinus effusions. Endotoxin was frequently detected in sinus effusions of patients with CS having AR as well as suppurative CS. Hypoxia was also considered an important factor inducing sinus pathology. Eosinophils and IgE antibodies in MEE were not increased in OME patients with AR. Anti-allergic medicine was effective in OME patients complicated with AR and improvement of nasal symptoms significantly correlated with that of ear symptoms. AR might be directly and indirectly associated with the pathogenesis of OME and CS. [source] Respiratory epithelial orbital cystsCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Jared J Mee MB BS Abstract Congenital or post-traumatic respiratory epithelial lined cysts of the orbit are very rare, and such cysts more commonly occur as mucocoeles secondary to chronic paranasal sinus disease. Four new cases of such cysts are described herein, three presumed choristomas and one occurring after trauma. Two of three presumed choristomatous (congenital) cysts occurred in sites that were atypical for the commoner dermoid cyst. One occurred in the superior orbit between the superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscle and one in the temporal fossa and lateral orbit. The third choristomatous lesion occurred in the superotemporal orbit with a well-defined bony defect, a typical pattern of the commoner dermoid cyst. The fourth case, a presumed traumatic respiratory epithelial cyst, probably arose from ethmoidal sinus mucosa. Respiratory epithelial orbital cysts are very rare and may occur in sites that are atypical for the commoner orbital dermoid cyst. [source] | ||||||||||