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Serum IL-6 Levels (serum + il-6_level)

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Medical Sciences	100%

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Interleukin-6 predicts recurrence and survival among head and neck cancer patients,

CANCER, Issue 4 2008
Sonia A. Duffy PhD
Abstract BACKGROUND. Increased pretreatment serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, but sample sizes in prior studies have been small and thus unable to control for other known prognostic variables. METHODS. A longitudinal, prospective cohort study determined the correlation between pretreatment serum IL-6 levels, and tumor recurrence and all-cause survival in a large population (N = 444) of previously untreated HNSCC patients. Control variables included age, sex, smoking, cancer site and stage, and comorbidities. Kaplan-Meier plots and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the association between IL-6 levels, control variables, and time to recurrence and survival. RESULTS. The median serum IL-6 level was 13 pg/mL (range, 0-453). The 2-year recurrence rate was 35.2% (standard error, 2.67%). The 2-year death rate was 26.5% (standard error, 2.26%). Multivariate analyses showed that serum IL-6 levels independently predicted recurrence at significant levels [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 1.58; P = .002] as did cancer site (oral/sinus). Serum IL-6 level was also a significant independent predictor of poor survival (HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.46; P = .03), as were older age, smoking, cancer site (oral/sinus), higher cancer stage, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS. Pretreatment serum IL-6 could be a valuable biomarker for predicting recurrence and overall survival among HNSCC patients. Using IL-6 as a biomarker for recurrence and survival may allow for earlier identification and treatment of disease relapse. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society. [source]

Predictors of Interleukin-6 Elevation in Older Adults

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2009
Shuhan Zhu BS
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the characteristics of older adults who develop high interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels at 3-year follow-up. DESIGN: Population-based study of adults living in Tuscany, Italy. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 and older and were selected for this study. Of 1,155 baseline participants aged 65 and older, 741 had IL-6 measurements at baseline and 3-year follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: The uppermost quartile of IL-6 was used as the threshold for defining high IL-6 (,4.18 pg/mL). Serum IL-6 levels were assessed using enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Of the 581 participants with IL-6 levels less than 4.18 pg/mL at baseline, 106 (18.2%) had developed high IL-6 at follow-up. Although women had lower IL-6 levels at baseline than men, the risk of developing high IL-6 did not differ according to sex. High adiposity, defined as a body mass index of 30.0 kg/m2 or higher (odds ratio (OR)=2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40,4.96), and large waist circumference, defined as 102 cm or greater for men and 88 cm or greater for women (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.24,3.40), were significant predictors of developing high IL-6 at follow-up. Other significant predictors were presence of three or more chronic diseases (OR=3.66, 95% CI=1.54,8.70), higher baseline IL-6 (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.39,2.38) and higher white blood cell count (OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.06,1.45). Faster walking speed associated with decreased risk of progressing to elevated IL-6 (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.74,0.92). CONCLUSION: Older age, greater adiposity, slower walking speed, higher disease burden, and higher white blood cell count were associated with greater risk of IL-6 elevation over a 3-year period. Future research should target older adults with these characteristics to prevent progression to a proinflammatory state. [source]

Serum interleukin-6 is elevated in symptomatic carotid bifurcation disease

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2009
M. Koutouzis
Introduction,,, The levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines may express the extent of the inflammatory response and their participation in plaque progression and rupture needs to be evaluated. We aimed to investigate differences in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and in plaque infiltration by macrophages between patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease. Methods,,, One hundred nineteen patients (91 men and 28 women; mean age 66 ± 8 years; range 42,83 years) who underwent carotid endarterectomy for significant (>70%) carotid bifurcation stenosis were enrolled in this study. Patients were characterized as symptomatic (n = 62) or asymptomatic (n = 57) after neurological examination. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,), IL-1,, serum amyloid A (SAA), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated. Macrophage infiltration of the plaque was assessed quantitatively from endarterectomy specimens using the monoclonal antibody CD68. Results,,, Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with symptomatic compared with those with asymptomatic carotid disease (3.3 [2.0,6.5] pg/ml vs 2.5 [1.9,4.1] pg/ml, P = 0.02). TNF-,, IL-1,, SAA, and hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. Symptomatic patients had also more intense macrophage accumulation in the carotid plaque compared with asymptomatic patients (0.6 ± 0.1% vs 0.4 ± 0.1%, P < 0.001). Although there were correlations between the levels of the different inflammatory markers, there were no correlation between any of them and the extent of plaque macrophage infiltration. Conclusion,,, Patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease have elevated serum IL-6 levels compared with asymptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients have also more intense macrophage infiltration of the atherosclerotic plaque suggesting that inflammatory process may contribute to the destabilization of the carotid plaque. [source]

The extent of periodontal disease and the IL-6,174 genotype as determinants of serum IL-6 level

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 12 2007
Taina Raunio
Abstract Aim: To study the extent of periodontal disease and the IL-6,174 genotype as determinants of serum and mouthwash IL-6 concentration in subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease. Material and Methods: Fifty-two generally healthy subjects volunteered to participate. Probing pocket depth (PD) and periodontal attachment level (AL) were clinically examined and alveolar bone level (BL) was measured on orthopantomographs. IL-6 concentrations in mouthwash, collected by rinsing with 3 ml saline for 30 s and in serum, obtained by venipuncture, were measured using ELISA. IL-6,174 polymorphism was studied using a polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eleven subjects carried the GG genotype, and 41 subjects, carried the CG/CC genotype. The mean (± SD) concentration of IL-6 in serum was 1.6 (± 1.5) pg/ml and, 2.8 (± 5.04) pg/ml in mouthwash. The serum concentration of IL-6 was higher in subjects with the GG genotype than with the CG/CC genotype. In regression analyses the percentages of sites with PD6 mm, AL6 mm and BL8 mm, the IL-6,174 genotype, body mass index and gender associated significantly with serum IL-6 concentration. Conclusions: The extent of moderate to severe periodontal disease and the IL-6,174 genotype contribute significantly to serum IL-6 concentration. [source]

Serum interleukin-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum interleukin-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of recurrent aphthous ulcerations

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 3 2004
Andy Sun
Background:, Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) are common oral inflammatory lesions. Interleukin (IL)-8 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of host response to injury and inflammation. Our recent study has found that measurement of serum IL-6 level can detect only 24% RAU patients with an abnormal serum level. In this study, we examined both the serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in a group of RAU patients. The abilities of IL-6 and IL-8 to detect patients with an abnormal serum level were compared in order to find out whether IL-8 was a more sensitive serum marker than IL-6 in monitoring the disease activity of RAU. Methods:, In this study, we used a solid-phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in 146 patients with RAU, 9 patients with traumatic ulcers (TU), and 54 normal control (NC) subjects. Eighty-two RAU patients, with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration, were treated with levamisole for 0.5,3.5 months, and their serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured after treatment. Results:, We found that 25% (37/146) RAU patients, as well as 33% (20/61) major-type, 19% (13/69) minor-type, and 25% (4/16) herpetiform-type RAU patients, had a serum level of IL-6 greater than the upper normal limit of 4.7 pg/ml. In contrast, 60% (87/146) RAU patients, as well as 59% (36/61) major-type, 59% (41/69) minor-type, and 63% (10/16) herpetiform-type RAU patients, had a serum level of IL-8 greater than the upper normal limit of 8.7 pg/ml. In 82 RAU patients with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration, treatment with levamisole for a period of 0.5,3.5 months could significantly reduce the serum IL-6 level from 12.0 ± 1.6 to 3.0 ± 0.5 pg/ml (P < 0.001), and could significantly lower the serum IL-8 level from 70.9 ± 11.2 to 13.8 ± 3.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001). Conclusions:, Because measurement of serum IL-8 level can detect 60% RAU patients with an abnormal serum level, while measurement of serum IL-6 level can detect only 25% RAU patients with an abnormal serum level, we conclude that serum IL-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum IL-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of RAU. Levamisole can modulate both the serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in RAU patients. IL-8, like IL-6, is also a useful serum marker in evaluating therapeutic effects of levamisole on RAU patients. [source]

Role of T cells in a murine model of Escherichia coli sepsis

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 11 2007
Sandrijn
Abstract To study the role of T cells in gram-negative sepsis, we developed a mouse model in which i.v. injection of Escherichia coli results in severe systemic illness, with high mortality rates after day,5. A large proportion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are activated within 1,day after infection, as evidenced by up-regulation of CD69 and down-regulation of CD62L. Even more surprisingly, T cell-deficient mice exhibit markedly decreased disease severity compared to WT mice, indicating a pathogenic role of T cells. Mice lacking IFN-, also show diminished disease, and exhibit reduced T cell activation. Therefore, the pathogenic role of T cells may be mediated by IFN-,. Both T cell- and IFN-,-deficient mice have reduced serum IL-6 levels compared to WT mice, suggesting that T cells may stimulate innate immune responses, resulting in enhancement of disease. These data indicate an important role for T cells in a mouse model of E.,coli sepsis, and reveal an unexpected early and pathogenic T cell response to this bacterial infection. [source]

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Serum IL-6 Level May Have Role in the Pathophysiology of Unexplained Infertility

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Bulent Demir
Problem, The aim of this study was to compare the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 of women with unexplained infertility with fertile subjects. Method of study, Serum IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,) levels of 45 infertile and 44 fertile women on day 3 of menstrual cycle were assessed and compared for this prospective controlled study. Results, The mean serum IL-6 level was significantly higher in women with unexplained infertility, compared with fertile women (5.71 ± 1.81 and 4.31 ± 1.79, P < 0.001, Student's t -test). There was no significant difference in TNF-, level among the groups. Conclusion, Significant difference in serum IL-6 levels between unexplained infertile and fertile women suggests that this cytokine may be involved in pathophysiology of unexplained infertility. [source]