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Sensory Aspects (sensory + aspect)
Selected AbstractsA New Frontier in Soy Bioactive Peptides that May Prevent Age-related Chronic DiseasesCOMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY, Issue 4 2005Wenyi Wang ABSTRACT During gastrointestinal digestion or food processing of proteins, small peptides can be released and may act as regulatory compounds with hormone-like activities. Numerous biologically active peptides (bioactive peptides) have been identified. Most bioactive peptides are derived from milk and dairy products, with the most common being angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Soybean protein and soybean derived peptides also play an important role in soybean physiological activities, particularly those related to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the bioactive potential of soybean derived bioactive peptides is yet to be fully appreciated. After a general introduction of approaches and advances in bioactive peptides from food sources, this review focuses on bioactive peptides derived from soybean proteins and their physiological properties. Technological approaches to generate bioactive peptides, their isolation, purification, characterization, and quantification, and further application in food and drug design are also presented. Safety concerns, such as potential toxicity, allergenicity, and sensory aspect of these peptides are likewise discussed. [source] Long-term follow-up of children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy I: functional aspectsDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 3 2007Christina Strömbeck MD The aims of this study were to describe the development of sequelae in obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) and to identify possible differences in functional outcome from 5 years of age to follow-up, 2 to 15 years later. A cohort of 70 participants (35 males, 35 females; age range 7-20y, mean 13y 6mo [SD 4y 3mo], median 13y) with OBPP of varying degrees of severity were monitored. Differences in status between 5 years of age and follow-up were studied. Active joint motion in the shoulder and hand function, especially grip strength, generally remained unchanged or improved, whereas a slight but significant deterioration occurred in elbow function. Shoulder surgery resulted in considerable improvement of shoulder function. Participants with nerve reconstruction had a similar profile of change as the non-operated group. It was concluded that ongoing follow-up of children with OBPP, beyond the preschool years, is required due to decreases in elbow function, a commonly occurring restriction in external rotation of the shoulder, together with individual variations in long-term outcomes. In a related article (part II: neurophysiological aspects) long-term neurophysiological and sensory aspects of OBPP are reported. [source] The ontogeny of postingestive inhibitory stimuli: Examining the role of CCKDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Aron Weller Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits food intake in adults. This paper describes research examining the ability of CCK to affect feeding in infant rats and the role of CCK in the developmentally emerging ability of the rat pup to inhibit ingestion in response to sensory characteristics of food. First, data will be described from studies that asked if the CCK system is functional in preweanling rats. Specifically, these studies examined whether exogenous and endogenous CCK can decrease intake of the infant rat during independent ingestion (of a milk diet, away from the dam). In addition, the ability of exogenous CCK to activate central feeding-control areas in the brain stem and hypothalamus in infant rats was examined by C-FOS staining. Next, experiments examining which specific intake-inhibitory sensory aspects of food are mediated by CCK will be described. The volume, hypertonicity, fat, carbohydrate and protein content of a preload were separately manipulated in different studies, followed closely by a 30-min test meal. The selective CCK1 receptor antagonist devazepide was used to assess CCK mediation of the control of intake produced by particular sensory aspects of food, at the earliest age in which this ability to control intake appears. Finally, the pattern of independent ingestion in infant OLETF rats lacking CCK1 receptors was examined. The results suggest that the CCK intake-inhibitory mechanism is potentially available to the young, suckling pup even before it starts to feed on its own. However, it appears to mediate only a portion of the controls of intake during nursing and early stages of weaning. Some aspects of the CCK system (e.g., forebrain-hindbrain connections) and CCK's role in mediating the effects of other stimulus aspects of food apparently undergo a post-weaning maturational process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 368,379, 2006. [source] Relating Descriptive Sensory Analysis to Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry Ratings of Fresh Strawberries Using Partial Least Squares RegressionJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 7 2004K.F. Schulbach ABSTRACT: Sensory properties of 5 strawberry varieties were related to gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/ O) analysis using partial least squares regression (PLS). The sour and green sensory aspects were strongly associated with titratable acidity, hexanal, and E-2 hexenal. The caramel/sweet character was differentiated from the strawberry/fruity character by its stronger association with Furaneol, which had a high score in the 2nd PLS dimension. The sensory scores for peach and the GC/O ratings for the peach-like lactones were also associated. The fruity sensory scores and the floral sensory scores were not well correlated with compounds having fruity or floral character. This lack of relationship could partially be explained by covariance among the sensory ratings for the samples. [source] From tears to words: the development of language to express pain in young children with everyday minor illnesses and injuriesCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2010L. Franck Abstract Background Little is known about the development of language to express pain in the young or how children and parents verbally communicate when young children have everyday minor illnesses and injuries. Methods UK parents of children between the ages of 1 and 6 were invited to complete an Internet survey on children's pain language during everyday situations of minor illness or injury. Results Of the 1716 parents completing the survey, 45% reported their child had at least one word to express pain by 17 months of age, increasing to 81% by 23 months of age. Children used different words based on their age and in the contexts of minor illnesses and injuries, with words for expressing pain related to illness emerging slightly later. Children's language was purposeful in describing causes of pain and requesting specific forms of assistance from parents even in the very youngest age groups. Parents' communicated with their children primarily to gain further information about the source and nature of pain and to direct children's behaviour. Conclusions Children rapidly develop an extensive vocabulary to describe pain between 12 and 30 months of age, with words for pain from injury emerging first and reflecting the development of normal speech acquisition. The differences in verbal expressions in the context of minor illnesses and injuries suggest that children make a cognitive distinction between the origins and sensory aspects of pain. These findings can help parents, childcare and healthcare professionals to appreciate the early communication capabilities of young children and to engage in more effective pain assessment and management for young children. [source] | ||||||||||