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Serum IgE Concentration (serum + ige_concentration)
Selected AbstractsMethods for the identi,cation of chemical respiratory allergens in rodents: comparisons of cytokine pro,ling with induced changes in serum IgEJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 4 2003R. J. Dearman Abstract No validated or widely recognized test methods are currently available for the prospective identi,cation of chemicals with the potential to cause respiratory allergy. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in the induction of chemical sensitization of the respiratory tract are unclear, although there is evidence for the selective development of T helper 2 (Th2)-type responses and, in some cases, the production of IgE antibody. We have therefore examined the utility of cytokine pro,ling using BALB/c mice, together with the measurement of induced increases in the total serum concentration of IgE in the Brown Norway (BN) rat, as markers for the prospective identi,cation of chemical respiratory allergens. Responses provoked by the reference respiratory allergen trimellitic anhydride (TMA) have been compared with those stimulated by the respiratory sensitizing diisocyanates toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and by the acid anhydride hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA). Topical exposure of BN rats to TMA, TDI and HHPA each provoked marked immune activation (increases in lymph node cellularity and proliferation). However, only treatment with TMA stimulated vigorous increases in the total serum concentration of IgE. In contrast, exposure to HHPA, TDI or HDI failed to provoke signi,cant changes in serum IgE concentration or induced only transient and relatively weak increases in serum IgE levels. In parallel experiments using BALB/c strain mice, however, topical application of all four chemical respiratory allergens provoked a marked Th2-type cytokine secretion pro,le in draining lymph node cells. These data suggest that the measurement of induced changes in serum IgE is not suf,ciently sensitive for the robust identi,cation of chemical respiratory allergens. Furthermore, irrespective of the reasons for variations in TMA-induced IgE production among BN rats, doubts remain regarding the utility of these animals for the characterization of immune responses to chemical allergens. Cytokine pro,ling using the BALB/c strain mouse apparently provides a more robust method for the hazard assessment of chemical respiratory allergens. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Induced changes in total serum IgE concentration in the Brown Norway rat: potential for identification of chemical respiratory allergensJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2002E. V. Warbrick Abstract A variety of chemicals can cause sensitization of the respiratory tract and occupational asthma that may be associated with IgE antibody production. Topical exposure to chemical respiratory allergens such as trimellitic anhydride (TMA) has been shown previously to induce increases in the total serum concentration of IgE in BALB/c strain mice. Contact allergens such as 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), which apparently lack respiratory sensitizing potential, fail to provoke similar changes. However, it became apparent with time that there was some inter-animal variation in constitutive and inducible IgE levels. We have now examined the influence of topical exposure to TMA and DNCB on serum IgE levels in the Brown Norway (BN) rat. Such animals can be bled serially and thus it is possible to perform longitudinal analyses of changes in serum IgE concentration. The kinetics of IgE responses therefore can be followed on an individual animal basis, allowing discrimination between transient and sustained increases in serum IgE concentration. Rats (n = 5) were exposed on shaved flanks to 50% TMA, to 1% DNCB (concentrations that elicit comparable immune activation with respect to draining lymph node cellularity and proliferation) or to vehicle alone. Total IgE was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples taken prior to and 14,42 days following initial exposure. Those animals having high pre-existing IgE levels (>1.0 µg ml,1) were excluded from subsequent analyses. The levels of serum IgE in the majority of rats exposed to DNCB or vehicle alone remained relatively stable throughout the duration of all the experiments conducted, although some animals displayed transient increases in serum IgE. Only TMA treatment was associated with a significant and sustained increase in the level of serum IgE in the majority of experiments. The elevated concentrations of IgE induced by topical exposure to TMA are persistent, the results reported here demonstrating that induced changes in IgE are maximal or near maximal at approximately 35 days, with a significant increase in IgE demonstrable for at least 42 days following the initiation of exposure. Interestingly, although TMA and DNCB at the test concentrations used were found to be of comparable overall immunogenicity with regard to lymph node activation and the induction of lymph node cell proliferation, there were apparent differences in humoral immune responses. Thus, not only did exposure to TMA stimulate increases in total serum IgE concentration and the production of specific IgE antibody, but also a more vigorous IgG antibody response was provoked by TMA compared with DNCB. These data suggest that the measurement of induced changes in serum IgE concentration in the BN strain of rat is able to differentiate between different classes of chemical allergen. Given the inter-animal variation in IgE production, it would be prudent to incorporate a concurrent assessment of responses induced by treatment with TMA as a positive control against which to assess the activity of other test materials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Fc,RI, gene (FCER1A) promoter polymorphisms and total serum IgE levels in Japanese atopic dermatitis patientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS, Issue 2 2010Y. Niwa Summary Two promoter polymorphisms of the high-affinity IgE receptor ,-subunit (Fc,RI,) gene (FCER1A), ,66T>C (rs2251746) and ,315C>T (rs2427827), were analysed in Japanese atopic dermatitis subjects. Patients with the ,315CT/TT genotype tended to have higher total serum IgE levels, while the proportion of ,315CT/TT genotype or the ,315T allele was significantly higher in those with highly elevated total serum IgE concentrations. [source] Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IgE , a significant but nonlinear relationshipALLERGY, Issue 4 2009E. Hyppönen Background:, Hormonal vitamin D system affects the determination of T-cell responses. It is unknown if there is an association between vitamin D status and allergic conditions. Our aim was to investigate differences in serum IgE concentrations by vitamin D status [measured by 25(OH)D] and by a genetic variation in a key vitamin D activation enzyme (CYP27B1) previously shown to be associated with type 1 diabetes. Methods:, 9377 participants in the 1958 British birth cohort completed a biomedical assessment at 45 years of age ; 7288 eligible participants had data on 25(OH)D and IgE, with 6429 having further information on CYP27B1 genotype (,1260C>A). Results:, There was a nonlinear association between 25(OH)D and IgE (P -value for curvature = 0.0001). Compared with the reference group with the lowest IgE concentrations [25(OH)D 100,125 nmol/l], IgE concentrations were 29% higher (95% CI 9,48%) for participants with the 25(OH)D <25 nmol/l, and 56% higher (95% CI 17,95%) for participants with 25(OH)D >135 nmol/l (adjusted for sex, month, smoking, alcohol consumption, time spent outside, geographical location, social class, PC/TV time, physical activity, body mass index and waist circumference). CYP27B1 genotype was associated with both 25(OH)D (difference for A vs. C allele: 1.88%, 95% CI 0.37,3.4%, P = 0.01) and IgE concentrations (,6.59%, ,11.6% to ,1.42%, P = 0.01). Conclusions:, These data suggest that there may be a threshold effect with both low and high 25(OH)D levels associated with elevated IgE concentrations. The same CYP27B1 allele that is protective of diabetes was associated with increased IgE concentrations. [source] Eosinophil cationic protein in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Predictive value for subsequent development of persistent wheezingPEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Massimo Pifferi MD Abstract Infants with acute bronchiolitis during the first months of life are at increased risk of developing persistent wheezing and bronchial asthma later in life. The study of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) suggests that eosinophil-related inflammatory mechanisms may play a role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. The aim of our study was to verify whether serum ECP (s-ECP) measurements are useful in predicting the development of persistent wheezing in children affected by RSV bronchiolitis during a 5 years follow-up period. Forty-eight infants were enrolled prospectively (mean age: 153.5 days). All had a clinical and radiological diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis and confirmed RSV infection. Peripheral eosinophil counts, levels of s-ECP, and serum IgE concentrations were measured during bronchiolitis. Five years later the children were re-evaluated in regard to their respiratory symptoms (standardized questionnaires) and atopic status (specific IgE levels). We observed significantly higher s-ECP levels (P <,0.001) at enrollment in subjects who developed persistent wheezing compared to subjects who did not show late wheezing. Initial s-ECP values allowed significant and correct prediction of persistent wheezing (P <,0.001). The risk to develop respiratory symptoms was 9.73 higher for infants with s-ECP levels ,,8,,g/L than for those with s-ECP levels <8,,g/L (P <,0.0001). In conclusion, our study suggests that s-ECP levels in infants with bronchiolitis are useful in predicting the risk to develop wheezing in the subsequent 5 years. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 31:419,424. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Extended-stay hospitalization for childhood asthma in JapanPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2009Hidekazu Tani Abstract Background:, While recent advances in asthma management have enabled adequate control to be frequently achieved in outpatient settings, children whose asthma remains poorly controlled despite outpatient treatment are often referred to extended-stay hospitals. The aim of the present study was to examine trends concerning extended-stay hospitalization and to evaluate the present status of this approach. Methods:, A retrospective study was conducted to assess changes in the number of admissions among 408 children with extended stays at Kamiamakusa General Hospital between 1989 and 2005. Medical and laboratory data of 236 patients admitted since 1994 were obtained from clinical records. Results:, The number of children with extended-stay hospitalizations since 2000 declined dramatically compared with the early 1990s, while the percentage of patients with complications of childhood asthma, such as severe atopic dermatitis, school absenteeism, and obesity, have increased significantly in the recent past. Practical benefits of extended-stay hospitalization were demonstrated by significant improvement of exercise performance and measurement of pulmonary function parameters and serum IgE concentrations by time of discharge. In addition to improvement in asthmatic symptoms, maintenance drug requirements and frequency of school absenteeism were reduced. Conclusions:, The medical mission of extended-stay hospitalizations is currently limited due to the availability of improved pharmacotherapy. Some patients, however, with exceptionally severe asthma or psychological problems that interact with their medical condition still fare poorly under outpatient care and could benefit from group care. Further study is needed to identify the components of long-term programs essential to produce change. [source] | ||||||||||