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Several Pathologies (several + pathology)
Selected AbstractsSome types of vertebral pathologies in the Argar Culture (Bronze Age, SE Spain)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 1 2010S. A. Jiménez-Brobeil Abstract A collection of 1825 vertebrae belonging to 105 individuals from several Argaric Culture sites (Bronze Age, SE of Spain) were studied. Several pathologies that could provide information about activity patterns were analysed, including spondylolysis, compression fractures and Schmorl's nodes. Spondylolysis appears exclusively in men. Compression fractures seem to be more related to age (osteoporosis) and are more frequent in women, but without statistical significance. Schmorl's nodes affect a large number of the individuals studied, with a slight predominance in men; there are no differences by age. The results obtained were compared with the available archaeological and anthropological information, which shows a clear division of activities by sex in the Argaric population. The validity of studying these pathologies as activity patterns is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] 3422: Sources of straylight in the human eyeACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010D DE BROUWERE Purpose Besides refractive aberrations, ocular light scattering is a major parameter affecting image quality on the retina in healthy eyes. Several pathologies in the anterior segment such as corneal scarring and cataract cause significant increase of straylight in the eye. In this study, we link morphologic changes addressed to corneal scarring to a scattering function. Methods Excised rabbit corneas with different grades of scarring following photorefractive keratectomy were optically evaluated for their forward light scattering distribution and consecutively prepared for histology. An absolute parameter for forward scattering was calculated based on the readings in the optical device. We compared this parameter to the relative thickness of the scar tissue observed in the histological data. Results The histological data showed a wide variation of thickness a scar tissue layer in the anterior stroma. The scattering ratio measured using the optical device measuring forward light scattering correlated strongly with the relative thickness of the scar tissue layer with (0.63, Pearson's coefficient), as well as a standard haze exam (measuring backscattered light) (0.51, Pearson's coefficient). The light scattering distribution is narrowly forward peaked (FWHM 30 arcmin), suggesting this light scattering is caused by large particles such as myofibroblasts, oedema or irregular scar tissue in the ablated zone. Conclusion Corneal light scattering associated with the increased amount of haze after excimer laser ablation has a narrowly forward distribution that can be attributed to the subepithelial structures observed in treated corneas. This is in contrast to the origin of scatterers linked to cataract, as small protein aggregates and multilamellar bodies that are scattering over wider angles. [source] SSAO/VAP-1 protein expression during mouse embryonic developmentDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 9 2008Tony Valente Abstract SSAO/VAP-1 is a multifunctional enzyme depending on in which tissue it is expressed. SSAO/VAP-1 is present in almost all adult mammalian tissues, especially in highly vascularised ones and in adipocytes. SSAO/VAP-1 is an amine oxidase able to metabolise various endogenous or exogenous primary amines. Its catalytic activity can lead to cellular oxidative stress, which has been implicated in several pathologies (atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease). The aim of this work is to achieve a study of SSAO/VAP-1 protein expression during mouse embryogenesis. Our results show that SSAO/VAP-1 appears early in the development of the vascular system, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, its expression is strong in several epithelia of the sensory organs, as well as in the development of cartilage sites. Altogether, this suggests that SSAO/VAP-1 enzyme could be involved in the differentiation processes that take place during embryonic development, concretely in tissue vascularisation. Developmental Dynamics 237:2585,2593, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] CD4+CD25, effector T-cells inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in vitroEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 6 2007Gil M. Lewitus Abstract During neuroinflammation T-cells invade the CNS, and may lead to the development and progression of several pathologies, of which multiple sclerosis is the most common. In these pathologies neuroinflammation is often associated with cognitive dysfunction. Using mouse hippocampal slices, we show here that CD4+CD25, T-cells inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high-frequency stimulation. The T-cell-mediated inhibition of LTP can be prevented by blockade of ,-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. These findings provide additional insight into the multiple functions of T-cells in CNS pathologies. [source] A role for endogenous reverse transcriptase in tumorigenesis and as a target in differentiating cancer therapyGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 1 2006Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona An unexpected result emerging from completion of the genome sequencing project is that a large portion of mammalian genomes is constituted by retrotransposons. A large body of published data supports the conclusion that retrotransposons are biologically active elements and indicates that retrotransposition is an ongoing process in mammalian genomes. Retroelements can act as insertional mutagens altering the coding integrity of genes and, recently, have been found to also affect the expression of cellular genes at the epigenetic level: in this light, they are a potential threat in that these events can trigger the onset of several pathologies including cancer. Retroelement genes, and particularly the gene coding for reverse transcriptase (RT), are typically expressed at high levels in transformed cells and tumors. In recent work, we have found that drug-mediated inhibition of the endogenous RT activity, or silencing of expression of active retrotransposons of the LINE-1 family by RNA interference, down-regulate cell growth and induce the activation of differentiating functions in several cancer cell lines. Moreover, the inhibition of endogenous RT activity in vivo antagonizes the growth of human tumors in animal models. In this review, we discuss newly emerging concepts on the role of retrotransposons and suggest that an abnormally high level of the RT activity that they encode may contribute to the loss of control in the proliferation and differentiation programs typical of transformed cells. In this light, RT-coding elements may be regarded as promising targets in the development of novel, differentiation-inducing approaches to cancer therapy. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Protein folding in the post-genomic eraJOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Issue 3 2002Jeannine M. Yon Abstract Protein folding is a topic of fundamental interest since it concerns the mechanisms by which the genetic message is translated into the three-dimensional and functional structure of proteins. In these post-genomic times, the knowledge of the fundamental principles are required in the exploitation of the information contained in the increasing number of sequenced genomes. Protein folding also has practical applications in the understanding of different pathologies and the development of novel therapeutics to prevent diseases associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Significant advances have been made ranging from the Anfinsen postulate to the "new view" which describes the folding process in terms of an energy landscape. These new insights arise from both theoretical and experimental studies. The problem of folding in the cellular environment is briefly discussed. The modern view of misfolding and aggregation processes that are involved in several pathologies such as prion and Alzheimer diseases. Several approaches of structure prediction, which is a very active field of research, are described. [source] Developmental roles for Homer: more than just a pretty scaffoldJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2009Lisa Foa Abstract Homer proteins are best known as scaffold proteins at the post-synaptic density where they facilitate synaptic signalling and are thought to be required for learning and memory. Evidence implicating Homer proteins in the development of the nervous system is also steadily accumulating. Homer is highly conserved and is expressed at key developmental time points in the nervous system of several species. Homer regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis, clustering and trafficking of receptors and proteins at the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane, transcription and translation, and cytoskeletal organization. Each of these functions has obvious potential to regulate neuronal development, and indeed Homer is implicated in several pathologies associated with the developing nervous system. Current data justify more critical experimental approaches to the role of Homer in the developing nervous system and related neurological disorders. [source] Effects of fish oil treatment on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in miceCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 5 2006Luciano Paulino Silva Abstract Bleomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of neoplasms. A major side-effect of bleomycin therapy is the induction of an intense inflammatory response that develops into pulmonary fibrosis. Several studies have shown that certain polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish oil reduce the inflammatory response in vivo. Fish oil has been employed for the treatment of several pathologies such as glomerulonephritis, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and even as an adjuvant in cancer therapy. This study examined the effects of fish oil treatment on the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with bleomycin or with saline daily for 10 days, and 15 days after the last injection they started to receive fish oil by gavage for 14 days. The lungs were processed for light microscopy, biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations. Fish oil did not prevent the development of pulmonary fibrosis after the injury as shown by light microscopy, cytokines immunohistochemical analysis, TBARS content and protein levels in the lung. In addition however, fish oil itself induced a slight inflammatory process in the lung, as observed by the increase in cellularity, vasodilatation in the lung parenchyma, TBARS content, and a slight increase in the lung protein content. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||