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Sheet Samples (sheet + sample)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Polymers and Materials Science100%

Selected Abstracts

Preparation and Characterization of a Large-Scale YBa2Cu3O7,x Superconductor Prepared by Plastic Forming without a High-Pressure Molding: Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Addition on the Superconducting Properties

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 3 2009
Makoto Takahashi
The preparation of large-scale YBa2Cu3O7,x superconductor samples was investigated. This method is based on plastic forming using a slurry consisting of YBa2Cu3O7,x particles and a sol solution made up of multimetallic hydroxide particles (YBa2Cu3(OH)x colloidal particles) and poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA). The effects of adding PVA on the product, the crystallinity, and the superconducting properties of the sample were investigated. It was found that PVA acted as a protective colloid in the sol solution and stabilized YBa2Cu3(OH)x colloidal particles, and that the role of PVA changed from a thickener to a flocculant during drying so that the formability/workability of the green sheet sample was improved and large samples (about 80 mm × 80 mm × 3 mm) without large cracks were obtained after firing. The samples became superconducting at 91.5±0.5 K (Tcon) and the full transition temperature (Tcoff) was 88.5±1.5 K. The critical current density (Jc) of the sample prepared from the slurry containing 1 wt% PVA was 713±150 A/cm2 at 77 K. This Jc value was improved to 2300 A/cm2 by heat treatment at 773 K under an oxygen atmosphere. [source]

Determination of the Oxygen Deficiency in Vacuum-Hot-Pressed Ferroelectric Ceramics Using a Thermogravimetric Technique

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 2 2000
Qi Tan
An attempt to measure the oxygen deficiency in vacuum-hot-pressed ferroelectric target materials was made, using a thermogravimetric method. The approach was intended to measure the relative mass increase of oxygen-deficient sheet samples, with respect to an oxidized reference that was annealed in air. A saturation of mass change was achieved, which indicated a saturated oxidation state and provided a basis for further calculation of the oxygen deficiency in the samples. Results were obtained for barium strontium titanate and lead lanthanum zirconate titanate compositions, which shows the feasibility of applying the thermogravimetric method to ferroelectric materials. [source]

Zum Korrosionsverhalten von Nicrofer 3033 in hochkonzentrierter Schwefelsäure

MATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 12 2002
H. Werner
Untersuchungen zum Korrosionsverhalten von Nicrofer 3033 (1.4591) erfolgten in 93%iger und 95,99%iger technischer Schwefelsäure bei Temperaturen von 70,200°C. 6-h-Versuche mit gravimetrischer Auswertung und Messung des Freien Korrosionspotentials und 48-h-Versuche mit gravimetrischer Auswertung dienten zur Ermittlung des Einflusses von Schwefelsäurekonzentration und Temperatur bei An- und Abwesenheit von SO2 auf die Beständigkeit von Blechproben. Der Einfluss der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit wurde in 6-h-Versuchen durch Rotation von Rohrproben bei Umfangsgeschwindigkeiten bis 2 m/s untersucht. Aus den Potential- und gravimetrischen Messungen folgt für Temperaturen ab 100°C eine Beständigkeit mit , 0,1 mm/a für Nicrofer 3033 (1.4591) ab etwa 98,5%. Um 125°C scheint jedoch ein Gebiet zu existieren, wo zumindest bei längerer Versuchsdauer die Beständigkeit bis herab zu etwa 97,5% erhalten bleibt. Untersuchungen zum Strömungseinfluss weisen darauf hin, dass in dem genannten Gebiet mit zunehmender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit wieder eine Aktivierung erfolgt. Bei den anderen Temperaturen ist dagegen der Strömungseinfluss gering. Diese Ausweitung des Beständigkeitsbereiches um 125°C belegt, dass die Temperaturabhängigkeit von Nicrofer 3033 (1.4591) in hochkonzentrierter Schwefelsäure nicht monoton ist. Es treten in Abhängigkeit von der Schwefelsäurekonzentration bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen Korrosionsmaxima und -minima auf. Bei Anwesenheit von SO2 erfolgt nur bei niedrigen Versuchstemperaturen, 80°C, 100°C im 6-h-Versuch und 70°C, 80°C im 48-h-Versuch, eine Einengung des Beständigkeitsbereiches. Contribution to corrosion behaviour of Alloy 33 in high concentrated sulfuric acid Investigations on the corrosive behaviour of Alloy 33 were conducted in 93% and 95,99% technical sulfuric acid at temperatures of 70,200°C. 6-h-tests with gravimetric evaluation and measurement of the free corrosion potential and 48-h-tests with gravimetric evaluation served to determine the influence of the sulfuric acid concentration and the temperature on the resistance of sheet samples at presence and absence of SO2. The influence of the flow rate was examined in 6-h-tests via rotation of pipe samples at circumferential speeds up to 2 m/s. The potential and gravimetric measurements showed that there is a resistance with , 0.1 mm/a for Alloy 33 as from about 98.5% at temperatures from 100°C. However, about 125°C there seems to be a zone at which the resistance down to about 97.5% is kept at least for a long test duration. Examinations on the flow influence indicate that there is a reactivation in the said zone with increasing flow speed. However, the flow influence is low at the other temperatures. This extension of the resistance zone about 125°C proves that the temperature sensitivity of Alloy 33 is not monotonous in highly concentrated sulfuric acid. There are corrosion maxima and minima as a function of the sulfuric acid concentration at different temperatures. If SO2 is present, there is only a limitation of the resistance zone at low test temperatures, 80°C, 100°C in the 6-h-test and 70°C, 80°C in the 48-h-test. [source]

Polystyrene microcellular plastic generation by quick-heating process at high temperature

POLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 7 2000
Sumarno
Generation of microcellular plastic in the polystyrene-nitrogen system was studied in a batch process. In this study, a quick-heating method was applied to study the effects of saturation temperature, decompression rate and heating time on the microcellular structure for sheet samples with a thickness of 1.3 mm. The saturation pressure in each process was kept constant at 25 MPa. At saturation temperatures above 393 K, we found that, although the solubility of nitrogen increased with increasing saturation temperature, cell density decreased, and the average cell diameter and volume expansion ratio increased. The samples that were saturated at 433 K shattered after microcellular processing. The change in decompression rate affected the supersaturation degree of the dissolved gas in the polymer, and affected the cell structure. Variation of heating time for difference saturation/heating temperature could be used to obtain the optimum relation between cell density, average cell diameter, and volume expansion ratio. [source]