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Serogroup C (serogroup + c)
Kinds of Serogroup C Selected AbstractsPrevalence of de- O -acetylated serogroup C meningococci before the introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines in the United KingdomFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Ray Borrow Abstract Meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines have been introduced in the UK to combat the rise in serogroup C meningococcal disease. Serogroup C meningococci may occur naturally expressing either O -acetylated (Oac+) or de- O -acetylated (Oac,) polysaccharide capsules. In a small study in the USA in the 1970s 15% of serogroup C meningococcal case isolates were reported to be Oac, though the prevalence of these Oac, isolates has not been recorded in the UK. This is of interest as the first MCC vaccines to be introduced are Oac+ and the potential impact of this on Oac, serogroup C isolates is unclear. Serogroup C isolates submitted to the Public Health Laboratory Service Meningococcal Reference Unit in January 1998 (n=113) and January 1999 (n=162) were investigated by dot blotting using monoclonals specific for Oac+ and Oac, serogroup C polysaccharides. This revealed 12% Oac, isolates for both January 1998 and January 1999. The proportion of fatal cases was found to similar for both Oac, and Oac+, 14 and 9% for 1998 and 5 and 3% for 1999, indicating that the pathogenic potential of these Oac, isolates is similar to Oac+. The acetylation status of serogroup C isolates needs to be monitored throughout and after the introduction of MCC vaccines. [source] Safety and preliminary immunogenicity of MenC/P64k, a meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine with a new recombinant carrierFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Antonio E. Pérez Abstract This study reports the preliminary assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of the first serogroup C conjugate vaccine candidate that includes meningococcal P64k recombinant protein as the carrier (MenC/P64k). Twenty volunteers were recruited for a double-blind, randomized, controlled phase I clinical trial, receiving a single dose of MenC/P64k (study group) and a single dose of the commercial polysaccharide vaccine AC (control group). Only mild reactions were observed. No statistical differences were detected between the antipolysaccharide C IgG responses of both groups as well as between bactericidal serum titre (P>0.05). The MenC/P64k vaccine was found to have a good safety profile, to be well tolerated and immunogenic. [source] Bordetella pertussis fimbriae are effective carrier proteins in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C conjugate vaccinesFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Karen M Reddin Abstract Serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccines generally use diphtheria or tetanus toxoids as the protein carriers. The use of alternative carrier proteins may allow multivalent conjugate vaccines to be formulated into a single injection and circumvent potential problems of immune suppression in primed individuals. Bordetella pertussis fimbriae were assessed as carrier proteins for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C polysaccharide. Fimbriae were conjugated to the polysaccharide using modifications of published methods and characterised by size exclusion chromatography; co-elution of protein and polysaccharide moieties confirmed conjugation. The conjugates elicited boostable IgG responses to fimbriae and serogroup C polysaccharide in mice, and IgG:IgM ratios indicated that the responses were thymus-dependent. High bactericidal antibody titres against a serogroup C strain of N. meningitidis were also observed. In a mouse infection model, the conjugate vaccine protected against lethal infection with N. meningitidis. Therefore, B. pertussis fimbriae are effective carrier proteins for meningococcal serogroup C polysaccharide and could produce a vaccine to protect against meningococcal disease and to augment protection against pertussis. [source] Prevalence of de- O -acetylated serogroup C meningococci before the introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines in the United KingdomFEMS IMMUNOLOGY & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Ray Borrow Abstract Meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines have been introduced in the UK to combat the rise in serogroup C meningococcal disease. Serogroup C meningococci may occur naturally expressing either O -acetylated (Oac+) or de- O -acetylated (Oac,) polysaccharide capsules. In a small study in the USA in the 1970s 15% of serogroup C meningococcal case isolates were reported to be Oac, though the prevalence of these Oac, isolates has not been recorded in the UK. This is of interest as the first MCC vaccines to be introduced are Oac+ and the potential impact of this on Oac, serogroup C isolates is unclear. Serogroup C isolates submitted to the Public Health Laboratory Service Meningococcal Reference Unit in January 1998 (n=113) and January 1999 (n=162) were investigated by dot blotting using monoclonals specific for Oac+ and Oac, serogroup C polysaccharides. This revealed 12% Oac, isolates for both January 1998 and January 1999. The proportion of fatal cases was found to similar for both Oac, and Oac+, 14 and 9% for 1998 and 5 and 3% for 1999, indicating that the pathogenic potential of these Oac, isolates is similar to Oac+. The acetylation status of serogroup C isolates needs to be monitored throughout and after the introduction of MCC vaccines. [source] Induction of a protective capsular polysaccharide antibody response to a multiepitope DNA vaccine encoding a peptide mimic of meningococcal serogroup C capsular polysaccharideIMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Deborah M. Prinz Summary Systemic infection by encapsulated organisms, such as Neisseria meningitidis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in individuals less than 2 years of age. Antibodies directed at the capsular polysaccharide are shown to be protective against disease by inducing complement-dependent bactericidal activity. The current polysaccharide vaccine has been shown to be poorly immunogenic in high-risk groups and this is probably related to its T-independent properties. An alternative approach to eliciting a T-dependent serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to encapsulated pathogens is DNA vaccination. We assessed the immunogenicity of a multiepitope DNA vaccine encoding a T-cell helper epitope and a peptide mimic of N. meningitidis serogroup C. The DNA construct induced a significant anti-polysaccharide antibody response that was bactericidal. Mice immunized with the DNA construct were subsequently protected against challenge with a lethal dose of N. meningitidis serogroup C. [source] Safety and efficacy of meningococcal c vaccination in juvenile idiopathic arthritisARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2007Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon Objective To determine whether vaccinations aggravate the course of autoimmune diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and whether the immune response to vaccinations may be hampered by immunosuppressive therapy for the underlying disease. Methods In this multicenter cohort study, 234 patients with JIA (ages 1,19 years) were vaccinated with meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate to protect against serogroup C disease (caused by Neisseria meningitidis). Patients were followed up for disease activity for 1 year, from 6 months before until 6 months after vaccination. IgG antibody titers against MenC polysaccharide and the tetanus carrier protein were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and toxin binding inhibition assay, respectively. A serum bactericidal assay was performed to determine the function of the anti-MenC antibodies. Results No change in values for any of the 6 components of the core set criteria for juvenile arthritis disease activity was seen after MenC vaccination. Moreover, no increase in the frequency of disease relapse was detected. Mean anti-MenC IgG concentrations in JIA patients rose significantly within 6,12 weeks after vaccination. Of 157 patients tested, 153 were able to mount anti-MenC IgG serum levels >2 ,g/ml, including patients receiving highly immunosuppressive medication. The 4 patients with a lower anti-MenC antibody response displayed sufficient bactericidal activity despite receiving highly immunosuppressive medication. Conclusion The MenC conjugate vaccine does not aggravate JIA disease activity or increase relapse frequency and results in adequate antibody levels, even in patients receiving highly immunosuppressive medication. Therefore, patients with JIA can be vaccinated safely and effectively with the MenC conjugate. [source] Mode of splenectomy and immunogenicity of meningococcal vaccination in patients with hereditary spherocytosis,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 4 2008G. A. Stoehr Background: Splenectomy predisposes patients to invasive disease from pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae; immunization is mandatory. However, data on the impact of the splenectomy on vaccine immunogenicity are scarce. Methods: A total of 41 children with hereditary spherocytosis (aged 5·8,14·4 years) had complete (16) or near-total (25) splenectomy. All received one dose of monovalent meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MCV-C) and, 2 months later, a tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-ACWY). Serum bactericidal activity and antibodies against serogroups A and C were determined before and after they received MCV-C, and 4 weeks after they received MPV-ACWY. Results: Before vaccination, only four of the 16 children who had a complete splenectomy were protected against serogroup A, compared with 15 of the 25 who had near-total splenectomy (P < 0·050), with the latter responding to immunization with significantly higher serogroup A serum bactericidal activity: geometric mean (95 per cent confidence interval) 1625.5 (49.9 to 3201.1) versus 980.6 (2.00 to 6204.1) (P < 0·050). All patients achieved putative protective serum bactericidal activity titres (at least 8) against serogroup C. Conclusion: Near-total splenectomy provides a favourable immunological basis for natural and vaccine-induced protection against meningococcal serogroup A and C infections. Sequential meningococcal vaccination is immunogenic in patients splenectomized for hereditary spherocytosis. Copyright © 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Coverage of recommended vaccines in children at 7,8 years of age in Flanders, BelgiumACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2009Heidi Theeten Abstract Aim:, Evaluation of the coverage of primary diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), poliomyelitis, hepatitis B (HBV) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine doses recommended before the age of 18 months in 7-year-old school children in Flanders, Belgium. Meningococcal serogroup C and DT-polio vaccines offered respectively as catch-up and booster vaccinations were also evaluated. Methods:, Parents of 792 children born in Flanders in 1997 and selected by cluster sampling were interviewed at home in 2005. Vaccination data since infancy were collected retrospectively from vaccination documents and school health records. Results:, Coverage rates were 88.0% for the first dose of MMR, and 72.0%, 84.2% and 91.4% for the recommended HBV, DTP and poliomyelitis primary vaccine doses, respectively. These rates included catch-up of missed infant MMR (4.9%) and HBV (6.4%) vaccinations. In addition, 88.3% of the target group received the DT-polio booster dose recommended at 6 years of age and 83.1% a meningococcal C vaccine dose. Preventive public health services as well as private physicians were involved to a varying extent. A lower socioeconomic status of the family was associated with a higher risk of nonvaccination. Conclusion:, Vaccinators in Flanders reach children relatively well during infancy and at school age, but catch-up of missed infant vaccine doses, especially MMR, should be optimized. [source] | ||||||||||