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Serum Lipid Levels (serum + lipid_level)
Selected AbstractsEFFECT OF A SOYBEAN PRODUCT ON SERUM LIPID LEVELS IN FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTSCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2004Kyoko Takahashi SUMMARY 1.,A dietary intervention study targeting female students by using cake containing soybean protein and isoflavone was conducted. Female students (n = 120) were divided into three Groups (A, 6.26 g of soybean protein and isoflavone at 50 mg/day; B, 1.36 g soybean protein and isoflavone 50 mg; and C, a wheat puff as placebo). Intervention period was 4 weeks. The ratio of hypercholesterol in each group indicated a high value; A: 25%, B: 17.9% and C: 24.4%. 2.,Total cholesterol as well as the rate of hypercholesterolemia decreased in Group A. The average total cholesterol significantly reduced (P < 0.001) from 242 ± 17 to 220 ± 25 mg/dL in Group A. 3.,Dietary intake of soy protein for 4 weeks could be effective in reducing CHD risk among Japanese female students with a high plasma cholesterol level. [source] Serum Lipid Levels and Cognitive Change in Late LifeJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010Chandra A. Reynolds PhD OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of lipids and lipoproteins on longitudinal cognitive performance and cognitive health in late life and to consider moderating factors such as age and sex that may clarify conflicting prior evidence. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A 16-year longitudinal study of health and cognitive aging. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred nineteen adults from the Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging aged 50 and older at first cognitive testing, including 21 twin pairs discordant for dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Up to five occasions of cognitive measurements encompassing verbal, spatial, memory, and perceptual speed domains across a 16-year span; baseline serum lipids and lipoproteins including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo)A1, apoB, total serum cholesterol, and triglycerides. RESULTS: The effect of lipids on cognitive change was most evident before age 65. In women, higher HDL-C and lower apoB and triglycerides predicted better maintenance of cognitive abilities, particularly verbal ability and perceptual speed, than age. Lipid values were less predictive of cognitive trajectories in men and, where observed, were in the contrary direction (i.e., higher total cholesterol and apoB values predicted better perceptual speed performance though faster rates of decline). In twin pairs discordant for dementia, higher total cholesterol and apoB levels were observed in the twin who subsequently developed dementia. CONCLUSION: High lipid levels may constitute a more important risk factor for cognitive health before age 65 than after. Findings for women are consistent with clinical recommendations, whereas for men, the findings correspond with earlier age-associated shifts in lipid profiles and the importance of lipid homeostasis to cognitive health. [source] Non-invasive cryolipolysisÔ for subcutaneous fat reduction does not affect serum lipid levels or liver function tests,LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 10 2009Kenneth B. Klein MD Abstract Background and Objective Cryolipolysis provides a method of non-invasive fat reduction that significantly reduces subcutaneous fat without injury to adjacent tissues. Preliminary animal and human data have suggested that cryolipolysis has no effect on serum lipid profiles or liver tests. This study was intended to more fully document any effect of this procedure on lipid and liver-related blood tests. Study Design/Materials and Methods Forty subjects with fat bulges on their flanks ("love handles") were treated bilaterally with a non-invasive device (Zeltiq Aesthetics, Pleasanton, CA) that precisely cools tissue to achieve a reduction in the fat layer. Serum lipid levels and liver tests were measured prior to treatment, and at 1 day and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. Results No meaningful changes in mean values were observed for any blood lipid level or liver test at any point over the 12-week follow-up period. Conclusion Cryolipolysis, when used for reduction of subcutaneous flank fat, is not associated with changes in serum lipids or liver test results. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:785,790, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] New criteria of normal serum lipid levels in Japanese children: The nationwide studyPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2002Tomoo Okada Abstract Aim: To make new criteria of serum lipid levels in current Japanese children using the large nationwide data provided from Japan Association of Health Service for the analysis. Methods: The subjects were schoolchildren who received screening and care programs for lifestyle related diseases since 1993,1999. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels were calculated. Serum lipid levels were analyzed by age and sex. For each serum lipid, we extracted age- and sex-specific group which the mean value was not statistically different from that in 1999 by Student's t -test analysis. Results: The level below the 75th percentile was defined to be acceptable, from the 75th to 95th to be borderline and over the 95th to be high in TC/LDLC. The level below the fifth percentile in HDLC was defined to be low and the level over the 95th percentile in TG to be high. Therefore, TC level was categorized as follows: acceptable < 190 mg/dL; borderline 190,219 mg/dL; and high > 220 mg/dL. The LDLC level was also categorized into: acceptable < 110 mg/dL; borderline 110,139 mg/dL; and high > 140 mg/dL. The cut-off value in TG was determined to be 140 mg/dL and in HDLC was 40 mg/dL. Conclusions: This new criteria should prove valuable in health strategies for rational prevention and intervention in children. It should be emphasized to provide some intervention for Japanese children immediately. [source] Axillary perifollicular xanthomatosis resembling Fox,Fordyce diseaseAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Steven Kossard SUMMARY A 40-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of intermittently pruritic pale yellow follicular papules localized to both axillae associated with decreased axillary hair growth and sweating. Skin biopsies revealed an expanded perifollicular adventitial sheath packed with xanthoma cells. There was scant lymphocytic inflammation around the follicles. Vacuolated keratinocytes were present within the infundibular region of the follicles. Serum lipid levels and serum protein electrophoresis were both normal. The features in our case overlap those described recently as a xanthomatous variant of Fox,Fordyce disease. However, in our patient the pruritus was not intense, the lesions were confined to the axillae, and the histopathological features of Fox,Fordyce disease were not confirmed. We prefer to classify our case as an axillary perifollicular xanthomatosis. It is possible that axillary perifollicular xanthomatosis is the follicular counterpart of the epidermal-based verruciform xanthomas, as both are normolipaemic and are limited to the adventitial tissue close to keratinocytes that may be the source of lipid. The finding of vacuolated keratinocytes in the infundibular region in our case may support this mechanism. [source] Comparison of additional metformin or NPH insulin to mealtime insulin lispro therapy with mealtime human insulin therapy in secondary OAD failureDIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM, Issue 6 2003Y. Altuntas Aim:, It has been found that non-fasting plasma glucose is a better marker of diabetic control than fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. The main aim of treatment of type 2 diabetic patients is to control plasma glucose and HbA1c levels. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of three different insulin regimens (group I: lispro insulin + NPH insulin, group II: lispro insulin + metformin and group III: regular insulin + NPH insulin) on overall glycaemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients with secondary oral anti-diabetic drug failure. Methods:, Sixty type 2 diabetic patients with secondary OAD failure were randomly allocated into three different treatment groups equally. There were no significant differences between groups concerning age, body mass index, diabetes duration, HbA1c and serum lipid levels at the beginning of the study. During the 6-month treatment period, blood glucose levels were determined 10 times during 24 h at pre-meal, post-prandial 1 and 2 h and at bedtime. Results:, Group I was found to be the most effective treatment regimen in controlling HbA1c levels (group I vs. group II, p = 0.013; group I vs. group III, p = 0.001; group II vs. group III, p > 0.05). When the comparison was made in each group, change in HbA1c was statistically significant for all groups (,3.18%, p = 0.001; ,2.02%, p = 0.043 and ,2.66%, p = 0.008 respectively). Group I was found to be more effective in controlling fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels measured at all times during the day when compared with group II and group III. In group II triglyceride levels were found to be significantly reduced, whereas other groups had no effect on lipids. No serious hypoglycaemic episodes were observed in any of the cases, whereas in group I hypoglycaemic episode rates were increased (,2 = 8.843, p = 0.012). Conclusions:, Lispro insulin plus NPH insulin regimen is more effective in controlling both pre- and post-prandial glucose levels and HbA1c when compared to regular insulin plus NPH insulin combination. Mealtime lispro insulin plus metformin combination therapy should also be seriously considered as an effective and alternative treatment regimen. It is worthy of attention that insulin lispro plus metformin lowered triglyceride levels. [source] Our children and the metabolic syndromeDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 7 2006Jean-Claude Desmangles Abstract The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disturbances that result in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults. Despite the lack of a uniform definition of the syndrome for children, several studies have reported an overall prevalence of 3 to 4% among children. Among obese adolescents, the prevalence can be as high as 30 to 50%. Besides insulin resistance and obesity, the intrauterine environment and genetic factors also seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome in children. In view of the current obesity epidemic and since an increasing amount of evidence shows that obesity during adolescence is significantly associated with insulin resistance, abnormal serum lipid levels, and elevated blood pressure during adulthood, there is a great need for a clear definition, for the development of screening guidelines, and for appropriate prevention and treatment strategies for the metabolic syndrome in the pediatric population. Drug Dev. Res. 67:602,606, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Growth and Lipid Metabolism in Girls and Young Women with Epilepsy during Pubertal MaturationEPILEPSIA, Issue 7 2005Kirsi Mikkonen Summary:,Purpose: To assess growth and the serum lipid profile in girls with epilepsy receiving monotherapy at a mean age of 12.6 years and approximately 6 years later. Methods: A population-based cohort of 77 girls with epilepsy and 49 healthy controls participated in this follow-up study including two cross-sectional evaluations (age range, 8,18.5 years on the first evaluation, and 12.5,25.8 years on the second evaluation). Forty of the patients were initially taking valproate (VPA), 19, carbamazepine (CBZ), and 18, oxcarbazepine (OXC). Growth data were compiled, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and serum total (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were analyzed. Results: Linear growth and final height did not differ between the patients and the controls. At follow-up, the mean BMI of the patients who were off medication (61%) was similar to that of the controls, whereas the patients initially treated with VPA who were still taking any medication had a higher BMI. On the first evaluation, the patients taking VPA had low serum HDL-C, and those taking CBZ or OXC had high serum TC and LDL-C concentrations. At follow-up, serum lipid levels were similar in the patients off medication and the controls. Conclusions: Neither epilepsy nor antiepileptic therapy affects linear growth or final height, but they may have unfavorable effects on body weight and serum lipid concentrations. Lipid-profile impairment seems to be transient if the medication is discontinued. Overweight is common in patients treated with VPA during puberty if epilepsy and medication continue into adulthood. [source] Preliminary report on effects of oxcarbazepine-treatment on serum lipid levels in childrenEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 12 2006E. Franzoni The aim of the present study was to assess serum lipid levels before and after treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC) in children with epilepsy. We measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in 28 patients whereas only TC levels in 11 patients, during baseline period and at 3 months after the beginning of therapy with OXC. During baseline period, median values were: 4.38 mmol/l (IQR = 4.12,5.03) for TC levels, 1.72 mmol/l (IQR = 1.42,2.01) for HDL-C levels and 1.54 mmol/l (IQR = 1.29,1.96) for TGs levels. At 3 months, median values were: 4.38 mmol/l (4.10,4.95) for TC levels (P < 0.05), 1.57 mmol/l (1.34,1.93) for HDL-C levels (P < 0.005) and 1.8 mmol/l (1.23,2.34) for TGs levels (P < 0.05). Median serum lipid levels remained in the normal range, despite an increasing-trend at 3 months of treatment with OXC. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results. [source] A specific inducible nitric oxide inhibitor, ONO-1714 attenuates inflammation-related large bowel carcinogenesis in male ApcMin/+ miceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2007Hiroyuki Kohno Abstract It is generally assumed that inflammation influences carcinogenesis. We previously reported that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) strongly enhances colon carcinogenesis in the ApcMin/+ mice and the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes to this enhancement. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a selective iNOS inhibitor, ONO-1714 on colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse treated with DSS. Male C57BL/6J ApcMin/+ and Apc+/+ mice were exposed to 1% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days. ONO-1714 was given to the mice at a dose level of 50 or 100 ppm in diet for 5 weeks (during the administration of DSS). The tumor inhibitory effects by ONO-1714 were assessed at week 5 by counting the incidence and multiplicity of colonic neoplasms. Additionally, we assessed serum lipid levels and colonic mRNA expression for cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, iNOS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and interleukin (IL)-1,. Feeding with ONO-1714 significantly inhibited the occurrence of colonic adenocarcinoma in a dose-dependent manner in the ApcMin/+ mice. In addition, the treatment with ONO-1714 significantly lowered the serum triglyceride levels and mRNA expression levels of COX-2, TNF, and IL-1, of colonic mucosa in the DSS-treated ApcMin/+ mice. Neither ONO-1714 nor DSS affected the colonic pathology in the Apc+/+ mice. Our findings may suggest that ONO-1714 could therefore serve as an effective agent for suppression of colitis-related colon cancer development in the ApcMin/+ mice. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] A study to evaluate the relationship between periodontitis, cardiovascular disease and serum lipid levelsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2009R Sridhar Abstract:, Background:, The search for cellular mechanisms linking periodontitis to changes in systemic health has resulted in the evolution of a new area of lipid research. So far the causality and possible pathways of the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease is obscure. Method:, A total of 120 subjects were included in the study with 30 subjects in each of the following groups: healthy group (A), chronic periodontitis group (B), coronary heart disease (CHD + periodontitis group) (C) and CHD , periodontitis group (D). All subjects underwent oral examination and their Gingival Index, Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Disease Index scores and attachment loss were recorded. Two millilitres of fasting venous blood sample was drawn and tested for the level of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride level. Results and Conclusion:, The results revealed no significant difference with respect to the lipid profile levels between the four groups. Interpreting the results of the study, periodontal disease did not cause an increase in total CHL, LDL or triglyceride levels or a decrease in the HDL levels in an otherwise systemically healthy individual or in a CHD patient. Periodontitis in a CHD patient did not seem to exacerbate the destruction of periodontal tissue. Higher triglyceride levels did not have any correlation with the severity of attachment loss in a periodontitis subject. [source] Relationship between analytic values and canine obesityJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 3 2008C. Peña Summary The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between canine body condition and metabolic parameters like serum lipids, blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. We selected 127 dogs (42 males and 85 females) that were taken to our veterinary medicine service during routine visits. The mean age was 6.67 ± 5.24 years. Body condition (BC) was measured by Laflamme scale and dogs were considered as obese when BC score was over 6. The following variables were collected: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, basal glucose and ALT. 66.1% of the dog cohort were obese. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were found to be higher (p < 0.05) in obese dogs with respect to normal weight dogs. In conclusion, obesity in dogs is associated with higher serum lipid levels. [source] Risk factors of Hong Kong Chinese patients with coronary heart diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 7 2007Sek Ying Chair RN Aims and objectives., The aims of the study were to describe the level of modifiable coronary risk factors and to explore the relationships among these risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. Background., Appropriate patient education and therapies for coronary risk reduction will prevent recurrent cardiac events and progression of coronary heart disease. Therefore, having knowledge of the risk profile of these patients is essential so that appropriate contents and focus of patient educations can be developed. Methods., Coronary heart disease patients admitted for cardiac catheterization at the two studied hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited for this study. Demographic date and risk factors of blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and exercise level were collected from subjects as well as from medical records for analysis. Results., The body mass index was significantly different among non-smoker, ex-smoker and smoker (p = 0·027). Non-smokers had the highest body mass index but smokers had the lowest body mass index among the three groups in this study. Physical inactivity, overweight and hypercholesterolaemia were the risk factors seen in about 50% of the studied subjects. Body mass index correlated positively with systolic blood pressure but negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hour of exercise. Conclusions., Heavier subjects had a higher systolic blood pressure but a lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Heavier subjects also exercised less. The study results provided additional information on the database of the risk profile among Hong Kong cardiac patients. Relevance to clinical practice., Hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, abnormal serum lipid levels and smoking are the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart diseases. As physical inactivity, overweight and hypercholesterolaemia were found in half of the studied subjects, the importance of risk factors control should be addressed to this group of patients. Nurses should be aware of their educator role to provide appropriate education to coronary heart disease patients with the focus on reducing and controlling of cardiac risk factors, which has been shown to be effective in reducing the progress of disease. [source] Effectiveness of raloxifene on bone mineral density and serum lipid levels in post-menopausal women with low BMD after discontinuation of hormone replacement therapyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 5 2006E. K. Song MS Summary Objective:, To evaluate the effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid levels in post-menopausal women who had discontinued hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods:, Thirty-four post-menopausal women with low BMD who had taken 60 mg of raloxifene daily for 12 months after discontinuing HRT were evaluated retrospectively. Information about their demographics, fracture history, BMD, lipid profiles and adverse events were collected from medical records and intranet database. The outcome measures were changes in the spine (L2,L4) and femur BMD, serum lipid concentrations, fracture rate and tolerability. Results:, The post-menopausal women had a significant increase in their spine (L2,L4) and femur BMD from their baseline BMD [spine, 2·9 ± 4·6% (P < 0·001); femur, 3·0 ± 6·6% (P = 0·01)]. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly reduced by 22·6% below baseline after 12 months (P = 0·007). No fractures were observed during therapy. Raloxifene was well tolerated. The most common adverse event was hot flash, which was generally mild. Conclusions:, Raloxifene increases BMD at important skeletal sites, and lowers LDL cholesterol with tolerable adverse events. [source] Influence of red clover-derived isoflavones on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal womenJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 6 2009Milan M. Terzic Abstract Aim:, Menopause is associated with adverse metabolic changes, especially in plasma lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Estrogens have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Phytoestrogens are plant substances that are structurally and functionally similar to 17,-estradiol and are capable of producing estrogenic effects. The goal of the present study was to estimate the effects of red clover-derived isoflavones on serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women. Methods:, The study comprised 40 healthy postmenopausal women with an average age of 56 years. The women were divided into two groups: 22 were allocated to a red clover-derived isoflavone medication group, and 18 were allocated to a non-medication group. Total blood cholesterol, cholesterol fractions and triglycerides in the women of both groups were investigated before treatment and at 4-month intervals over the following 12 months. Results:, Both total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, as well as triglyceride levels, were decreased significantly in the group receiving phytoestrogens. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol showed a significant increase. Conclusion:, Red clover phytoestrogen supplementation in postmenopausal women had favorable metabolic effects on serum lipids. Furthermore, red clover phytoestrogens have no side-effects and can be considered safe. [source] Non-invasive cryolipolysisÔ for subcutaneous fat reduction does not affect serum lipid levels or liver function tests,LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 10 2009Kenneth B. Klein MD Abstract Background and Objective Cryolipolysis provides a method of non-invasive fat reduction that significantly reduces subcutaneous fat without injury to adjacent tissues. Preliminary animal and human data have suggested that cryolipolysis has no effect on serum lipid profiles or liver tests. This study was intended to more fully document any effect of this procedure on lipid and liver-related blood tests. Study Design/Materials and Methods Forty subjects with fat bulges on their flanks ("love handles") were treated bilaterally with a non-invasive device (Zeltiq Aesthetics, Pleasanton, CA) that precisely cools tissue to achieve a reduction in the fat layer. Serum lipid levels and liver tests were measured prior to treatment, and at 1 day and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment. Results No meaningful changes in mean values were observed for any blood lipid level or liver test at any point over the 12-week follow-up period. Conclusion Cryolipolysis, when used for reduction of subcutaneous flank fat, is not associated with changes in serum lipids or liver test results. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:785,790, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] New criteria of normal serum lipid levels in Japanese children: The nationwide studyPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2002Tomoo Okada Abstract Aim: To make new criteria of serum lipid levels in current Japanese children using the large nationwide data provided from Japan Association of Health Service for the analysis. Methods: The subjects were schoolchildren who received screening and care programs for lifestyle related diseases since 1993,1999. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels were calculated. Serum lipid levels were analyzed by age and sex. For each serum lipid, we extracted age- and sex-specific group which the mean value was not statistically different from that in 1999 by Student's t -test analysis. Results: The level below the 75th percentile was defined to be acceptable, from the 75th to 95th to be borderline and over the 95th to be high in TC/LDLC. The level below the fifth percentile in HDLC was defined to be low and the level over the 95th percentile in TG to be high. Therefore, TC level was categorized as follows: acceptable < 190 mg/dL; borderline 190,219 mg/dL; and high > 220 mg/dL. The LDLC level was also categorized into: acceptable < 110 mg/dL; borderline 110,139 mg/dL; and high > 140 mg/dL. The cut-off value in TG was determined to be 140 mg/dL and in HDLC was 40 mg/dL. Conclusions: This new criteria should prove valuable in health strategies for rational prevention and intervention in children. It should be emphasized to provide some intervention for Japanese children immediately. [source] Reduced fat oxidation and obesity risks among the Buryat of Southern Siberia,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009William R. Leonard Over the last 20 years, obesity and associated metabolic diseases have emerged as major global health problems. Among urbanizing populations of developing regions of the world, childhood undernutrition often coexists with adult overnutrition, a phenomenon known as the "dual nutritional burden". A recent work (Frisancho 2003: Am J Hum Biol 15:522,532) suggests that linear growth stunting in early childhood may contribute to adult obesity by reducing the body's ability to oxidize fat. We test central aspects of this model drawing on data from 112 adult Buryat herders (53 males; 59 females) from Southern Siberia. The results are consistent with the predictions of the model, but only for women. Shorter Buryat women (height-for-age Z -scores , ,1) have significantly lower fasting fat oxidation levels compared to their taller counterparts. Shorter women are also significantly heavier and fatter, and have higher serum lipid levels. Among all Buryat women, reduced fat oxidation is significantly correlated with percent body fatness, serum triglyceride levels, and serum leptin levels, after controlling for relevant covariates. Additionally, Buryat women with high dietary fat intakes and low fat oxidation are significantly fatter and have higher lipid and leptin levels than those with low fat intakes and high fat oxidation. These results suggest that developmental changes in fat oxidation may play a role in the origins of obesity among populations with high rates of linear growth stunting. Further longitudinal research is necessary to elucidate the pathways through which early-life undernutrition may increase risks for adulthood obesity and cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Apolipoprotein E,deficient mice are resistant to the development of collagen-induced arthritisARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2010Darren L. Asquith Objective To determine whether elevated serum lipid levels resulting from feeding animals a high-fat diet can affect the inflammatory process in C57BL/6 (B6) wild-type (WT) and B6 ApoE,/, mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods Male B6 WT or ApoE,/, mice were fed either a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet. CIA was induced in mice at 12 weeks of age using type II chicken collagen, Freund's complete adjuvant, and, on occasion, a lipopolysaccharide boost. Expression levels of autoantibodies and cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex assay, respectively. Results Whereas B6 WT mice developed severe articular inflammation after collagen immunization, ApoE,/, mice developed no clinical or histologic evidence of disease regardless of whether they had been fed a high-fat diet or a normal chow diet. The fact that arthritis was not present in ApoE,/, mice did not result from inadequate production of serum IgG2a collagen antibodies, since levels observed in ApoE,/, mice were similar to those observed in arthritic B6 WT control mice. Critically, development of atherosclerosis in ApoE,/, mice was not affected by the CIA protocol. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ApoE,/, mice are resistant to the development of CIA. Intriguingly, induction of host autoimmunity in the absence of articular inflammation had no effect on atherosclerosis progression, suggesting that articular inflammatory load may be a critical risk factor in vascular pathology. [source] Risk factors for dyslipidemia in Chinese childrenACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2008Ying Liao Abstract Aim: Since the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease continues to increase, research into dyslipidemia has been emphasized in not only adults but also paediatric populations. We aimed to study the risk factors of dyslipidemia in Chinese children. Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-two children, aged 6,18 years, in Beijing were enrolled. For each child, data were collected on body height (cm), body weight (kg), sitting height (cm), waist circumference, upper arm circumference, serum lipid levels, as well as familial history of dyslipidemia and early onset cardiovascular disease. Subgroups were determined on the basis of age and sex. Results: The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 11.1% (107/962). Children with dyslipidemia differed significantly from those without, in sitting height, upper arm circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and diastolic and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis suggested that WHR, diastolic blood pressure and positive familial history were risk factors for dyslipidemia in children. Conclusion: Sitting height, upper arm circumference, BMI, WHR, diastolic pressure and systolic pressure were significantly higher in dyslipidemic children than in normal subjects in China. BMI, WHR, diastolic pressure and familial history of dyslipidemia and early-onset cardiovascular disease were risk factors for dyslipidemia in Chinese children. [source] Glucocorticoid replacement is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, elevated glucose and higher non-HDL cholesterol and may diminish the association of HDL cholesterol with the ,629C>A CETP promoter polymorphism in GH-receiving hypopituitary patientsCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Robin P. F. Dullaart Summary Objectives, The effect of glucocorticoid substitution on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components (NCEP ATP III criteria) and serum lipid levels was determined in GH-replaced hypopituitary patients. As glucocorticoid replacement is associated with a pronounced decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, we also tested associations of HDL cholesterol with the ,629C>A CETP promoter polymorphism in subjects with and without ACTH deficiency. Design and patients, In a university setting, we retrieved protocolized clinical and laboratory data from 165 adult hypopituitary patients, who had received GH for 1 year. Results, After adjustment for age, sex and smoking, non-HDL cholesterol (P = 0·05) and triglycerides (P = 0·004) were higher, but HDL cholesterol was not decreased in 117 glucocorticoid (mainly cortisone acetate in two divided doses) receiving subjects compared to 48 ACTH-sufficient subjects. The prevalence of elevated plasma glucose and/or diabetes (P = 0·04) and hypertriglyceridaemia (P = 0·005), but not of other metabolic syndrome components, was higher in glucocorticoid-replaced subjects. HDL cholesterol was higher in ,629 A allele carriers compared to ,629CC homozygotes in ACTH-sufficient subjects (P = 0·04), but not in glucocorticoid-treated subjects (P = 0·13). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that only in ACTH-sufficient subjects, HDL cholesterol was independently related to this CETP gene variation (P = 0·03). Conclusions, In GH- and glucocorticoid-replaced hypopituitary patients, serum non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides are higher and the prevalence of hyperglycaemia is increased, but HDL cholesterol is not decreased. Conventional glucocorticoid replacement appears to diminish the association of HDL cholesterol with a common CETP gene variation. [source] Steroid avoidance in renal transplantation using basiliximab induction, cyclosporine-based immunosuppression and protocol biopsiesCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 1 2005Mysore S Anil Kumar Abstract:, Background:, Reducing chronic steroid exposure is important to minimize steroid-related morbidity, particularly for susceptible renal transplant recipients. Steroid-free and steroid-sparing protocols have shown benefits, but safety has not been established for all populations. We investigated the safety of steroid avoidance (SA) in a population including African-Americans, using modern immunosuppression with protocol biopsy monitoring. Methods:, A randomized-controlled SA trial (early discontinuation, days 2,7) was conducted in a population (n = 77) including African-Americans and cadaveric kidney recipients. Patients received basiliximab, cyclosporine (CsA), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In controls, steroids were tapered to 5 mg prednisone/d by day 30. Protocol biopsies were performed (1, 6, 12 and 24 months) to evaluate subclinical acute rejection (SCAR) and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Results:, The SA did not result in significantly higher incidences of graft loss, AR, SCAR, CAN, or renal fibrosis. SA patients experienced similar renal function, comparable serum lipid levels, and a trend toward fewer cases of new-onset diabetes. Clinical outcomes of African-American and non-African-American patients did not significantly differ. Conclusions:, The SA is safe in the context of basiliximab induction and CsA-based immunosuppression. This protocol could minimize steroid-related side effects in susceptible groups, including African-Americans, without increasing the risk of AR or graft failure. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||