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Selected AbstractsInside out, or outside in: meeting with couplesJOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 2 2006Hugh Jenkins The complex difficulties often faced by couples require a range of models for effective help. Relational intensity is heightened in therapy by the ease with which the therapist can be triangled into the couple's relationship and by the influence of the emotional triggers from their respective internal worlds. This article draws on systemic and psychodynamic models and a transgenerational perspective for gendered stories. Different time frameworks link interpersonal and intrapersonal themes. In this sense, the therapist works ,inside out' and ,outside in'. A framework of behaviours, emotions, feelings, meanings and beliefs is proposed to help link these perspectives. ,Invisible contracts' and the sense of there often being an unconscious ,pact to disappoint' are described. Clear models are not enough, for it is the intimate encounter between client and therapist that is the bedrock of therapeutic change and growth. There is no short cut to this sense of intimacy in the unique encounter between therapist and each new couple. Brief examples from practice describe how the issues discussed may be addressed in couples work. [source] Activity Switches of Rhodopsin,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Eglof Ritter Rhodopsin, the visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell contains as its light-sensitive cofactor 11- cis retinal, which is bound by a protonated Schiff base between its aldehyde group and the Lys296 side chain of the apoprotein. Light activation is achieved by 11- cis to all- trans isomerization and subsequent thermal relaxation into the active, G protein-binding metarhodopsin II state. Metarhodopsin II decays via two parallel pathways, which both involve hydrolysis of the Schiff base eventually to opsin and released all- trans retinal. Subsequently, rhodopsin's dark state is regenerated by a complicated retinal metabolism, termed the retinoid cycle. Unlike other retinal proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, this regeneration cycle cannot be short cut by light, because blue illumination of active metarhodopsin II does not lead back to the ground state but to the formation of largely inactive metarhodopsin III. In this review, mechanistic details of activating and deactivating pathways of rhodopsin, particularly concerning the roles of the retinal, are compared. Based on static and time-resolved UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopic data, we discuss a model of the light-induced deactivation. We describe properties and photoreactions of metarhodopsin III and suggest potential roles of this intermediate for vision. [source] Dendritic Porphyrin,Fullerene Conjugates: Efficient Light-Harvesting and Charge-Transfer EventsCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 45 2009Sebastian Schlundt Abstract A novel dendritic C60 -H2P-(ZnP)3 (P=porphyrin) conjugate gives rise to the successful mimicry of the primary events in photosynthesis, that is, light harvesting, unidirectional energy transfer, charge transfer, and charge-shift reactions. Owing, however, to the flexibility of the linkers that connect the C60, H2P, and ZnP units, the outcome depends strongly on the rigidity/viscosity of the environment. In an agar matrix or Triton X-100, time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopic analysis and fluorescence-lifetime measurements confirm the following sequence. Initially, light harvesting is seen by the peripheral C60 -H2P- *(ZnP)3 conjugate. Once photoexcited, a unidirectional energy transfer funnels the singlet excited-state energy to H2P to form C60 -*(H2P)-(ZnP)3, which powers an intramolecular charge transfer that oxidizes the photoexcited H2P and reduces the adjacent C60 species. In the correspondingly formed (C60)., -(H2P).+ -(ZnP)3 conjugate, an intramolecular charge-shift reaction generates (C60)., -H2P-(ZnP)3.+, in which the radical cation resides on one of the three ZnP moieties, and for which lifetimes of up to 460,ns are found. On the other hand, investigations in organic media (i.e., toluene, THF, and benzonitrile) reveal a short cut, that is, the peripheral ZnP unit reacts directly with C60 to form (C60)., -H2P-(ZnP)3.+. Substantial configurational rearrangements, placing ZnP and C60 in proximity to each other,are, however, necessary to ensure the required through space interactions (i.e., close approach). Consequently, the lifetime of (C60)., -H2P-(ZnP)3.+ is as short as 100,ps in benzonitrile. [source] The ,pros' and ,cons' of joint EMS and group certification: a Swedish case studyCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2007Thomas Zobel Abstract Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are collectively responsible for a significant portion of the total environmental burden worldwide. A common tool used by SMEs to improve their environmental performance is the environmental management system (EMS), which has the disadvantage that it has been developed with larger organizations in mind. A common approach used by Swedish SMEs to facilitate the implementation of an EMS is joint EMS and group certification. This paper evaluates this approach by means of a case study. It is found that the approach is effective for small and micro-sized companies in achieving ISO 14001 certification as fast and cost effectively as possible. A few short cuts including joint environmental policy and objectives and insufficient environmental organization are however threatening to undermine the trustworthiness of the approach. Notwithstanding these flaws, however, it must be concluded that the joint EMS approach is a good alternative for small and micro-sized companies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] A comparison of learning outcomes and attitudes in student- versus faculty-led problem-based learning: an experimental studyMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2000David J Steele Objectives To compare learning outcomes and perceptions of facilitator behaviours and small-group process in problem-based learning (PBL) groups led by students and those led by faculty. Design A prospective, Latin-square cross-over design was employed. Second-year medical students participated in 11 PBL cases over the course of the academic year. For each case, half the student groups were led by faculty and the other half by a student group member selected randomly to serve in the facilitator role. Learning outcomes were assessed by performance on objective examinations covering factual materials pertinent to the case. Perceptions of facilitator behaviours and of group functioning were assessed with a questionnaire completed at the end of each individual case. Focus-group discussions were held to gain more in-depth information about student perceptions and experience. Student-led sessions were observed at random by the investigators. Setting A state-supported, US medical school with a hybrid lecture-based and problem-based curriculum. Subjects One hundred and twenty-seven second-year medical students and 30 basic science and clinical faculty. Results No differences were detected in student performance on the objective evaluation based on whether the facilitator was a faculty member or peer group member, nor were there any differences in the perceptions of group process. Students gave peer facilitators slightly higher ratings in the second semester of the experiment. In the focus-group discussions, students voiced a general preference for student-led groups because they felt they were more efficient. Observation and focus-group reports suggest that groups led by students sometimes took short cuts in the PBL process. Conclusion In a hybrid lecture- and PBL-based curriculum, student performance on objective examinations covering PBL materials is unaffected by the status of the facilitator (student vs. faculty). However, in peer-facilitated groups, students sometimes took short cuts in the PBL process that may undermine some of the intended goals of PBL. [source] | ||||||||||