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Serial Serum Samples (serial + serum_sample)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Reduced oral itraconazole bioavailability by antacid suspension

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 3 2005
M. Lohitnavy
Summary Aims:, To investigate the effects of antacid suspension on oral absorption of itraconazole. Methods:, A randomized, open-labelled, two-period, crossover study with a 1-week washout period was conducted in 12 healthy Thai male volunteers. The participants were allocated in either treatment A or B in the first period. In treatment A, the volunteers were orally administered with 200 mg of itraconazole alone. In treatment B, the volunteers were administered orally with 200 mg of itraconazole co-administered with antacid suspension. Serial serum samples were collected over the period of 24 h and subsequently analysed by using a validated high-pressure liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis. Results:, Time to reach maximal concentration (Tmax), maximal concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0--,) were markedly decreased in antacid-treated group. Tmax for treatment A was 3·0 ± 0·4 and 5·1 ± 2·7 h for treatment B. Cmax and AUC0--, of treatments A and B were 146·3 ± 70·5 vs. 43·6 ± 16·9 (ng/mL) and 1928·5 ± 1114·6 vs. 654·8 ± 452·2 (ng·h/mL) respectively. 90% Confidence interval (90% CI) of Cmax and AUC0--, were 24·1,42·1 and 16·2,65·9 respectively. Conclusions:, Rate and extent of itraconazole oral absorption were markedly decreased by concurrent use of antacid suspension. Hence, co-administration of itraconazole and antacid suspension should be avoided. [source]

Development of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 1 2003
Chung-Mau Lo
Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have a defective HBV-specific immune response, and the spontaneous development of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after liver transplantation has not been observed. We report the spontaneous production of anti-HBs in 21 of 50 (42%) patients receiving lamivudine monoprophylaxis after liver transplantation. Seroconversion to anti-HBs status (>10 mIU/mL) was found at a median of 8 days (range, 1 to 43 days) after transplantation. In each case, serial serum samples showed a >100% increase in antibody titer as compared with that of day 7 after transplantation in the absence of any blood product transfusion. The anti-HBs titer increased to a maximum within 3 months, and the peak titer was <100 mIU/mL in 10 patients, 100 to 1000 mIU/mL in 5 patients, and >1,000 mIU/mL in 6 patients. In 12 patients, anti-HBs disappeared from serum at a median of 201 days (range, 24 to 414 days), whereas the other 9 patients remained positive for anti-HBs at a median of 221 days (range, 94 to 1,025 days) after transplantation. Patients in whom anti-HBs in serum developed had a more rapid clearance of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (log rank test, P = .011). Using logistic regression analysis, the only predictor of anti-HBs production was an HBV-immune donor (odds ratio, 18.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 112.4; P = .001). In conclusion, patients who undergo liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B using lamivudine prophylaxis may develop anti-HBs spontaneously. The antibody is likely to be of donor origin, suggesting the possibility of adoptive immunity transfer through a liver graft. [source]

Primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus and risk of multiple sclerosis,

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2010
Lynn I. Levin PhD
To determine whether multiple sclerosis (MS) risk increases following primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we conducted a nested case-control study including 305 individuals who developed MS and 610 matched controls selected among the >8 million active-duty military personnel whose serum has been stored in the Department of Defense Serum Repository. Time of EBV infection was determined by measuring antibody titers in serial serum samples collected before MS onset among cases, and on matched dates among controls. Ten (3.3%) cases and 32 (5.2%) controls were initially EBV negative. All of the 10 EBV-negative cases became EBV positive before MS onset; in contrast, only 35.7% (n = 10) of the 28 controls with follow-up samples seroconverted (exact p value = 0.0008). We conclude that MS risk is extremely low among individuals not infected with EBV, but it increases sharply in the same individuals following EBV infection. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:824,830 [source]

Potassium channel antibodies in two patients with reversible limbic encephalitis

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2001
Camilla Buckley MD
Limbic encephalitis (LE) is often associated with lung, thymic, or testicular tumours and antibodies to Hu, CV2, or Ma2 (Ta) antigens. In these cases, it generally has a poor prognosis. Here we describe two patients with symptoms of LE, negative for typical paraneoplastic antibodies, in whom antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC) were detected retrospectively in serial serum samples. Patient 1 had a thymoma recurrence, but in patient 2 no tumour has been detected in the years following presentation. Plasma exchange was effective in reducing VGKC antibody levels, with substantial improvement in mental symptoms in patient 1. In patient 2, the VGKC antibodies fell spontaneously over two years, with almost complete recovery of mental function. Although neither patient had obvious neuromyotonia at presentation, both showed excessive secretions. We suggest that patients with limbic symptoms and excessive secretions should be tested for VGKC antibodies, and, if they are present, prompt and effective immunosuppressive treatment should be considered. [source]