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Serial Changes (serial + change)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	90%

Selected Abstracts

Kinematics of the ACL-deficient canine knee during gait: Serial changes over two years

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 5 2004
Scott Tashman
Abstract The ACL-deficient dog is a model for investigating the development and progression of mechanically driven osteoarthrosis of the knee. ACL loss creates dynamic instability in the ACL-deficient knee which presumably leads to progressive joint degeneration, but the nature of this instability over the time course of disease development is not well understood. The goal of this study was to characterize three-dimensional motion of the canine knee during gait, before and serially for two years after ACL transection. Canine tibial-femoral kinematics were assessed during treadmill gait before and serially for two years after ACL transection (ACL-D group; 18 dogs) or sham transection (ACL-I group; five dogs). Kinematic data was collected at 250 frames/s using a biplane video-radiographic system. Six degree-of-freedom motions of the tibia relative to the femur were calculated, and values immediately prior to pawstrike as well as the maximum, minimum, midpoint and range of motion during early/mid stance were extracted. Between-group differences relative to baseline (pre-transection) values, as well as changes over time post-transection, were determined with a repeated-measures ANCOVA. In the ACL-D group, peak anterior tibial translation (ATT) increased by 10 mm (p < 0.001), and did not change over time (p = 0.76). Pre-pawstrike ATT was similar to ACL-intact values early on (2,4 months) but then increased significantly over time, by 3.5 mm (p < 0.001). The range of ab/adduction motion nearly doubled after ACL loss (from 3.3° to 6.1°). The magnitude (midpoint) of knee adduction also increased significantly over time (mean increase 3.0°; p = 0.036). All changes occurred primarily between 6 and 12 months. There were no significant differences between groups in the transverse plane, and no significant changes over time in the ACL-I group. In summary, peak anterior tibial translation and coronal-plane instability increased immediately after ACL loss, and did not improve with time. ATT just prior to pawstrike and mean knee adduction throughout stance became progressively more abnormal with time, with the greatest changes occurring between 6 and 12 months after ACL transection. This may be due to overload failure of secondary restraints such as the medial meniscus, which has been reported to fail in a similar timeframe in the ACL-deficient dog. The relationships between these complex mechanical alterations and the rate of OA development/progression are currently under investigation. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. [source]

Two-year follow-up on the effect of unilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation in highly asymmetric Parkinson's disease,

MOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 3 2009
Han-Joon Kim MD
Abstract Although bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) provides greater relief from the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) than unilateral STN DBS, it has been suggested that unilateral STN DBS may be a reasonable treatment option in selected patients, especially those with highly asymmetric PD. In previous studies on the effect of unilateral STN DBS, the asymmetry of PD symptoms was not prominent and the mean follow-up durations were only 3 to 12 months. In this study, we report our findings in a series of 8 patients with highly asymmetric PD who were treated with unilateral STN DBS and were followed for 24 months. Serial changes in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score and subscores in the ipsilateral, contralateral, and axial body parts were analyzed. Unilateral STN DBS improved the UPDRS motor score and the contralateral subscore in the on -medication state for 5 nonfluctuating patients and in the off -medication state for 3 fluctuating patients. However, the ipsilateral subscore progressively worsened and reversed asymmetry became difficult to manage, which led to compromised medication and stimulator adjustment. At 24 months, all the patients were considering the second-side surgery. Our results suggest that bilateral STN DBS should be considered even in highly asymmetric PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society [source]

Liver regeneration after major hepatectomy for biliary cancer

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 8 2001
Dr M. Nagino
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate serial changes in liver volume after major hepatectomy for biliary cancer and to elucidate clinical factors influencing liver regeneration. Methods: , Serial changes in liver volume were determined, using computed tomography, in 81 patients with biliary cancer who underwent right hepatic lobectomy or more extensive liver resection with or without portal vein resection and/or pancreatoduodenectomy. Possible factors influencing liver regeneration were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The remnant mean(s.d.) liver volume was 41(8) per cent straight after hepatectomy. This increased rapidly to 59(9) per cent within 2 weeks, then increased more slowly, finally reaching a plateau at 74(12) per cent about 1 year after hepatectomy. The regeneration rate within the first 2 weeks was 16(8) cm3/day and was not related to the extent of posthepatectomy liver dysfunction. On multivariate analysis, the extent of liver resection (P < 0·001), body surface area (P = 0·02), combined portal vein resection (P = 0·024) and preoperative portal vein embolization (P = 0·047) were significantly associated with the liver regeneration rate within the first 2 weeks. In addition, body surface area (P < 0·001) and liver function expressed as plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green (P = 0·01) were significant determinants of final liver volume 1 year after hepatectomy. Conclusion: The liver regenerates rapidly in the first 2 weeks after major hepatectomy for biliary cancer. This early regeneration is influenced by four clinical factors. Thereafter, liver regeneration progresses slowly and stops when the liver is three-quarters of its original volume, approximately 6 months to 1 year after hepatectomy. © 2001 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd [source]

High serum hepatocyte growth factor level in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
Liang-Tsai Hsiao
Abstract: Higher pretreatment serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels were observed in patients with multiple myeloma and Hodgkin's disease, but not in those with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We examined patients' serum levels at diagnosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histological expression of HGF in pathological specimens of lymphoma, in relation to clinical features. The subjects were 77 NHL patients and 40 healthy controls. The serum levels of HGF in NHL patients at diagnosis were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (median 1019 vs. 689 pg/mL, P < 0.001). At diagnosis, patients with more than two sites of extranodal involvement (P = 0.001), higher scores of international prognostic index (P = 0.015), and advanced Ann Arbor stage (P = 0.023) had a higher level of serum HGF. Although the association of pretreatment serum HGF level and survival was not significant, a correlation of serial change of serum HGF levels with treatment response was found in limited cases. Furthermore, HGF expression of lymphoma tissues was shown in 18 of 24 (75%) different NHL subtypes, including most of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma (12 of 15, 80%). In conclusion, our study showed higher pretreatment serum HGF levels in NHL patients, which was related to clinical features; and the serial change of HGF seemed to parallel the treatment response. The pathogenic role of HGF in NHL patients was further highlighted by a modest expression of HGF in most of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma. [source]

Deregulation of E-cadherin,catenin complex in precancerous lesions of gastric adenocarcinoma

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
ANNIE ON-ON CHAN
Abstract Background and Aim: Decrease in expression of the E-cadherin,catenin complex is an important element in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the expression of the complex in gastric precancerous lesions has not been well studied. The present study aimed to examine the serial change in expression of E-cadherin,catenin complex in the precancerous lesions of gastric cancer patients. Methods: Gastrectomy specimens of 40 patients with gastric cancer were retrieved. Areas with chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma were identified and immunostained for ,-catenin, ,-catenin and E-cadherin. The results were scored semiquantitatively by two independent pathologists using a validated scoring system. Results: A significant decrease in score was observed in 5% (1/22) of ,-catenin, 0% (0/22) of ,-catenin and 9% (2/22) of E-cadherin in chronic atrophic gastritis patients, and in 28% (5/18) of ,-catenin, 67% (10/15) of ,-catenin and 57% (8/14) of E-cadherin in intestinal metaplasia patients. The scoring of ,-catenin, ,-catenin and E-cadherin correlated with each other. Forty-three percent of patients had concordant changes of scores along the gastritis,adenocarcinoma sequence. There was no association between Helicobacter pylori status and E-cadherin,catenin complex expression. Conclusion: Deregulation of the E-cadherin,catenin complex was observed in the majority of precancerous lesions in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, which has potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. © 2003 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd [source]

Central Pontine Signal Changes in Wilson's Disease: Distinct MRI Morphology and Sequential Changes with De-Coppering Therapy

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2007
Sanjib Sinha DM
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reports of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)-like changes in Wilson's disease (WD) and its sequential changes are exceptional. The aim was to study the MRI characteristics of CPM-like changes in WD and the serial changes. METHODS Among the 121 patients of WD, twenty (M:F:9:11, age at onset: 14.2 ± 4.6 years) had features similar to CPM. All had progressive neuropsychiatric form of WD. All except five were on de-coppering treatment. None had acute deterioration or hepatic failure. Ten patients underwent repeat studies. RESULTS Twenty patients with CPM-like changes manifested with characteristic phenotype of WD. Three distinct patterns of CPM-like changes were observed: (a) characteristic round shape -7, (b) "bisected" -9, and (c) "trisected" -4. Only one had signal changes suggesting extra-pontine myelinolysis. All patients had contiguous involvement of midbrain. Serial MRI evaluation in 10 patients, at mean interval period of 17.4 ± 13.2 months, revealed complete reversal in one, partial improvement in five, and no change in three. Clinical and MRI improvement occurred pari passu, except in one. CONCLUSIONS CPM-like changes in WD are perhaps under-recognized and are distinct from the commonly known "osmotic demyelination." It is potentially reversible similar to other MRI features of WD. [source]

New local hyperthermia using dextran magnetite complex (DM) for oral cavity: experimental study in normal hamster tongue

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 3 2001
S Wada
The possibility of dextran magnetite complex (DM) as a new hyperthermic material was examined in this study. DM suspension of 56 mg ml ,1 iron concentration was locally injected into the normal tongue of golden hamster. DM injected tongues were heated by 500 kHz alternating current (AC) magnetic field and its serial changes in temperature were recorded at 30-s intervals. The temperature of DM injected tongue was maintained at about 43.0,45.0°C for 30 min by changing the AC magnetic field intensity. While temperature elevations of the contralateral tongue and the rectum were only of minor degree. In experiment on the extent of heating area, there was correlation between volume of black stain area and amount of the injected DM suspension (Y =,18.1 + 1.94X, r= 0.931, P < 0.0001, n= 9). Histological examination after heating revealed brown uniform DM accumulation in the connective tissue between fibers of the tongue muscle. Except for vascular dilatations, no tissue damage was seen in the heated tongue. Thus, DM which has the possibility of selective and uniform heating in local hyperthermia might be useful for oral cancer therapy. [source]

Lung Function Tests in Neonates and Infants with Chronic Lung Disease: Global and Regional Ventilation Inhomogeneity

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
J. Jane Pillow FRACP
Abstract This review considers measurement of global and regional ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) in infants and young children with acute neonatal respiratory disorders and chronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI). We focus primarily on multiple-breath inert gas washout (MBW) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The literature is critically reviewed and the relevant methods, equipment, and studies are summarized, including the limitations and strengths of individual techniques, together with the availability and appropriateness of any reference data. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in using MBW to monitor lung function within individuals and between different groups. In the mechanically ventilated, sedated, and paralyzed patient, VI indices can identify serial changes occurring following exogenous surfactant. Similarly, global VI indices appear to be increased in infants with CLDI and to differentiate between infants without lung disease and those with mild, moderate, and severe lung disease following preterm birth. While EIT is a relatively new technique, recent studies suggest that it is feasible in newborn infants, and can quantitatively identify changes in regional lung ventilation following alterations to ventilator settings, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), and administration of treatments such as surfactant. As such, EIT represents one of the more exciting prospects for continuous bedside pulmonary monitoring. For both techniques, there is an urgent need to establish guidelines regarding data collection, analysis, and interpretation in infants both with and without CLDI. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Comparison between Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Selvester QRS Scoring System in Estimating Changes in Infarct Size between the Acute and Chronic Phases of Myocardial Infarction

ANNALS OF NONINVASIVE ELECTROCARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Daniël A. Geerse M.D.
Background: The Selvester QRS score was developed as a method to estimate infarct size (IS) using the ECG and has been validated during the prereperfusion era. Few comparisons exist with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ceMRI) in reperfused patients. This study evaluates the ability of the Selvester QRS score to estimate serial changes in IS during the acute and chronic phases of the infarct evolution in patients who have received reperfusion therapy. Methods: Thirteen patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent serial ceMRI studies in the acute (<1 week) and chronic phase (>2 months) after their initial myocardial infarction. QRS scoring was performed on the corresponding ECGs. The correlation between ceMRI measurement and QRS score estimation of IS was determined at both time points and for the difference between the two phases. Results: The mean IS was 20.1 ± 11.0% of total left ventricular mass (% LV) in the acute phase and 13.3 ± 6.4% LV in the chronic phase ceMRI. The mean IS estimated by Selvester QRS score in the acute and chronic phases were 18.7 ± 8.2% and 16.4 ± 8.5% LV, respectively. A modest correlation was found for the acute (r = 0.57) and chronic phase IS (r = 0.54). However, there was no correlation for the difference in IS between the acute and chronic phases. Conclusions: In this pilot study, the Selvester QRS score correlates modestly to IS by ceMRI during both the acute and chronic phases of the infarction process. The serial changes over time in the Selvester QRS score and IS by ceMRI show no correlation. [source]