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Severe Burns (severe + burn)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Analysis of skin images using texture descriptor by a combined statistical and structural approach

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
C. Umarani
Abstract In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze various skin (textured) images. They are caused because of hot water, chemical, electrical, thermal, cigarette, etc. These images are analyzed using our texture representation scheme. Our approach uses a set of 92 texture primitives. They are tested for the presence of texture by a statistical design of experiments based approach [Ganesan and Bhattacharyya, Pattern Recogn 28 (1995), 99,105]. These texture primitives are concluded as the local descriptor and their distribution over the entire image is the global representation called texture primitive spectrum. The set of texture primitives and the texture primitive spectrums are successful for a number of Bench mark images (Brodatz, Texture,A photographic album for artists and designers, Reinbold, New York, 1968; Vistex, Available at http://www.white.media.mit.edu\vismod\imgery\Vision Texture, MIT Media Lab, 1995). Using the texture primitive spectrum, several texture images have been categorized as micro, macro, fine, and coarse and a trend is obtained. Similarly, a set of skin images affected by severe burn with many causes are analyzed. The severity has been quantified and concluded based on simple and weighted mean computed for the texture primitive spectrums. The extent of burn and hence the curing duration can be approximated from the results. The outcome of our experimentation with ground truth and the opinion from the experts are closely matching. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 359,366, 2007 [source]

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,Akt pathway protects cardiomyocytes from ischaemic and hypoxic apoptosis via mitochondrial function

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5-6 2010
Hua-Pei Song
Summary 1.,After a severe burn, a marked decrease in myocardial blood flow results in ischaemic and hypoxic injury, which subsequently leads to apoptosis or necrosis. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt is an important intracellular signal transduction molecule that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, glucose metabolism and migration. However, the function and mechanisms of the PI3-K,Akt pathway in cardiomyocyte apoptosis after a burn remain unclear. 2.,In the present study, an in vivo rat model of burn injury and an in vitro hypoxic model using rat cardiomyocytes were established. In burned rats, the expression of PI3-K and phosphorylated (p-) Akt expression increased, as did myocardial apoptosis. Inhibition of the PI3-K,Akt pathway with 1.4 mg/kg LY294002 caused a significant increase in the myocardial apoptotic index compared with hypoxia alone in the in vivo model. 3.,Cardiomyocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions exhibited increased apoptosis, decreased cell viability, enhanced caspase 3 activity, a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytoplasmic calcium transients and increased p53 and Bax mRNA expression. Pretreatment with 50 ,mol/L LY294002 significantly enhanced all these negative indicators compared with hypoxia alone. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with 200 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor-1, an activator of PI3-K,Akt, significantly ameliorated the effects of hypoxia, although control levels were not reached. 4.,These findings indicate that activation of the PI3-K,Akt pathway induced by ischaemia and hypoxia after a severe burn can protect cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. This anti-apoptotic effect is most likely mediated via the mitochondria and changes in p53 and Bax gene expression, intracellular [Ca2+] and caspase 3 activity. [source]

Evaluation of negative emotional care experiences in burn care

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 14 2008
Björn Wikehult MSc
Aim and objective., To assess recollection of negative emotional experiences during burn care. Background., Patients in intensive care frequently report negative emotional experiences. Patients with severe burns who are treated in intensive care units undergo painful care procedures, but there have been no recent evaluations of their care experiences. Design., Former burn patients (n = 42) were randomly assigned to three groups: postal questionnaire, telephone interview and face-to-face interview. Methods., Assessments included negative care experiences (feelings of uncertainty, powerlessness, being afraid, insecure, being a nuisance, or neglected), severity of injury, patient satisfaction, personality traits and psychological symptoms. Results., Overall, the degree of recalled negative experiences was low and associated with greater severity of injury, more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and lower satisfaction with care. The feeling of powerlessness was the most common, as 67% of participants had such feelings to some extent. Conclusions., Overall, negative care experiences were uncommon and most prevalent among the severely injured. Such experiences were also associated with psychological symptoms and lower patient satisfaction. Relevance to clinical practice., Although relatively uncommon, negative emotional care experiences should be monitored more closely during care. [source]

Skin and oral mucosa equivalents: construction and performance

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010
J Liu
To cite this article: Liu J, Bian Z, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW: Skin and oral mucosa equivalents: construction and performance Orthod Craniofac Res 2010;13:11,20 Abstract Authors,,, Liu J, Bian Z, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW The skin and the oral mucosa act as a barrier against the external environment. Loss of this barrier function causes dehydration and a high risk of infection. For the treatment of extensive skin wounds such as in severe burns, autologous skin for transplantation is often not available in sufficient amounts. Reconstructions in the oral cavity, as required after tumor resections or cleft palate repair, are often complicated by similar problems. In the last two decades, the field of tissue engineering has provided new solutions to these problems. Techniques have been developed for the culture of epithelial grafts, dermal substitutes, and the combination of these two to a ,functional' skin or mucosa equivalent. The present review focuses on developments in the field of tissue engineering of skin and oral mucosa. The performance of different types of engineered grafts in animal models and clinical studies is discussed. Recent developments such as the use of epithelial stem cells, and gene therapy with transduced skin grafts are also discussed. [source]

Damage control in burn surgery

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 11 2009
R. S. Breederveld
This is the fifth leading article in the Journal's series on major trauma. In it, experts from the Netherlands consider the many factors affecting outcomes after severe burns. Copyright © 2009 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]