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Serum Triglyceride Levels (serum + triglyceride_level)
Selected AbstractsRelationship of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size to thyroid function status in KoreansCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Chul Sik Kim Summary Objective, Dyslipidaemia is a well-known manifestation of thyroid dysfunction. Recently, small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size has been linked with development of cardiovascular disease. To better understand the effects of thyroid dysfunction on the development of cardiovascular disease, we examined LDL particle size and lipid profiles in subjects with different thyroid function. Methods, Included were 46 patients with overt hypothyroidism, 57 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, 46 patients with overt hyperthyroidism, 51 patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 110 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We measured LDL particle size and lipid profiles in these subjects. Results, No significant differences were found in LDL particle size between the groups with different thyroid function. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the cases of hypothyroidism than in the cases of hyperthyroidism and the healthy control subjects. Serum triglyceride levels were higher in subjects with overt hypothyroidism than in those with overt hyperthyroidism or healthy control subjects. Conclusions, LDL particle size, the emerging risk factor for atherosclerosis, did not appear to be significantly affected by the degree of thyroid dysfunction. Increased risk of atherosclerosis in hypothyroidism does not appear to be associated with LDL particle size, the non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor. [source] Associations Between Baseline Risk Factors and Vertebral Fracture Risk in the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) StudyJOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2004Olof Johnell Abstract Different risk factors may influence the effectiveness of osteoporosis therapies. The interaction of 30 baseline risk factors and the effectiveness of raloxifene in the MORE study were assessed. The efficacy of raloxifene in reducing vertebral fractures is largely independent of the presence of clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. Introduction: The aim of this analysis was to determine the effect of different risk factors on the effectiveness of raloxifene to reduce vertebral fractures in the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study using logistic regression models. Materials and Methods: The association was assessed using univariate analyses and a multivariate model between 30 potential risk factors at baseline and the risk of vertebral fractures after 3 years in the placebo group, as well as the interaction of risk factors with raloxifene therapy (at a dose of 60 or 120 mg/day). Results and Conclusions: In the univariate analysis of the placebo group, after adjusting for baseline lumbar spine BMD (LS BMD), short stature (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18), age (OR = 1.38), years since menopause (OR = 1.38), impaired cognitive function, visuospatial capabilities (OR = 1.19), impaired musculoskeletal strength (OR = 1.23), low femoral neck BMD (OR = 1.21), and prior vertebral fracture (OR = 4.95) were significantly associated with the incidence of new vertebral fractures. In the univariate analysis, significant interactions were observed between raloxifene treatment and age (p = 0.04), serum triglycerides (p = 0.03), LS BMD (p = 0.08), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, the effectiveness of raloxifene was independent of almost all risk factors, with the exception of baseline serum triglyceride level and LS BMD, suggesting an increased efficacy of raloxifene in patients with increased triglyceride levels (p = 0.006) and lower LS BMD values (p = 0.008) at baseline. These data suggest that the efficacy of raloxifene in reducing vertebral fractures is largely independent of the presence of clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. [source] The hepatoprotective effects of Limonium sinense against carbon tetrachloride and , -D-galactosamine intoxication in ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2003Shang-Shing Chaung Abstract In the present study, the hepatoprotective action of Limonium sinense (Plumbaginaceae) was evident after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and , -D-galactosamine (D-GalN), respectively, challenge in rats. The plant materials were divided into two parts: (1) the roots extracted with water (WRE) and (2) the leaves extracted with methanol and fractionated with chloroform (CLE). Both WRE and CLE were extremely ,avonoid-enriched extracts. In an CCl4 -induced acute liver damage study, pretreatment with WRE at 300 mg/kg i.p. and CLE at 100 mg/kg i.p. signi,cantly reduced the amino-transaminases levels of SGOT (p < 0.01) and SGPT (p < 0.01) previously increased by CCl4 intoxication. In D-GalN-induced acute liver damage study, administration of WRE (300 and 500 mg/kg) or CLE (100 mg/kg) p.o. also signi,cantly reduced the SGOT (p < 0.01) and SGPT (p < 0.01) levels previously increased by D-GalN intoxication. Furthermore, the serum triglyceride level was increased after pretreatment with WRE or CLE previously reduced by D-GalN intoxication. All of the liver function pro,les were con,rmed to have improvement of liver lesion in histopathological obsvervation. In an acute toxicity test on ICR mice, the LD50 of WRE was 777.6 mg/kg i.p. An in vitro study showed that CLE possessed a more potent cytotoxicity to human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) (EC50 = 43.1 µg/mL) than the other organic fractions, which were fractionated from methanol extracts of the leaves of L. sinense. The present results conclude that L. sinense possesses a hepatoprotective ef,cacy, and is relatively safe in rats. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Short Report: Safe and rapid resolution of severe hypertriglyceridaemia in two patients with intravenous insulinDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010J. M. Triay Diabet. Med. 27, 1080,1083 (2010) Abstract Aim, To rapidly reduce serum triglyceride to a safe serum level. Severe hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with uncontrolled diabetes, obesity and poor physical activity. Even moderate increases in triglyceride levels (> 5mmol/L) confer an increased risk of pancreatitis and coronary artery disease. We present two patients with diabetes and serum triglyceride levels of greater than 85mmol/L despite polypharmacy intervention. Method, 72-hour intravenous insulin infusion was administered. Results, Serum triglyceride levels fell to 9.4 and 4.6 mmol/L respectively, without adverse events and sustained effect over several months. Conclusion, We suggest the use of intravenous insulin infusion where lifestyle and oral drug therapies have failed can impact on severe hypertriglyceridaemia. [source] Fatty acids as metabolic mediators in innate immunityEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 10 2009A. Kopp Abstract Background, Increasing data support the hypothesis of a local and systemic crosstalk between adipocytes and monocytes mediated by fatty acids. The aim of this study was to characterize the immunomodulatory effects of a large panel of fatty acids on cytokines and chemokines in monocytic THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes. We tested whether anti-inflammatory fatty acids are able to inhibit the binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to its receptor, toll-like receptor/MD-2 (TLR4/MD-2). Materials and methods, Resistin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proteins were analysed by Western blot. A designed Flag-tagged TLR4/MD-2 fusion protein (LPS trap) was used to investigate the effect of fatty acids on binding of LPS to its receptor. In 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the correlation of serum triglyceride levels with LPS-induced monocyte activation was analysed. Results, Eleven fatty acids investigated exerted differential effects on the monocytic release of cytokines and chemokines. Eicosapentaenoic acid had potent anti-inflammatory effects on human primary monocytes and THP-1 cells; 100 and 200 ,M eicosapentaenoic acid dose-dependently inhibited LPS binding to the LPS trap. LPS-induced release of monocytic MCP-1 and TNF was significantly and positively correlated with serum triglyceride levels in 30 patients with T2D. Conclusions, Monocytic activation is differentially regulated by fatty acids and depends on triglyceride levels in T2D. The main finding of the present study shows that eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the specific binding of LPS to TLR4/MD-2. Eicosapentaenoic acid represents a new anti-inflammatory LPS-antagonist. [source] A metabolic syndrome of hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and hypercholesterolaemia in the New Zealand obese mouseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 3 2000Ortlepp Background New Zealand obese (NZO) mice exhibit a polygenic obesity associated with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia. Here we show that the strain presents additional features of a metabolic syndrome, i.e. elevated blood pressure, serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels. Materials and methods A back-cross model of NZO mice with the lean Swiss Jackson Laboratory (SJL) strain was established in order to investigate further the correlation between hypertension, obesity, serum insulin and hyperglycaemia. Results Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated at 6 weeks of age and appeared to parallel the weight gain of the animals. Serum insulin levels, presumably reflecting insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure values were significantly correlated with the body mass index (r2 = 0.707 and 0.486, respectively) in the back-cross mice. In contrast, blood pressure was only weakly correlated with serum insulin (r2 = 0.288) in non-diabetic mice, and was independent of serum insulin levels in diabetic animals. Conclusion The data are consistent with the concept that hypertension and insulin resistance are a characteristic consequence of the genetic constellation leading to obesity in the NZO strain, and that these traits reflect related mechanisms. It appears unlikely, however, that hypertension is a direct consequence of hyperinsulinaemia. [source] A specific inducible nitric oxide inhibitor, ONO-1714 attenuates inflammation-related large bowel carcinogenesis in male ApcMin/+ miceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2007Hiroyuki Kohno Abstract It is generally assumed that inflammation influences carcinogenesis. We previously reported that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) strongly enhances colon carcinogenesis in the ApcMin/+ mice and the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to this enhancement. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a selective iNOS inhibitor, ONO-1714 on colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse treated with DSS. Male C57BL/6J ApcMin/+ and Apc+/+ mice were exposed to 1% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. ONO-1714 was given to the mice at a dose level of 50 or 100 ppm in diet for 5 weeks (during the administration of DSS). The tumor inhibitory effects by ONO-1714 were assessed at week 5 by counting the incidence and multiplicity of colonic neoplasms. Additionally, we assessed serum lipid levels and colonic mRNA expression for cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, iNOS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and interleukin (IL)-1,. Feeding with ONO-1714 significantly inhibited the occurrence of colonic adenocarcinoma in a dose-dependent manner in the ApcMin/+ mice. In addition, the treatment with ONO-1714 significantly lowered the serum triglyceride levels and mRNA expression levels of COX-2, TNF, and IL-1, of colonic mucosa in the DSS-treated ApcMin/+ mice. Neither ONO-1714 nor DSS affected the colonic pathology in the Apc+/+ mice. Our findings may suggest that ONO-1714 could therefore serve as an effective agent for suppression of colitis-related colon cancer development in the ApcMin/+ mice. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Long-term Infusion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight via a Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Pathway in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the HypothalamusJOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 9 2010M. Toriya Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in learning, depression and energy metabolism. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the effects of BDNF on energy metabolism remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the neuronal pathways by which BDNF controls feeding behaviour and energy balance. Using an osmotic mini-pump, BDNF or control artificial cerebrospinal fluid was infused i.c.v. at the lateral ventricle or into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) for 12 days. Intracerebroventricular BDNF up-regulated mRNA expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and urocortin in the PVN. TrkB, the receptor for BDNF, was expressed in the PVN neurones, including those containing CRH. Both i.c.v. and intra-PVN-administered BDNF decreased food intake and body weight. These effects of BDNF on food intake and body weight were counteracted by the co-administration of ,-helical-CRH, an antagonist for the CRH and urocortin receptors CRH-R1/R2, and partly attenuated by a selective antagonist for CRH-R2 but not CRH-R1. Intracerebroventricular BDNF also decreased the subcutaneous and visceral fat mass, adipocyte size and serum triglyceride levels, which were all attenuated by ,-helical-CRH. Furthermore, BDNF decreased the respiratory quotient and raised rectal temperature, which were counteracted by ,-helical-CRH. These results indicate that the CRH-urocortin-CRH-R2 pathway in the PVN and connected areas mediates the long-term effects of BDNF to depress feeding and promote lipolysis. [source] Reduced fat oxidation and obesity risks among the Buryat of Southern Siberia,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009William R. Leonard Over the last 20 years, obesity and associated metabolic diseases have emerged as major global health problems. Among urbanizing populations of developing regions of the world, childhood undernutrition often coexists with adult overnutrition, a phenomenon known as the "dual nutritional burden". A recent work (Frisancho 2003: Am J Hum Biol 15:522,532) suggests that linear growth stunting in early childhood may contribute to adult obesity by reducing the body's ability to oxidize fat. We test central aspects of this model drawing on data from 112 adult Buryat herders (53 males; 59 females) from Southern Siberia. The results are consistent with the predictions of the model, but only for women. Shorter Buryat women (height-for-age Z -scores , ,1) have significantly lower fasting fat oxidation levels compared to their taller counterparts. Shorter women are also significantly heavier and fatter, and have higher serum lipid levels. Among all Buryat women, reduced fat oxidation is significantly correlated with percent body fatness, serum triglyceride levels, and serum leptin levels, after controlling for relevant covariates. Additionally, Buryat women with high dietary fat intakes and low fat oxidation are significantly fatter and have higher lipid and leptin levels than those with low fat intakes and high fat oxidation. These results suggest that developmental changes in fat oxidation may play a role in the origins of obesity among populations with high rates of linear growth stunting. Further longitudinal research is necessary to elucidate the pathways through which early-life undernutrition may increase risks for adulthood obesity and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] HIGH-DOSE TAURINE SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES SERUM PARAOXONASE AND ARYLESTERASE ACTIVITIES IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISMCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 9 2007Melahat Dirican SUMMARY 1Hypothyroidism is accompanied by hyperlipidaemia and oxidative stress and is associated with several complications, such as atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase activity has been reported to decrease in several situations associated with atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. In the present study, the effects of different doses of taurine on serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, as well as on the serum lipid profile, were investigated in hypothyroid rats. 2Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group 1, rats received normal rat chow and tap water; Group 2, rats received standard rat chow + 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in the drinking water; and Groups 3,5, taurine-supplemented PTU groups (standard rat chow + 0.5, 2 or 3% taurine in the drinking water, respectively, in addition to PTU). Paraoxon or phenylacetate were used as substrates to measure paraoxonase and arylesterase activity, respectively. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicators of lipid peroxidation, were determined using the thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances method. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein,cholesterol (following precipitation with dextran sulphate,magnesium chloride) were determined using enzymatic methods. 3Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were increased and plasma and tissue MDA levels and serum triglyceride levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in taurine-treated hypothyroid rats. Taurine concentrations were positively correlated with enzyme activities and negatively correlated with MDA and triglyceride levels. 4Further studies are needed to investigate the role of taurine supplementation in hypothyroidism in human subjects. [source] | ||||||||||