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Several Interventions (several + intervention)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Furthering the Understanding of Parent,Child Relationships: A Nursing Scholarship Review Series.

JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2010
Adolescent, Child Relationships, Part 5: Parent, Teen Parent
PURPOSE., The purpose of this paper is to examine nursing's contribution to understanding the parent,adolescent and the teen parent,child relationships. CONCLUSION., Relationships between parents and adolescents may reflect turmoil and affect adolescents' health and development. The social and developmental contexts for teen parenting are powerful and may need strengthening. Several interventions to help teen mothers interact sensitively with their infants have been developed and tested. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS., Nurse researchers have begun to provide evidence for practitioners to use in caring for families of adolescents and teen parents to acquire interaction skills that, in turn, may promote optimal health and development of the child. [source]

Psychosocial interventions for non-professional carers of people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic scoping review

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2008
Susanne Hempel
Abstract Title.,Psychosocial interventions for non-professional carers of people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic scoping review. Aim., This paper is a report of a scoping review to systematically identify and collate the evidence on psychosocial interventions for non-professional carers of people with Parkinson's disease. Background., Carers are critical to people with Parkinson's disease maintaining independent living and quality of life. Parkinson's disease imposes a challenging constellation of symptoms and no summary of effective interventions for carers and their unique support needs exists. Data sources., Thirty electronic databases were searched from their inception to July 2006, and bibliographies and specific internet sites were scanned. Methods., Eligible studies were categorized according to design, type of economic evaluation where applicable, number of participants, country of evaluation, intervention, orientation, provider, setting, method of delivery, carer population, patient population, carer outcomes, patient outcomes and authors' conclusions. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer; discrepancies were resolved through discussion or arbitration by a third reviewer. Findings., Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Most investigated relatively unique interventions involving multiple elements; the majority were not aimed primarily at carers but were embedded in patient treatment programmes. Many were pilot studies, employing weak research designs and involving very small numbers of participants and most were not designed to assess the clinical or cost effectiveness of the intervention for the carers. Conclusion., Several interventions merit further investigation but there is currently little evidence to show which approaches are effective and cost effective in supporting carers. Future studies need to employ appropriate and rigorous research designs with adequate samples and outcome measures, and with more focus on the carer. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Multiple Cytokine Profile in Plasma and Amniotic Fluid in a Mouse Model of Pre-Term Labor

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
Qing Yang
Problem, The rate of pre-term birth in the United States continues to rise despite several interventions. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been implicated in the activation of the cascade of events resulting in pre-term labor. To date, no comprehensive panel of the cytokine profile in PTL has been published. Method of study, To address cytokine profiles in pre-term labor, levels of 19 plasma and amniotic fluid cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay in an inflammation-induced murine model of pre-term labor. Results, Pro-inflammatory mediators, RANTES, KC, IL-6, and IL-12p40 were increased by 3 hr and remained high at 15 hr. Concentrations of KC, IL-6, IL-1,, and MIP-1, were increased in the amniotic fluid at 15 hr. Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 and IL-13 at 15 hr were unchanged and decreased respectively. Conclusion, These results suggest that stimulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs very early in the cascade of events and remains increased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines are either unchanged or decreased until the onset of delivery in an inflammation-induced mouse model of pre-term labor. [source]

Prevention and management of infections in patients without a spleen

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 12 2001
R. N. Davidson
Patients who lack a functioning spleen become vulnerable to sepsis caused by bacteria and, occasionally, protozoa. The risk is higher in children and in those who have had immunosuppressive treatment, and the risk remains lifelong. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) occurs at an estimated incidence of 0.23,0.42% per year, with a lifetime risk of 5%. Episodes of OPSI are emergencies, requiring immediate parental antibiotics and intensive care; intravenous immunoglobulins may be useful. OPSI carries a mortality of 38,69%. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the commonest infecting organism, accounting for 50,90% of isolates from blood cultures in reported series; it is particularly common in children with sickle cell disease. Less commonly, the infecting organisms are other bacteria, Babesia or Ehrlichia. OPSI may be, to some extent, preventable by several interventions. These are surgical conservation of the spleen; immunization against S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis; prophylactic antibiotics; stand-by antibiotics; patient information sheets; and a medical alert bracelet. Asplenic patients living in malaria-endemic areas require optimal prophylaxis. The initial step in prevention of OPSI is the creation of an asplenia register, as many patients are not covered by these simple measures. [source]